Lifespan Development Quiz Questions

Normal human cells have ________ chromosomes while gametes have ________ chromosomes. 46; 23 23; 23 46; 46 23; 46

46;23

A child therapist believes that it is important to understand all the forces that shape and impact children's lives: individual, family, neighborhood, society, and culture. This therapist subscribes to which approach to development? Maslow hierarchy of needs Bronfenbrenner ecological systems model Rogers humanistic theory Vygotsky sociocultural theory

Bronfenbrenner ecological systems model

A(n)________ approach to development has been criticized for equating the mind to a computer and for not taking into account the social context in which development takes place. Sofia cognitive theory Piagetian Information processing Theory of mind

Information processing

Adam spends a lot of time indoors watching television and playing video games for fun. What does this primarily sedentary lifestyle put him at risk for? underdeveloped motor skills poor vision childhood obesity nutritional deficits

childhood obesity

A person's subjective age can change on a daily basis monthly basis weekly basis yearly basis

daily

According to Erikson, what is necessary before the intimacy vs. isolation crisis can be solved successfully? Identity must be established. The individual must get married. Same-sex friendships must cease. All friendships must cease.

identity must be established

Which of the following describes a cause of premature birth? anoxia hypoxia cerebral palsy infections

infections

Chuck goes to a fairly small school, yet nobody seems to notice him, and most days he's alone. What category of child is Chuck? Average child Neglected child Aggressive-rejected Controversial child

neglected child

Which of the following risky behaviors has been identified as a key influence on the occurrence of violent deaths in early adulthood? Poor diet Sexual assaults Domestic violence Substance abuse

substance

what happens during stage 2 of a normal labor The placenta is delivered. The cervix dilates to 10 centimeters. Contractions begin. The delivery of the baby through the birth canal

the delivery of the baby through the birth canal

Crystallized intelligence is knowledge accumulated over a period of time. It can be acquired via experience, professional and personal, travel, reading and education. It is usually culturally based and can be the result of both choice and personal circumstances. It is sometimes described as cognitive pragmatics and opposed to the cognitive processing of fluid intelligence. It is usually measured by concept formation via visual puzzles. vocabulary tests, interpretation of texts. deduction based on diagrams. pattern recognition based on spatial organization.

vocab test

In Kohlberg's moral reasoning test, what was his main question in the study? How many people got the right answer How often people changed their answers Whether men or women answer differently. Why people answered in the manner they did

why people answer in the manner they did

With all races combined, how does the college graduation rate compare between men and women? This information is usually not provided by colleges, and this comparison remains unknown. Women are slightly less likely to have graduated from college than men. There is no difference in the college graduation rate between men and women. Women are slightly more likely to have graduated from college than men.

women are slightly more likely to have grdiated college than men

rdan has always had issues sitting still in the classroom, because he has trouble filtering out all of the extra noises and sights and paying attention to the teacher above all the stimuli. What disorder does Jordan likely have? Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) Dyslexia Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD

A researcher conducted an in-depth study of a child who was raised in isolation and had no contact with same-age peers until age 10. This researcher detailed the child's development in a number of spheres: physical/motor, language/cognitive, social and emotional. What kind of research method is this? Case study Observational study Survey Content analysis

Case study

A student is bullied at school and now associates school with fear. According to Pavlov's classical conditioning paradigm, the fear, anxiety, and nervousness this student experiences when approaching school is a(n) ________. Unconditioned stimulus Unconditioned response Conditioned response Conditioned stimulus

Conditional response

In a health class for middle schoolers, the instructor discusses puberty, to the embarrassment of the students, and reviews the biological factors involved in how their bodies are changing, the cognitive factors involved in more advanced thinking skills, the emotional factors involved in regulating feelings, and the social factors involved in navigating relationships. This illustrates which of Baltes' key principles of lifespan development? -development is multidisciplinary -development is multidimensional Development is plastic Development has gains and losses

Development is multidimensional

In a prenatal education class, an instructor informs parents that their child's development will be influenced by many factors, including biological, cognitive, social, and emotional factors. This instructor is addressing which of Baltes' key principles of lifespan development? -development is lifelong -development has gains and losses -development is multidimensional -development is changeable

Development is multidimensional

Teresa believes her cultural practices are the best and right ones, and it is difficult for her to understand the cultural practices of other societies. Tanya expresses an appreciation for cultural differences and a willingness to consider the perspectives of people in other cultures. Teresa's view demonstrates ________, while Tanya's view demonstrates ________. -non-normative influences; normative history-graded influence -a cohort effect; contextual intelligence -one dimensional culture; multi dimensional culture -ethnocentrism; cultural relativity

Ethnocentrism; cultural relativity

A child development researcher established a password for her lab computers. The password, ________, was created in honor of the person who established the first scientific journals that published child development research, and who was also the first president of the American Psychological Association Sigmund Freud James mark baldwin John b Watson G Stanley hall

G Stanley hall

approach to psychotherapy is influenced by Carl Rogers, describes this as a state of ________. Congruence Conditional positive regard Unconditional positive regard Incongruence

Incongruence

In a study of the effect of playing video games on sleep quality, researchers randomly assigned some participants to play an up-tempo video game for either one or three hours before bed. Other participants had no engagement with electronics in the time before bed. Then, the researchers assessed all the participants' sleep quality (e.g., number of awakenings, percentage of time in deep sleep) during an overnight sleep study. In this experiment, the time spent playing video games (e.g., one or three hours) is the ________. Experimental group Independent variable Dependent variable Control group

Independent variable

Question A couple arrives at a research lab to participate in a research study of psychosocial factors related to relationship satisfaction. After they learn about the study, they are asked to review a(n) ________, which reviews the procedures to be used in the research, any expected risks or benefits, and serves as a contract stating that they agree to participate in research. Recruitment agreement Irb approval statement Attrition prevention statemen Informed consent statement

Informed consent statement

Students in an acting class watch instructors demonstrate stage combat techniques. These students must be able to execute the behavior (i.e., the stage combat techniques) they are trying to learn. Which part of Bandura's observational learning process does this represent? Attention Retention Motivation Initiation

Initiation

Evolutionary perspectives on lifespan development have been criticized for ________. Focusing on behaviors that are reflexively elicited new behaviors insufficient attention to environmental and social factors involved in behavior proposing discrete stages rather than a continuous process of growth and learning underestimating what children are capable of given the right circumstances

Insufficient

Two young adult friends are talking about their dating preferences. One friend says, "I prefer to go to the movies by myself. I believe you have to know yourself and be good company for yourself before you can be good company for someone else." Erik Erikson would agree that we must have a strong sense of self before we can develop successful intimate relationships. This statement describes the key developmental task in which stage of psychosocial development? Intimacy vs isolation Generativity vs stagnation Integrity vs despair Identity vs role confusion

Intimacy vs isolation

Suppose a group of researchers wants to investigate the relationship between daily mindfulness meditation and cortisol (stress hormone) levels in the body over a 20-year time period. Which research design would allow them to measure changes with age and within individuals over time, even though it would be expensive, limited to one cohort, take a long time, and they might have people drop out of the study? Sequential research design Cross-sectional research design Longitude research design Cohort-sequential research desifn

Longitude research desing

School administrators and teachers meet yearly to review the school philosophy, daily routines, assessment methods, and other elements of the school system because they know these factors can affect a child's self-image, learning, and sense of accomplishment. These educators and their concerns represent which element of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model? Micro-system Macro-system mesosystem exosystem

Mesosystem

ichael, who has an autism spectrum disorder, walks into his classroom and discovers that the teacher has rearranged the desks and he becomes highly agitated and uncomfortable. What is the best possible explanation for Michael's behavior? Michael also has obsessive-compulsive disorder and he likes things to be in a certain order. Michael has difficulties adjusting to changes in routines and how things surrounding him are organized. Michael had personally arranged the desks, and takes it as an affront that the teacher changed his layout. Michael is upset because he no longer gets to sit by his best friend and talk throughout class.

Michael has difficulties adjusting to changes in routines and how things surrounding him are organized.

Infants younger than 5 months old do not search for objects once they have been removed from their sight. According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, these infants have not yet developed ________. Object permanence Reversibility Egocentrism Conservation

Object permanence

In a study of empathy across young adulthood to older adulthood, researchers found a negative correlation (r= -.75) between empathy and age. How is this finding interpreted? Older age causes adults to be less emphatic Older age causes adults to be more empathetic Older adults tended to have lower empathy scores than younger adults Older adults tended to have higher empathy scores than younger adults

Older adults tended to have lower empathy scores than younger adults

A store clerk witnesses the following exchange that she has seen numerous times between a parent and child who are regular customers: The child asks for a toy. The parent refuses to get it. The child throws a temper tantrum. The parent puts the toy in the shopping basket. The child stops crying. The store clerk thinks, "Behavior is controlled by its consequences." The clerk's reasoning coincides with the concept of: Observational learning Classical conditioning Operant conditioning A skinner box

Operant conditioning

Human service agencies that provide food, water, clothing, and shelter to people in need are focused on helping others meet which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs? Physiological Safety Love and belonging Esteem

Physiological

McKinley does not like Parker, but McKinley treats Parker in an excessively friendly manner. Freud would say that McKinley is using the defense mechanism, ________. Reaction formation Rationalization Projection Regression

Reaction formation

Researchers build upon each other's work by following up on suggested directions for future research and addressing limitations of previous studies. For example, a researcher might extend a study that was originally conducted with an urban sample to include people living in suburban and rural areas. Which aspect of the scientific method does this demonstrate? The scientific method allows for the researchers own biases and assumptions to be reported in their findings. The scientific method facilitates the establishment of a literature or knowledge base. The scientific method allows for asking only those individuals with whom we are familiar to participate in a study. The scientific method allows for theories that cannot be falsified.

The scientific method allows for asking only those individuals with whom we are familiar to participate in a study.

A student is close to mastering a new language skill, but the student needs more practice and assistance before performing the skill independently. According to Vygotsky, this gap between what a student can and cannot do without help is referred to as ________. Information processing Formal operations The zone of proximal development Scaffolding

The zone of proximal develipment

A graduate student is considering topics for a Master's thesis. The graduate advisor recommends: "There are several sets of well-developed ideas about that topic. You must first review their explanations and use that to make predictions for your research." The graduate advisor is recommending that the student review ________. Theories Hypothesis Observations Research

Theories

Dr. Petersen designed a correlational study to determine if time spent playing video games is related to obesity. What was the objective of this research? To describe the occurrence of a phenomenon To explain why people play video games To formally test whether a relationship exists between two or more variables To randomly assign participants to different conditions, then use hypothesis testing to make inferences about how these conditions influence behavior

To formally rest whether a relationship exists between two or more variables

Which of the following is not one of the multiple intelligences proposed in Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences? Logical-mathematical Analytical Linguistic Spatial

analytical

________ describes the experience of men during the climacteric. Andropause Osteoporosis Presbycusis Menopause

andropause

Angela is 7 years old, and her little sister, Maurya is 2 years old. How are Angela's visual pathways likely to differ from those of her sister? Angela's visual pathways are likely to be less mature, allowing her illustrations to more clearly reflect what she visualizes. Angela's visual pathways are not likely to be different from those of her sister. There is no way to predict this, because visual pathway development depends on the individual child and his/her situation. Angela's visual pathways are likely to be more mature, allowing her illustrations to more clearly reflect what she visualizes.

angelas visual pathways are likely to be more mature allowing her illustrations to more clearly reflect what she visualizes

Xavier tends to be uncomfortable being close to others and finds it difficult to depend on anyone. When he feels like anyone is getting too close, he gets nervous, and his romantic partners often want him to be more intimate than he is comfortable with. What type of attachment style does this reflect? Anxious-avoidant Secure Incomplete Anxious-resistant

anxious avoidant

Which of the following disorders involves delayed or lacking development of theory of mind? Depression. Autism. Bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia.

autism

what do adoption studies compare behavioral traits between non-related individuals in different environments behavioral traits between biological relatives and adopted relatives behavioral traits between identical twins only behavioral traits between identical twins and fraternal twins

behavioral traits between biological relatives and adopted relatives

Which of the following is NOT a reason boys tend to report sexual abuse less often than girls? Boys are afraid of the stigma against homosexual acts Boys are more likely to be abused by someone outside the family Boys feel a social obligation to protect themselves and feel ashamed that they have failed Men are usually the perpetrators

boys are more likely to be abused by someone outside the family

Melanie and Lucas are both 4 years old. Melanie comes from a family of high socioeconomic status (SES), while Lucas comes from a family of low SES. According to research by Hart and Risley, why is it likely that these two children will experience different academic outcomes in school? -Children from high SES families are exposed to better use of linguistics than children from low SES families, which gives them an advantage when starting school. -Children from high SES families are exposed to better nutrition than children from low SES families, which gives them an advantage when starting school. -Children from high SES families are exposed to more words than children from low SES families, and therefore have an advantage when starting school. -Children from high SES families are exposed to fewer words than children from low SES families, and therefore have an advantage when starting school.

children from high SES families are exposed to more words than children from low SES families and therefore have an advantage when starting school

Devin is 4, and his little sister, Carmella is 8 months. how will Devin's appetite likely differ from that of his infant sister Children are all so different that it is impossible to compare appetites in children across infancy and early childhood. Children in early childhood have more of an appetite than infants. Children in early childhood have more of an appetite than infants. Children in early childhood have less of an appetite than infants.

children in early childhood have less of an appetite than infants

Which of the following describes a current trend in cohabitation and marriage? Cohabitation has been increasing, while marriage has been decreasing. Cohabitation has not changed, but marriage has increased. Cohabitation has been decreasing, while marriage has been increasing. Cohabitation has increased, but marriage has not changed

cohabitation has been increasing while marraieg has been decreasing

ark and Eric have a relationship in which the individuals have made a decision to stay together and work to keep their love going. According to Sternberg's theory of love, their relationship would be said to exhibit which component of love? Passion Commitment Intimacy Stability

commitment

Which of the following describes a key theme in Levinson's theory? Transitioning to middle adulthood. Investing in family commitments. Creating and recreating plans. Completing the age 30 transition.

creating and recreating plans

childcare practices differ across cultures, and different practices have been found to influence when and how children reach certain developmental milestones, such as sitting, crawling and walking. which approach to human development is conveyed by this finding? -development is a cumulative, smooth process of improvement -development is essentially the same, or universal, for all children -development can follow a different course for each child -development occurs in specific stages, at specific times or ages

development can follow a different course for each child

ary at age 80 loves her independence, but lately she has been involved in more car accidents, although minor and mostly due the constant switching of attention when there is a lot of traffic. To explain Mary's challenges, new research may point to problems in ________ among older adults, when it comes to activities such as driving. working- term memory long- term memory sustained attention divided attention

divided attention

Karen is 4 years old, and she often assumes that everyone shares the same perspective as her. This limitation in early childhood thinking is known as: Centration Egocentrism Animism Conservation

egocentrisim

If Gabe, a 23-year old musician, is interested in seeking out a romantic partner and having a committed relationship, which developmental task is he beginning to fulfill? Becoming part of a group. Achieving autonomy. Finding intimacy. Establishing identity.

finding intimacy

Information processing theory proposes three main levels of memory to compare human memory to computer processing Which of the following is NOT one of the components of memory introduced in information processing theory? Long-term memory Flash memory Working memory Sensory memory

flash

Paula's children have moved out of the house and she now has two young grandchildren. She finds herself often thinking about how she can pass on her legacy to them and decides to be more involved in their lives, as well as in the community. Paula's behavior coincides with how John Kotre (1984) defined generativity as a ________. passing stage of development lasting no more than a decade. form of creativity with no underlying impulse or drive. moral imperative that had to be awakened by education and culture form of investment.

form of investment

ocio-emotional selectivity theory (SST) states that our goals and priorities usually change in midlife. Rather than long term goals, we become more concerned with life-satisfaction in the present. This in linked to a belief that Time can now be spent with a much wider circle of family and friends. Time, and age, is much less important in midlife than early adulthood dues to greater financial security. future time is limited. That life can "begin" at any age and is largely free of any temporal perspective.

future time is limited

In a pre-k classroom, children are allowed time to play with toys throughout the day. The teacher encourages the girls to play with dolls, and the boys to play with toy trucks. Which of the following concepts does this reflect? Gender stereotyping. Gender identity. Gender constancy. Gender role socialization.

gender role socialization

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype? Genotype refers to inherited physical characteristics, while phenotype refers to genetic makeup. Genotype is a long strip of genetic material, while phenotype is a specific version of a gene. Genotype refers to genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to inherited physical characteristics. Genotype is a specific version of a gene, while phenotype is a long strip of genetic material.

genotype refers to genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to inherited phsycical characteristics

chool-aged children are able to tell and appreciate jokes like "knock-knock" jokes and puns, thanks to what advancement in language? A shift away from figurative thinking Greater sophistication in vocabulary Improved understanding of grammatical rules Heightened ability to associate similar words

greater sophistication in vocab

Which of the following is not a long-term consequence of divorce on children? Improved relationship with custodial parent Grief over losses suffered Mental health issues Adjustment of the custodial parent

grief

Jessa feels increasing social pressure to look like the other girls in her class, wearing the same brands of clothing as they do. She feels like she will fit in and be well-liked if she wears similar clothing, but she just doesn't like it, so she doesn't conform. What is this brand-name pressure influencing within Jessa? Her self-concept Her self-esteem Her sense of accomplishment Her materialistic nature

her self concept

Cultural influences on students informally teach all of the following messages, EXCEPT: Rankings of job and career prestige How to live in a bureaucratic society Homework does not build greater responsibility Gender roles and gender-appropriate behaviors

homework

While children in the concrete operational stage of cognitive development are more logical thinkers, what type of thinking is still too challenging for them at this stage? Inductive reasoning Hypothetical thinking Tangible reasoning Moral reasoning

hypothetical thinking

what is the difference between anoxia and hypoxia hypoxia occurs when the infant is deprived of adequate oxygen and experiences mild brain damage, while anoxia occurs when the infant experiences total lack of oxygen and experiences severe brain damage hypoxia is caused by gestational diabetes, while anoxia is caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain hypoxia occurs when the infant experiences total lack of oxygrn and experiences severe brain damage, while anoxia occurs when the infant is deprived of adequate oxygrn and experiences mild brain damage hypoxia is caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain, while anoxia is caused by gestational diabetes

hypoxia occurs when the infant is deprived of adequate oxygen and experiences mild brain damage, while anoxia occurs when the infant experiences total lack of ocygen and experiences severe brain damage

hat physical change allows children in middle childhood to engage in longer, sustained periods of strenuous play? rapidly growing limbs increased lung capacity losing one's primary teeth increased myelination

increased lung capacity

Brayson's son was diagnosed with having a chromosomal abnormality. If you were Brayson's friend, how would you explain the cause of chromosomal abnormalities? a zygote that fails to separate completely two eggs being fertilized by two sperm inheriting too many or too few chromosomes inheriting the wrong type of chromosomes

inheriting too many or too few chromosomes

Jenna is 4 years old, and is beginning to think of her own ideas and initiate action. Which of Erikson's stages of development is she in? Industry vs. inferiority. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt. Initiative vs. guilt. Trust vs. mistrust.

initiative vs guilt

Dan is 5 years old, and progressing through Freud's phallic stage of development. When he uses proper manners, such as saying please and thank you, he notices that his parents are happy, so he uses proper manners more often. When he leaves his toys out after playing with them, he notices that his parents are not happy, so he avoids doing this in order to avoid loss of love. What did Freud call this process? Introjection. Introspection. Oedipus complex. Electra complex.

introjection

Edgar can sound out most three-letter words, but when he sees a long eight-letter word, he turns to his teacher instead of trying to sound it out. His teacher encourages him to go ahead and try to sound it out by breaking it down into two parts. According to Vygotsky, Edgar is developing his fast-mapping skills. needs to practice his language overregularization. is in the zone of proximal development. is engaged in egocentric speech.

is in the zone of proximal development

Question Which of the following statements is true about physical development throughout early adulthood? It depends on gender, as it differs between men and women substantially. It begins at its worst, then tends to begin improving due to the inevitable effects of aging. It begins at its peak, then tends to begin declining due to inevitable effects of aging. It remains the same throughout this entire developmental stage.

it begins at its peak then tends to begin declinign due to inevitable effects of aging

Which of the following statements about Arnett's "emerging adulthood" concept is true? It helps to explain why many individuals in our society today are getting married and starting families at younger ages. Most individuals described as being in the "emerging adulthood" phase report that they already feel like they are adults. Research has proven that emerging adulthood is a universal stage found in all cultures and socioeconomic groups today. It is meant to describe the lives of many 18-25 year olds in our society today.

it is meant to desciribe the lives of many 18-25 year olds in our society today

how does a birthing center differ from a hospital? It provides a larger variety of pain medications. It provides education about birth. It provides a more home-like environment. It allows the partner to be present.

it provides a more home like environment

amily members, primarily women, often perform a valuable function in keeping other family members informed about the well-being of other family members. This creating, maintaining and monitoring function informs other family members when others need emotional and physical support. This has come to be known in the academic literature as ________. Organizing family reunions kinkeeping Family rituals Family communication

kinkeeping

Gross motor skills involve ________, while fine motor skills involve ________. large muscle groups; exact movements of fingers and hands the respiratory system; the muscular system the muscular system; the respiratory system exact movements of fingers and hands; large muscle groups

large muscle groups; exact movements of fingers and hands

Social cognitive theory (social learning theory) proposes that ________, whereas Piaget's theory of cognitive development proposes that ________. Learning is unique to each person;

learning is unique to each person

Levinson developed the "stage crisis view", similar to Erikson's concept of crisis in many ways. What is the key difference with regard to midlife ? Levinson adopted a strict version of Freudianism which argued that a midlife crisis was solely the result of unresolved issues from childhood. Levinson placed a much greater emphasis on physiological changes which accompany aging from 30 onwards. Levinson believed that the majority of individuals become obsessed with an individual aspect of life to the detriment of others Levinson proposed a wider set of influential factors, work, family, but also religion, ethnicity, socio-economic status, which may induce a "crisis" at this time of life.

levinson proposed a wider set of influential factors work family but also religion ethnicity

What is the most common male factor in infertility cases? Endometriosis Low sperm production Pelvic inflammatory disease Gonorrhea

low sperm

Of the following individuals, which one would be likely to have the highest earning potential? A college graduate who obtained an associate degree A high school graduate who obtained an advanced regents diploma. A high school graduate who obtained a local diploma. A college graduate who obtained a master's and a doctoral degree.

masters

There is now increasing evidence about the harmful effects of chronic inflammation in general. It is implicated in a whole series of degenerative illnesses. What diet is recommended in helping to avoid this? A diet low in protein. A diet with high quantities of red and processed meat. The Mediterranaean Diet A diet with high sugar energy drinks

mediterannean

As an elementary school student, Hayden's life revolves around learning and testing new academic skills, refining motor skills, and developing social relationships with friends and students outside of the family Hayden is in the ________ period of human development - middle childhood - early childhood - elementary - adolescence

middle childhood

Which of the following describes the way in which genetic material is distributed between twins? Monozygotic twins share 70% of their genetic material. Dizygotic twins do not have any shared genetic material. Dizygotic twins share 100% of their genetic material. Monozygotic twins share 100% of their genetic material.

monozygotic twins share 100% of their genetic material

ow does the dialectical thought of adulthood differ from the dichotomous thought of adolescence? It is more positive. It is more complex. It is more negative. It is less complex.

more complex

What is one way that postformal thought differs from formal thought? It is more positive It is less individualistic It is more individualistic It is more negative

more individulistic

millennials, those born between 1982 and 2000, are considered tech-savy because they grew up with technology and rely on it for daily activities. millennials are defined by characterisitics that were formed while growing up with advancements fin technology as part of their world and culture. which of baltes' contextual influences does this represent? -normative contextual intelligence -nonnormative influences -normative histroy-graded influences -normative age-graded influences

normative history-graded influences

Children raised with this parenting style may fail to learn self-discipline and develop uncertainty toward boundaries. Permissive Authoritarian Uninvolved Authoritative

permissive

a pediatrician provides parents with a chart that plots changes in their child's height and weight over time. This growth chart represents a ______ in human development - lifespan domain - psychosocial domain - cognitive domain - physical domain

physical domain

In operant conditioning, which is the most effective method of teaching a behavior? positive reinforcement positive punishment negative punishment negative reinforcement

positive reinforcement

Sam is 4 years old, and she is learning to utilize language effectively and think about the world symbolically. Which of Piaget's developmental stages is sam currently in? Formal operational. Sensorimotor. Preoperational. Concrete operational.

preoperational

Papernow (2018) claims that reconstituted families after a "gray divorce" with adult children may encounter more difficulties blending together than younger parents/step-parents with younger children. What is a contributing factor for this? Adult children may verbalize their objections to the step-parent in a more straightforward fashion. Mutual trust and understanding cannot develop in step-parent/ adult child relationships Adult children may experience a clash of loyalties more deeply. Relationships, and previously patterns of interaction have formed over a longer period of time

relationships and previously patterns of interactions have formed over a longer period of time

Molly views herself as a kind and generous person, who is empathetic towards others and capable of helping others in need. This is Molly's: Exaggerated sense of self. Social self. Looking-glass self. Self-concept.

self concept

Shaelynn is a 4 year old girl. Mealtimes in her house tend to be negative, and often involve tensions and her parents arguing. How is this likely to affect Shaelynn? The effects of the negative atmosphere will only be short-term. She is likely to develop problems eating and digesting food due to stress. The atmosphere at mealtime is not likely to have any affect on her. She is likely to learn to block out the negative atmosphere.

she is likely to develop problems eating and digesting food due to stress

Steven's mom just lost her job and she's not sure how she's going to make ends meet. Lately, Steven hasn't had much reassurance he'll get enough food to eat on a daily basis. What type of stress is this most likely to be? indirect stress sositive stress tolerable stress toxic stress

sositive stress

Which of the following is true about the effects of heroin use during pregnancy? The baby can only develop an addiction if exposed during the first few weeks of prenatal development. The baby can only develop an addiction if exposed during the final few weeks of prenatal development. The baby could be born with a heroin addiction. The baby cannot develop an addiction to heroin.

the baby could be born with a heroin addiction

Jacqueline just found out that she is pregnant. She is aware that exposure to harmful substances can damage her baby. During which period of prenatal development is the baby most vulnerable to damage if exposed to harmful substances? the embryonic period the germinal period the fetal period vulnerability is the same throughout prenatal development

the embryonic period

The decline in relationship satisfaction over time has been explained as "a return to a hedonic set-point". How is the latter understood? The idea that individual happiness is largely set by the wider society of which we are part. An idea associated with classical utilitarian social philosophy The idea that people have a baseline of personal happiness that is largely set by personality traits, and that they will return to this baseline regardless of positive and negative events in their life. The idea that human happiness is solely the result of hormonal process in the body

the idea that people have a baseline of personal happiness that is largely set by persoanlity traits and that thye will return to this baseline regardless of positie and negative events in their life

Which of the following describes the difference between the authority stage and the interpretative stage of parenthood? The parental role changes from developing an attachment relationship with the child, to creating rules and guiding behavior. The parental role changes from renegotiating their relationship with the child, to evaluating their parental successes and failures. The parental role changes from creating rules and guiding behavior, to helping their children interpret their social experiences. The parental role changes from helping their children interpret their social experiences, to creating rules and guiding behavior.

the parental role changes from creating rules and guiding behavior to helping their children interpret their soical experiences

Zaria and Kalvin recently received the results of the prenatal screening conducted for their unborn baby. They were provided with a risk score. What does a risk score tell expecting parents about their baby? the probability of the baby having autism the type of birth defect that the baby could have the probability of a birth defect being present the probability of the baby having down syndrome

the probability of a birth defect being present

Labeling a child as learning disabled can lead to the child lacking self-confidence and performing poorly in school. What is this phenomenon called? General adaptation syndrome Confirmation bias Expectation fulfillment The self-fulfilling prophecy

the self fulfilling propechy