Lifetime Chapter 8

_____ is the USDA food guidance system developed to help Americans put the Dietary Guidelines into action and make healthy food choices.

MyPlate

How does MyPlate function? a It guides you in using the five food groups to build a healthy meal. b. It recommends healthy meals for each meal of the day, complete with recipes. c. It helps you track your caloric intake by meal. d. It is a combination calorie and exercise tracker.

a It guides you in using the five food groups to build a healthy meal.

Select all that apply Two major roles of fat in the body are to a protect organs. b. supply energy. c. repair tissue. d. regulate body function.

a protect organs. b. supply energy.

Which of the following count as 1 cup from the MyPlate dairy group? a. 1 cup low-fat milk b. 1-1/2 ounces natural cheese c. 3 ounces processed cheese d. 1 cup yogurt

a. 1 cup low-fat milk b. 1-1/2 ounces natural cheese d. 1 cup yogurt

According to MyPlate guidelines, how many cups of milk or its equivalent should a person on a 2,000-calorie diet consume each day? a. 3 b. 4 c. none d. 2

a. 3

The Daily Values are a simplified version of the a. Recommended Dietary Allowance. b. Adequate Intake. c. Tolerable Upper Intake Level. d. Estimated Average Requirement.

a. Recommended Dietary Allowance.

True or false: Carbohydrates are used as fuel by the body during high-intensity exercise. a. True b. False

a. True

_____ is important for bone growth but an excess of it can actually trigger bone loss. a. Vitamin A b. Vitamin C c. Vitamin D d. Vitamin B-12

a. Vitamin A

Select all that apply Which of the following are dietary supplements? a. enzymes b. flavored water c. herbs d. aspirin e. vitamins

a. enzymes c. herbs e. vitamins

Select all that apply Which of the following may increase free radical production? a. experiencing stress b. smoking cigarettes c. eating vegetables d. breathing in car exhaust

a. experiencing stress b. smoking cigarettes d. breathing in car exhaust

Select all that apply What are the classes of essential nutrients that supply energy? a. fat b. vitamins c. protein d. carbohydrates e. water f. minerals

a. fat c. protein d. carbohydrates

The liver stores glucose in the form of a starch called a. glycogen. b. glucose. c. lactose. d. maltose.

a. glycogen.

Select all that apply Whole-grain foods help protect the body against a. heart disease. b. cancer. c. diabetes. d. mental health problems.

a. heart disease. b. cancer. c. diabetes.

Select all that apply Potential side effects of St. John's Wort include which of the following? a. increased skin sensitivity to sunlight b. decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives c. bleeding due to anticoagulant effects d. decreased effectiveness of drugs used to treat HIV infection

a. increased skin sensitivity to sunlight b. decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives d. decreased effectiveness of drugs used to treat HIV infection

Which of the following is an example of functional food? a. iodized salt b. organic apples c. raw milk d. freshly squeezed orange juice

a. iodized salt

Select all that apply In the MyPlate guidelines, the dairy group includes a. lactose-free products. b. milk products. c. eggs. d. legumes like beans.

a. lactose-free products. b. milk products.

Substances may be added to food to a. modify their taste or appearance. b. maintain freshness. c. mask pathogens. d. decrease food sensitivity.

a. modify their taste or appearance. b. maintain freshness.

Select all that apply Chris can incorporate whole grains in his diet by choosing to purchase ______ at the grocery store. a. oatmeal b. whole wheat cereal c. brown rice d. enriched flour spaghetti e. wheat bread f. white bread

a. oatmeal b. whole wheat cereal c. brown rice

A disease-causing microorganism that contaminates food, usually from improper handling, is called a a. pathogen. b. syndrome. c. mutagen. d. disorder.

a. pathogen.

Fiber is a term for nondigestible a. plant carbohydrates. b. amino acids. c. triglycerides. d. simple sugars.

a. plant carbohydrates.

If dietary supplements were regulated in the same way as FDA-approved medications, they would be required to a. show quality control during manufacturing. b. have a standard cost. c. have a single standard size or dosage. d. show proof of purity. e. be standardized for potency.

a. show quality control during manufacturing. d. show proof of purity. e. be standardized for potency.

Carbohydrates are classified as either a. simple or complex. b. sugars or fiber. c. starches or fiber. d. starches or sugars.

a. simple or complex.

Select all that apply Which of the following are essential major minerals? a. sodium b. potassium c. calcium d. iron e. zinc

a. sodium b. potassium c. calcium

Select all that apply Presently, pregnant and breastfeeding women are often encouraged to a. take a nutrient supplement. b. follow a special diet. c. eat and drink whatever they want. d. drink alcohol to make pregnancy easier.

a. take a nutrient supplement. b. follow a special diet.

Food labels on processed foods in the United States must indicate a. the serving size for the food. b. when the food was packaged. c. the date of the processing plant's last inspection. d. the farm the food came from.

a. the serving size for the food.

Select all that apply Clothilde is interested in eating healthier, and saving money, and wants to decrease her meat consumption. She's worried about adequate protein intake, though, and is looking for alternatives. Which of the following are recommended? a. tofu b. quinoa c. potatoes d. bananas e. cottage cheese

a. tofu b. quinoa e. cottage cheese

Select all that apply In the DRI standards, when is an Adequate Intake (AI) set? a. when there is not enough available information to set a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) b. when the nutrient is considered unimportant c. when there is no Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) e. All nutrients have an AI as an alternative to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

a. when there is not enough available information to set a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Select all that apply Which of the following count as 1 ounce-equivalent from the MyPlate grains group? a. 2 6-inch tortillas b. 1 cup cereal flakes c. 1 slice of bread d. 1 cup cooked pasta

b. 1 cup cereal flakes c. 1 slice of bread

The Dietary Guidelines recommendation for saturated fat intake is to limit consumption to less than _____ of total calories per day. a. 5% b. 10% c. 12% d. 15%

b. 10%

In the average American diet, what percentage of total energy intake is represented by added sugars? a. less than 10 percent b. 13-17 percent c. 18-23 percent d. more than 25 percent

b. 13-17 percent

About how many grams of carbohydrate is required daily to meet the body's need for essential carbohydrate? a. 30 grams b. 130 grams c. 300 grams d. 2300 grams

b. 130 grams

The Dietary Guidelines recommends that Americans consume less than _____ per day of sodium. a. 1,200 mg b. 2,300 mg c. 3,400 mg d. 5,000 mg

b. 2,300 mg

Of the vitamins that humans need, how many are fat soluble? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 9

b. 4 (A, D, E, and K are fat soluble)

If you weigh 145 pounds, your protein intake goal should be about _____ grams per day. a. 39 (Reason: Multiply 145 x 0.36.) b. 52 c. 61 (Reason: Multiply 145 x 0.36.) d. 45 (Reason: Multiply 145 x 0.36.)

b. 52

Select all that apply Which of the following are examples of added sugars? a. Carlos eats an extra large serving of grapes because he really enjoys the sweetness. b. A cookie manufacturer adds high-fructose corn syrup to its chocolate chip cookies. c. Karen adds two teaspoons of white sugar to her coffee. d. Priya thinks that whole milk is so sweet that she only drinks it occasionally.

b. A cookie manufacturer adds high-fructose corn syrup to its chocolate chip cookies. c. Karen adds two teaspoons of white sugar to her coffee.

_____ is not an essential nutrient but does supply energy. a. Protein b. Alcohol c. Fat d. Water

b. Alcohol

True or false: Meat, fish, dairy, and eggs are prohibited from being designated organic. a. True b. False

b. False

The most frequent causes of foodborne infection and hospitalizations are which of the following? a. Campylobacter jejuni b. Salmonella c. E. coli d. norovirus

b. Salmonella d. norovirus

Which of the following best defines functional foods? a. They are foods that are grown according to strict environmental standards. b. They are foods that contain components that may provide positive health benefits. c. They are foods that pay special attention to sodium and other nutrients. d. They are foods that derive their nutrients from organic fats.

b. They are foods that contain components that may provide positive health benefits.

The most common food additives are sugar, salt, and a. sulfites. b. corn syrup. c. monosodium glutamate (MSG). d. grain alcohol.

b. corn syrup.

Select all that apply What does fiber in the diet do? a. causes constipation b. facilitates elimination c. provides bulk in feces d. increases the glycemic index

b. facilitates elimination c. provides bulk in feces

A low intake of _____ increases a woman's chance of giving birth to a baby with a neural tube defect. a. selenium b. folate c. vitamin D d. vitamin A

b. folate

To be certified as organic, foods must be produced and handled under strict guidelines related to the type and use of a. water. b. hormones. c. sunlight. d. antioxidants. e. pesticides. f. antibiotics.

b. hormones. e. pesticides. f. antibiotics.

The DASH diet was specifically designed for those with a. a very physically active lifestyle. b. hypertension. c. diabetes. d. mostly plant-based diets.

b. hypertension.

Which of the following are primarily sources of complex carbohydrates, such as starch? a. apples b. lentils c. yams d. oats

b. lentils c. yams d. oats

Which of the following can be particularly good sources of daily water intake? a. carbohydrates b. liquids c. fruits d. vegetables e. proteins

b. liquids c. fruits d. vegetables

Select all that apply Consumers of supplements can get reliable or consistent information about supplements from a. listening to their friends' personal experiences taking the supplements. b. reading supplements' labels. c. talking with their doctor or dietitian. d. watching commercials for the supplements.

b. reading supplements' labels. c. talking with their doctor or dietitian.

The two forms of complex carbohydrates are dietary fiber and a. glucose. (Reason:Glucose is a simple carbohydrate.) b. starches. c. honey. d. stevia.

b. starches.

For people who choose to consume alcohol, the Dietary Guidelines recommend limiting intake to moderate levels, meaning a. up to two drinks per day for both women and men. b. up to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men. c. up to two drinks per day for women and three drinks per day for men. d. up to one drink per day for both women and men.

b. up to one drink per day for women and two drinks per day for men.

When did calorie information for restaurants and vending machines become a requirement? a. 2015 b. 2017 c. 2018 d. It has not yet become a requirement but is slated to take effect in 2022.

c. 2018

The AMDR for carbohydrates is _____ of daily calories. a. 25 to 35 percent b. 35 to 45 percent c. 45 to 65 percent d. 75 percent or more

c. 45 to 65 percent

Recommended daily intake of water from beverages is ______ for women and ______ for men. a. 6 cups; 10 cups b. 8 cups; 8 cups c. 9 cups; 13 cups d. 10 cups; 15 cups

c. 9 cups; 13 cups

Select all that apply Useful tools created by scientific and government groups for people who would like to have good nutrition include which of the following? a. Crossfit b. Atkins Diet c. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) d. Dietary Guidelines for Americans e. MyPlate

c. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) d. Dietary Guidelines for Americans e. MyPlate

Select all that apply Which of the following are part of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? a. Dietary Approaches to Stop b. Hypertension (DASH) c. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) d. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) e. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) f. Adequate Intake (AI) g. Daily Value (DV)

c. Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) d. Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) e. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) f. Adequate Intake (AI)

_____ are inorganic elements that the body needs in relatively small amounts that aid in numerous body functions. a. Antioxidants b. Simple sugars c. Minerals d. Vitamins

c. Minerals

Essential nutrients are called essential because your body a. is born with all of the nutrients it needs and does not need to acquire more. b. must acquire these nutrients from supplements, the only source of nutrients. (Reason: Supplements are not the only source of nutrients; the body is able to manufacture some of the nutrients it needs.) c. cannot manufacture them quickly enough to meet your physiological needs. d. can manufacture them fast enough to meet your physiological needs.

c. cannot manufacture them quickly enough to meet your physiological needs.

The most common food additives are sugar, salt, and a. sulfites. b. grain alcohol. c. corn syrup. d. monosodium glutamate (MSG).

c. corn syrup.

Select all that apply Irradiation is used in food processing to a. add color to food. b. make food attractive. c. extend shelf life. d. reduce spoilage. e. exterminate harmful pathogens.

c. extend shelf life. d. reduce spoilage. e. exterminate harmful pathogens.

Sucrose and fructose are examples of a. dietary fiber. b. starches. c. simple carbohydrates. d. complex carbohydrates.

c. simple carbohydrates.

The DASH diet pays special attention to limiting a. alcohol. b. dietary fiber. c. sodium. d. red meat.

c. sodium.

People need carbohydrates in their diets because carbohydrates a. carry electrical signals. b. transform into bone. c. supply energy to cells. d. convert to fat.

c. supply energy to cells.

Protein intake goals can be calculated by multiplying your body weight in pounds by a. 3.06. b. .036. c. 0.63. d. 0.36.

d. 0.36.

Why are there few irradiated foods on the market? a. The process is not yet considered safe by most regulatory agencies. b. The process is not endorsed by the World Health Organization. c. The side effects are worse than the benefits. d. Consumers are resistant and skeptical.

d. Consumers are resistant and skeptical.

_______ are electron-seeking compounds that can react with DNA, proteins, and fats, potentially mutating genes and damaging cell membranes. a. Minerals b. Antioxidants c. Phytochemicals d. Free radicals

d. Free radicals

Suriya is a college student on a limited budget, but she wants to try to make healthier food choices. Which of the following would you recommend she do? a. Research which frozen meals are the most cost-effective. b. Avoid buying pasta and canned foods in bulk to prevent waste. c. Use "semi-prepared" foods, like pre-cut and washed bagged salads and other ingredients. d. Plan trips to the grocery store, including ingredients needed for a couple of meals.

d. Plan trips to the grocery store, including ingredients needed for a couple of meals.

Glucose is a. a complex carbohydrate stored in the liver. b. the edible portion of a grain. c. a measure of how a particular food affects blood sugar levels. d. a simple sugar that is the body's basic fuel.

d. a simple sugar that is the body's basic fuel.

Whole grain foods include which of the following? a. fortified wheat bread b. enriched rice c. unbleached flour d. brown rice

d. brown rice

Compared to fruit juice, whole fruits often have more a. processed material. b. calories. c. sugar. d. fiber.

d. fiber.

Which of the following foods does not require a nutrition label in the United States? a. a bottle of orange juice b. frozen turkey c. canned pineapples d. fresh spinach

d. fresh spinach

Irina eats plant foods, dairy products, and eggs, but no meat. This makes Irina a a. lacto-vegetarian. b. vegan. c. omnivore. d. lacto-ovo-vegetarian.

d. lacto-ovo-vegetarian.

Compared with fruit drinks, fruit juice usually has a. more added sugar. (Reason: Fruit drinks contain more added sugar.) b. less potassium. c. fewer nutrients. d. more nutrients.

d. more nutrients.

isease-causing microorganism that contaminates food, usually from improper handling, is called a a. disorder. b. syndrome. c. mutagen. d. pathogen.

d. pathogen.

What is the standard for the Estimate Average Requirement (EAR) in the DRIs? a. the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of healthy adults between the ages of 25 and 55 b. the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of healthy adults between the ages of 30 and 60 c. the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of healthy 25-year-old males and females d. the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

d. the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group

Organic compounds required by the body to regular cellular processes are _____

vitamins