Lesson 3: Basic Network Commands

What does the address resolution protocol (ARP) cache map?

IP addresses to MAC addresses

What is indicated about the other device when a ping reply results in a timeout message?

connectivity issues, firewall issues, or both

Which network command queries the DNS name servers as a substitute for nslookup and displays date useful for DNS issue troubleshooting?

dig

Which network command on Linux displays information about a user or users on a remote system, including things like last log-in time and username?

finger

Which network command configures the kernel network interfaces at boot, which can then be used to debug or tune a Linux system?

ifconfig

Which network command displays information about active ports and their state, which is useful in troubleshooting and capacity management in Windows, MacOS, and Linux?

netstat

Which network command securely copies files between servers, leveraging SSH for authentication and encryption?

scp

Which network command scans networks to find hosts and open ports, commonly used to determine what is deployed on a network via Windows or Linux for vulnerability analysis, security scans, and related activities?

nmap

Which network command displays the current route tables on a host, adds and removes routes, and is used by the local host to determine where to send traffic?

route

Which network command sends data to the default gateway (0.0.0.0) if it is not otherwise defined in the routing table?

route

Which network command displays the IP to MAC address mappings for hosts that have been discovered in the ARP cache?

ARP

Which network command may be used to add, remove, and modify entries in the ARP cache from the local network?

ARP

If a ping reply is not received, what is displayed?

a timeout message

Which network command copies an unencrypted file from one host to another host using TCP, which increases errors?

ftp

Which network command uses SSL/TLS to encrypt the file it copies from one host to another host?

ftps

Which network command provides a Windows user with the IP, subnet mask, and default gateway for each network adapter?

ipconfig

Which network command provides the same information as ipconfig, plus additional information like the MAC address, DHCP status, and lease information?

ipconfig/all

Which network command releases all network connections and renews all adapters?

ipconfig/release

What describes the time to get a response from a ping request, enabling the troubleshooting of performance issues?

latency

Which network command displays routing information for network adapters?

netstat -r

Which network command displays information about DNS and troubleshooting DNS problems, like IP address mapping?

nslookup

Which network command tests connectivity to other hosts by sending an ICMP echo request to a host and listening for a reply?

ping

What is another name for a protocol analyzer?

sniffer

Which network command allows a user to manage accounts and devices remotely using an encrypted connection?

ssh

Which network protocol displays TCP/IP packets and other network packets that are being transmitted over the Windows or Linux network system?

tcpdump

Which network protocol is a form of protocol analyzer designed to show the contents of network packets in human-readable form for troubleshooting and security analysis?

tcpdump

Which network command allows a user to manage accounts and devices remotely using an unencrypted connection?

telnet

Which network command transfers a file from either a client to a server or from a server to a client using UDP, increasing reliability?

tftp

If a ping reply is received, what is displayed?

time taken and TTL

Which network command, used primarily in Linux systems, displays the path taken by an IP packet from its source to its destination without requiring superuser privileges?

tracepath

Which network command is used by Linux systems to trace the route an IP packet takes to its destination, displaying each hop in a numerical list with the hop's IP address and time taken to receive the packet?

traceroute

Which network command is useful in determining where a ping fails and troubleshooting other connectivity and network performance issues?

traceroute / tracert

Which network command is used by Windows systems to trace the route an IP packet takes to its destination, displaying each hop in a numerical list with the hop's IP address and time taken to receive the packet?

tracert

Which network command looks up who owns a domain or block of IP addresses, including their name, email, and physical address, via a Linux system?

whois