Lifespan Development: Chapter 2 Test

In each human cell, a nucleus contains how many chromosomes?

-23 matching pairs of chromosomes

What type of research involves behavior geneticists deliberately modifying the genetic makeup of animals to examine the influence of heredity on attributes and behavior?

-Selective breeding studies

T/F: Fragile X syndrome occurs more often in males than females.

-TRUE!

T/F: Women over the age of 35 who give birth are at a greater risk for pregnancy and birth complications, including miscarriage and stillbirth, than are younger women.

-TRUE! -Women over the age of 35 who give birth are at greater risk for pregnancy and birth complications, including miscarriage and stillbirth, than are younger women. However, the majority of pregnant women over age 35 give birth to healthy infants.

What is the term for an agent that causes damage to prenatal development?

-Teratogen -A teratogen is an agent that causes damage to prenatal development, such as a disease, drug, or other environmental factor, producing a birth defect. The field of teratology attempts to find the causes of birth defects so that they may be avoided.

What often happens when serious defects occur during the embryonic period?

-The serious defects result in spontaneous abortion.

What is the tendency to actively seek out experiences and environments compatible and supportive of our genetic tendencies called?

-niche-picking

What is a fertilized egg called?

-A zygote

What screening is administered to newborns after birth to assess their immediate health?

-Apgar scale -The Apgar scale is used to assess a newborn's overall health after birth. You can remember what is being tested in this quick evaluation by using the letters in the name Apgar, which stand for Activity, Pulse, Grimace, Appearance, and Respiration.

What term refers to the tendency of heredity to narrow the range of development to only one or a few outcomes?

-Canalization

Maddox and Maecy both carry alleles for brown hair. Their 4-year-old son, Drake, also has brown hair. What does this tell us about Drake and the trait of brown hair?

-Drake is homozygous for the trait of brown hair.

What is the medical specialty that helps prospective parents determine the risk that their children will inherit genetic defects and chromosomal abnormalities?

-Genetic counseling

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. Which of the following outcomes are associated with maternal smoking?

-Low birth weight -Premature birth -Maternal smoking is associated with low birth weight and premature birth.

Which of the following methods of prenatal diagnosis carries the least amount of risk to a developing fetus?

-Ultrasound

The ______ is a fluid-filled sphere with cells forming a protective circle around an inner cluster of cells from which the ______ will develop.

-blastocyst; embryo