Linguistics Chapter 12
Noah Webster's two dictionaries
A Grammatical Institute of the English Language (1783); American Dictionary (1828)
Inflection
Adding a symbol to a word
Pidgin
An artificial language used for trade between speakers of different languages
Lexis
Another word for Vocabulary in Latin
William Cachsten
Brought printing press over from Brussels and made language more universal to everyone
Golden Triangle of English
Cambridge, Oxford, London
Claques
Combined nouns
Gullah
Creole Language: Based on English with influences from West and Central African Languages
Essays
Developed by women writing letters
Creole
Language that arises from contact between two other languages and has features of both
Aspect-Verb Languages
Language with verbs defining habitual occurrence
Lexicon
List of Vocabulary in a language
Johnson's Dictionary was based on
Literary principals
"Hello Girls"
Phone operators who guys would hit on
Polysemy
Same word with different definitions
Induction
Samples to generalization
Anchor Documents
Search for primary documents of a language
Extension in Lexus
Synonyms, Homonyms, Polysemy
Diachronic variation
The effect on language over time
Homonyms
Words sound the same
Synonyms
Words that have the same meaning
Signifyin
a good-natured needling or ironic goading especially among urban blacks by means of indirect gibes and clever often preposterous put-downs
Idiom
a language, dialect, or style of speaking peculiar to a people
Etymological dictionary
dictionary with word heritages
Vernacular
every day speech of ordinary speakers (not literary or from a profession)
Deduction
generalization to samples
Syntactic change
grammar change
Tense-Verb Languages
language with verbs indicating sequenced temporal occurrence or when in time periods something has occurred (e.g. distant past, past, present, future, or distant future)
Orthography
methods of representing the sounds of language through textual symbols
Semantic (and socioculture) change
new words and new meanings
Nominative nouns
nouns as a subject of a sentence
Accusative nouns
nouns as direct objects
Dative nouns
nouns as indirect objects
Genitive nouns
nouns showing possession
Morphological change
parts of a word change
Orthoepists
reform efforts focusing on correct pronunciation and speech
Parataxis
rhetorical term for phrases or clauses arranged independently: a coordinate, rather than a subordinate, construction.
Phonetic change
sounds change
Philologies
study of languages
Phonetics
study of sounds of human speech
Morphology
the identification, analysis and description of the structure of a given language'
Synchronic variation
variation in the language at the same time: dialects
Imperative verbs
verbs in command
Subjunctive verbs
verbs in passive voice
Indicative verbs
verbs in standard, simple present tense