Lesson 28: Florence: The Cradle of the Renaissance

What industries helped Florence become the center of the Renaissance?

A banking industry became very wealthy overtime. Also, a new market.

What did the architect Brunelleschi who studied mathematics and ancient ruins design?

A remarkable dome.

Florence was the European center for what during the Renaissance?

Banking

Painted the Adoration of the Magi.

Botticelli

What was an important advance by Renaissance painters such as Botticelli?

Creating Depth

Carved his David in non-living form, and looks "so natural".

Donatello

Alongside his painting, Leonardo da Vinci made advances in science, mathematics, and engineering. What did he do before anyone else?

Drawing Maps as if it was seen from above.

Why is Florence often called the "Cradle of the Renaissance?

Florence's wealth helped to make it a leading cultural center of the Renaissance. (Had Art, Literature, Sculpture, Architecture, Education, Science, Mathematics, and many industries.)

What are some topics that Leonardo da Vinci explored in his notebooks?

Flying Machine, Four Wheeled Armed Tank, Proportions of a man's head, and Physics/Geometry Calculation.

Paradiso

Heaven

How was Dante's work The Divine Comedy different from most medieval literature?

His work was created in a Native Language.

What factors helped Florence to become a wealthy city?

Location was one reason (Florence was a city-state). Trade and Commerce was an important reason as well.

Rulers of Florence

Medici family

Briefly describe two ways in which Reniassance literature differed from Medieval Literature.

Medieval Literature focused on Religious topics, and wrote in very formal ways of Latin which could only be read by professionals. However, Renaissance writers were interested in personal experiences, and they wrote in their own languages in which people could understand.

Carved his David in White Marble and the statue is 17 feet tall.

Michelangelo

What did Galileo's scientific work on gravity and astronomy show the value of?

Observation and Experimentation

Inferno

Punishment Place (According to Christian Religion)

Briefly describe how Classical Cultures and Humanism influenced Renaissance painters.

Renaissance painters wanted to depict real people posed in lifelike ways with emotion. However, they wanted to include realistic settings.

Why did many travelers come to Florence?

Some came for business, while some came for studying art, or going to school at libraries and schools. This brought into Florence ideas, goods, and technologies.

What geographical feature helped Florence become a trade center?

The Arno River

Which building in Florence do tourists visit because a famous author lived there?

The Casa di Dante

How did the study of science change during the Renaissance?

The Humanist spirit opened up the idea of experimentation and observation. This got many people to question Greek and Roman theories.

What powerful family controlled Florence for almost 300 years?

The Medici Family.

What did Machiavelli write about in The Prince? How did this book contradict Humanist ideals? In what ways was it very modern work?

The Prince is his account for how politics and government work. It is being written from a perspective and it has opinions. Mainly, it concerned how things really worked in the world.

How did Florence's wealth contribute to its cultural activity?

The city and its rich residents could afford to be patrons of talented artists and thinkers.

How is Dante's The Divine Comedy an example of humanist art?

The comedy has strong emotions, and comments on other people.

What were two differences between Florence's Old Market and New Market?

The older market contained everyday things like food. There was usually trash everywhere. However the newer market did not tolerate food or weapons and valued cleanliness and order to show respect for value.

How are Donatello's and Michelangelo's statues of David similar to medieval sculpture?

Their statues showed an figure from the bible.

How did the Medici family influence and rule in Renaissance Florence?

They built palaces and maintained a strong army. They were also great sponsors of art.

How were Renaissance sculptors influenced by Humanist ideals and ancient Roman Statues?

They made free standing statues. Also, they symbolized humanist ideas such as nature, realism, and individualism.

How were architects and builders of the Renaissance influenced by both classical and humanist ideas?

They studied Greek and Roman Ruins. They also mimicked Humanist Ideas.

How did Brunelleschi build a dome that wouldn't collapse?

They used 8 Stone arches and they leaned them up against each other.

What did people from all over Europe come to the Mercato Nuovo, or New Market in Florence to do?

To get loans and/or convert money to Florins.

Briefly describe two Renaissance two Renaissance advances in painting techniques.

Use of Perspective- To create the appearance of depth on a flat surface. Use of Depth- Carefully shading an object or making an object closer or further away than usual.

What was the relationship between the industries of Florence and its culture?

Wealthy Patrons supporting artists.

What were most palazzi like?

Wealthy town homes built around central courtyards

Purgatorio

Where souls await into heaven. (According to Catholic Religion)