Life Cycle Nutrition (Ch. 10-13) Prep for Quiz #3

What is the development of feeding skills of toddlers at about nine to ten months?

Bottle weaning

The _____________ growth charts allow health care providers to plot and monitor weight-for-age, length-or stature-for-age, head circumference-for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-stature, and BMI-for-age.

CDC

Which nutrient group most frequently contributes to the risk of dental caries or tooth decay in preadolescents?

Carbohydrates

What is the definition of the age group of toddlers?

Toddlers considered one to three years and a rapid increase in gross and fine motor skills

What is the body's response by the immune system to a food or food additive?

Food allergy

Sweets should be limited in the diets of toddlers and preschoolers because of which of the following?

children have little room for empty-calorie foods in their daily energy allowance

What are the children's food preferences that determine what foods they consume?

-Naturally prefer sweet and slightly salty -Have preferences for energy dense foods -Influenced by media (for example, fast-foods ads) -Able to adjust caloric intake based on caloric need

What is the dietary reference intakes for kids ages 4-8 years for protein?

0.95 g/kg/day or 19 g/day

What is the approximate age of the category of toddlers?

1-3 years

What is the dietary reference intakes for kids ages 1-3 years for protein?

1.1 g/kg/day or 13 g/day

Food allergies are present in what about percentage of children and usually identified in toddlers/preschool-age children?

2-8%

What is the approximate age of the category of preschool-age?

3-5 years

What is the approximate age of the category of middle childhood?

5-10 years

What is the estimation of children who have a chronic condition or disability? How many require nutrition intervention?

5-31% of children and up to 90 percent of children with disabilities

Kids tend to reject new foods at first and how many exposures does it take before they accept the food?

8-10 exposures

What is the development of feeding skills of toddlers at 18-24 months?

Able to use tongue to clean lips and has well developed rotary chewing (meats, raw fruits/veggies, and textures)

Is allergy testing useful during infancy?

Allergy testing during infancy is not useful because the immune system is not fully developed.

For toddlers, what are the expanding physical and developmental skills at 30 months?

Alternates feet going upstairs

What is the average gain of preschoolers?

Average gain of 4.4 pounds a year and grow 2.75 inches.

What is the the average gain of toddlers?

Average gain of eight ounces per month and grow 0.4 inches.

On average how much do the infants weight increase from birth to the first 12 months of life?

Average infant triples their birthweight, but rate of growth slows down until they hit their "growth" spurt during adolescence.

A toddler should be allowed to self-feed, with utensils or fingers, with supervision to prevent him from _______.

Choking

What is the development of feeding skills of toddlers at about 12 to 14 months?

Completely weaned

Samuel has negative responses to many new foods. To encourage variety in Samuel's diet, his parents should do which of the following?

Continue to serve foods that Samuel avoids

For toddlers, what are the expanding physical and developmental skills at 15 months?

Crawls upstairs

What is the estimated energy requirement (EER) of a 24 month old, healthy female? She weighs 26.4 lbs.

EER ages 13-36 months (89x weight of child (kg) -100) +20 (kcal for energy deposition) 26.4/2.2 = 12 Answer 988 kcals

TRUE or FALSE. A true food allergy is characterized by an inability to swallow and the gagging reflex.

FALSE

TRUE or FALSE. A young child on a lactose-free diet can consume foods that contain whey protein.

FALSE

What is defined as weight for age that falls below the 5th percentile on multiple occasions or growth chart shows weight decrease?

Failure to thrive (FTT)

The consumption of milk has decreased among young children since the late 1970s, but consumption of carbonated soft drinks has done what?

Has increased by about the same amount

Which program provides access to nutrition care?

Head Start, Early Head Start, and WIC

These chronic conditions such as cystic fibrosis, renal disease, ambulatory children with diplegia, pediatric AIDS, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are associated with high or low energy needs?

Higher energy needs

Michael is plotting consistently at the 25th percentile on his growth chart for height and weight. Picture what this would look like on a growth chart. Would you consider this a "red flag" for malnutrition or need for nutritional intervention? Explain your reasoning.

I don't think that Michael plotting consistently at the 25th percentile on his growth chart for height and weight is a bad "red flag". This is certainly something to monitor. As long as he is not in the 5th or 95th percentile the alarm signals are not going off in my mind. Sometimes boys take longer to have their growth spurt than others. I might show options for healthy foods that are nutritious and help with growing.

Why is food allergy testing not done in infancy?

Infants' immune system aren't fully developed.

School-aged children who regularly skip breakfast are:

Likely to have difficulty concentrating in school

These chronic conditions such as down syndrome, spina bifida, nonambulatory children with diplegia, prader-willi syndrome, and nonambulatory children with short stature are associated with high or low energy needs?

Lower energy needs

Children in families who regularly eat three or more meals together weekly are ____________.

More likely to eat healthy foods

Is there any specific diet recommended for prevention or treatment to improve behavior or gastrointestinal symptoms?

No specific diet

A child's BMI-for-age greater or equal to the 95th percentile is defined as ____________.

Obese

Children whose BMI-for-age is greater than or equal to the 95th percentile are classified as what?

Obese

What are two reasons a child might be labeled as picky?

One reason is the child may want the same foods all of the time is because familiar foods may be comforting to their. Another reason is that the child may be trying to exert control over this aspect of their life.

Children whose BMI-for-age is greater than or equal to the 85th percentile but less than or equal to the 94th percentile are classified as what?

Overweight

What is the definition of the age group of preschool-age?

Preschool-age considered to be three to five years. Increasing autonomy, broader social circumstances, increasing language skills, and expanding behavior control.

What is the length of toddlers under two years are measured in recumbent position (lying down position)?

Recumbent length

The CDC growth charts are gender specific, what ages is it used for, and reference for how what nationality are growing?

Reference for how U.S. children are growing and used for ages 2-20 years of age.

What is the development of feeding skills of toddlers at about 12 months?

Refined pincer grasp (pick up small objects)

For toddlers, what are the expanding physical and developmental skills at 36 months?

Rides a tricycle

For toddlers, what are the expanding physical and developmental skills at 18 months?

Runs stiffly

Parents and older siblings have the most powerful influence on children's food choices during middle childhood and preadolescence. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

TRUE or FALSE Children are generally considered overweight from the 75th to the 85th percentile on growth charts and obese at the 95th percentile and above.

TRUE

The toddlers and the pre-school age kids are considered egocentric. Very common for this stage of development, but what does egocentric mean?

Thinking only of oneself, self-centered

Children who have feeding problems may exhibit these signs?

Trouble swallowing or mouth control, choking or coughing during eating.

True or False. Toddlers & Preschoolers rate of growth results in decreased appetite & reduced food intake; common concern by parents...reassure them that is completely normal during this stage of development.

True.

The WHO growth charts are used for what aged children?

Used for children aged birth to younger than two years

For toddlers, what are the expanding physical and developmental skills at 24 months?

Walks upstairs one foot at a time and jumps in place

What is the approximate age of the category of preadolescence?

ages 9-11 for girls and 10-12 years for boys