Letter From Birmingham Jail
Cognizant
(adj.) aware, knowledgeable, informed; having jurisdiction
Appalling
(adj.) inspiring shock, horror, disgust (The judge found the murderer's crimes and lack of remorse appalling.)
Superficial
(adj.) on or near the surface; concerned with or understanding only what is on the surface, shallow
Provincial
(adj.) pertaining to an outlying area; local; narrow in mind or outlook, countrified in the sense of being limited and backward; of a simple, plain design that originated in the countryside; (n.) a person with a narrow point of view; a person from an outlying area; a soldier from a province or colony
Monologue
(n.) a speech by one actor; a long talk by one person
Moratorium
(n.) a suspension of activity; an official waiting period; an authorized period of delay
Articulate
(v.) To pronounce distinctly; to express well in words; to fit together into a system; (adj.) able to use language effectively; expressed clearly and forcefully
Deplore
(v.) to feel or express regret or disapproval
Distort
(v.) to give a false or misleading account of; to twist out of shape
Concoct
(v.) to prepare by combining ingredients, make up (as a dish); to devise, invent, fabricate
Metaphor
A comparison without using like or as
Irony
A contrast between expectation and reality
Negotiation
A form of communication between opposing sides in a conflict in which offers and counteroffers are made and a solution occurs only when both parties agree
Macedonian
A heresy that said the Holy Spirit was created by Jesus and was subordinate to the Father and the Son.
Thalidomide
A mild tranquilizer that, taken early in pregnancy, can produce a variety of malformations of the limbs, eyes, ears, and heart.
Paradox
A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.
Aphorism
A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.
Tone
A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels.
Dialogue
Conversation between two or more characters
Imagery
Description that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)
St. Thomas Aquines
Dominican priest, had the gift of revelation, wrote one of the greatest works in Catholic theology called the Summa Theological
Status quo
Existing state or condition
Objective
Factual, related to reality or physical objects; not influenced by emotions, unbiased
Hypophora
Figure of reasoning in which one or more questions is/are asked and then answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker; raising and responding to one's own question(s).
St. Augustine
First spanish settlement. Florida 1565
Socrates
Greek philosopher; socratic method--questioning; sentenced to death for corrupting Athens youth
Interrelatedness
Listening, speaking, reading, and writing are all interrelated, and the ESL student may be at different levels within each of these 4 lang components; these all need to be taught at the same time, making computers important here
Unhampered
Not slowed or blocked or interfered with; not subject to restraint
Extremist
One who supports extreme measures or holds extreme views.
Good-faith negotiations
Parties agree to send negotiators who can bargain and make decisions Rather than people who do not have the authority to commit either group to a decision
Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds
By-Product
Something produced in the making of something else; a secondary result; a side effect.
Tension
Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
Alternative
The choice between two mutually exclusive possibilities, a situation presenting such a choice
Moral Law
The ethical code, authored and revealed by God and safeguarded by the Church, imposing obligations on the conscience of each person.
Inquiry
The search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions.
contrast
The state of being noticeably different from something else when put or considered together.
Stagnation
a discontinuation of development and a desire to recapture the past
Resentment
a feeling of anger or displeasure about someone or something unfair
Gadflies
a person who persistently annoys or provokes others with criticism, schemes, ideas, demands, requests, etc.
Pathos
a quality that evokes pity or sadness
misonception
a view or opinion that is incorrect because based on faulty thinking or understanding.
Prophetic
accurately describing or predicting what will happen in the future
Logos
an appeal based on logic or reason
Affiliate
an associate; partner
Jurist
an expert in or writer on law.
Conscience
an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior.
garment
an item of clothing
Underlying
basic; fundamental; only noticeable under scrutiny
Bogged
cause (a vehicle, person, or animal) to become stuck in mud or wet ground.
inflicted
cause (something unpleasant or painful) to be suffered by someone or something.
Bewildering
confused, perplexed
Ethos
credibility
Gainsaying
declaring to be false; denying; opposing; contradicting
Degnerating
deteriorating, crumbling
Dramatize
dramatize (something) to make something seem more exciting or important than it really is Don't worry too much about what she said—she tends to dramatize things.
Appraisal
evaluation or estimation of worth
Excruciating
extremely painful
Notorious
famous for something bad
rhetorical question
figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer
Compelled
force or oblige (someone) to do something.
Unfettered
free from restrictions
Impunity
freedom from punishment or harm
Conniving
given to or involved in conspiring to do something immoral, illegal, or harmful.
Corroding
gradually destructive
Inevitably
impossible to avoid or prevent
Sublimely
impressing the mind with a sense of grandeur or power; inspiring awe, veneration, etc.
Ominous
menacing, threatening, indicating misfortune
Eloquent
persuasive and moving, especially in speech
Latent
present, but not active; hidden
alllusion
refers to something famous: a piece of literature, historical event, a person
Repudiated
rejected
Complacency
self-satisfaction; smugness
Segregated
separated or isolated from others or a main group
Constructive
serving a useful and positive purpose
Emphatic
showing or giving emphasis; expressing something forcibly and clearly
Juztaposition
side by side comparison of two or more things to highlight similarities and differences
parallelism/parallel structure
similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses
Dondage
slavery or involuntary servitude; serfdom
Endurance
staying power; patience; stamina
Grapple
struggle
Oppressed
subject to harsh and authoritarian treatment
Ideologies
systems of thought and belief
Paternalistic
tending to supply the needs of or regulate the activities of those under one's control
Rhetoric
the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.
Inferiority
the condition of being lower in status or quality than another or others.
Zeitgeist
the defining spirit or mood of a particular period of history as shown by the ideas and beliefs of the time
Audience
the listener, viewer, or reader of a text
Superiority
the quality of being better than others
Civil disobedience
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
Mutuality
the sharing of a feeling, action, or relationship between two or more parties.
Direct Action
the use of strikes, demonstrations, or other public forms of protest rather than negotiation to achieve one's demands.
Engulfs
to completely surround or take over
Postpone
to do something at a time or date after it was originally planned
Concur
to express agreement, approve
Self-purification
to make one-self pure; to improve
Degrades
treat or regard (someone) with contempt or disrespect.
Inescapable
unable to be avoided or denied
Futility
uselessness as a consequence of having no practical result
Bleakness
without hope or encouragement; depressing