Linux Network Administration Test 2

daemon​

A Linux system process that provides a system service.

disk mirroring

A RAID configuration consisting of two identical hard disks to which identical data are written in parallel, thus ensuring fault tolerance. Also known as RAID 1.

disk striping​

A RAID configuration in which a single file is divided into sections, which are then written to different hard disks concurrently to speed up access time; this type of RAID is not fault tolerant. Also known as RAID 0.​

​Internet SCSI

A SCSI technology that transfers data via TCP/IP networks.

target unit​

A Systemd term that is used to describe the number and type of daemons running on a Linux system. It is functionally equivalent to the UNIX SysV term runlevel .

runlevel​

A UNIX SysV term that defines a certain type and number of daemons on a Linux system.​

UNIX Sys V​

A UNIX standard that is used to provide the structure of the system initialization process on Linux systems.

True

A computer connected to a remote hard disk via iSCSI is referred to as an iSCSI initiator.

terminator

A device used to terminate an electrical conduction medium to absorb the transmitted signal and prevent signal bounce.

Standard Output (stdout)

A file descriptor that represents the desired output from a command.

cron table​

A file specifying tasks to be run by the cron daemon​

Zettabyte File System (ZFS)

A high-performance filesystem and volume management software that is often used to create volumes from multiple storage devices on Linux and UNIX systems.

parent process

A process that has started other processes.

​child process

A process that was started by another process.

​upstart

A recent version of the UNIX SysV system initialization process used on modern Linux distributions.

​Systemd

A relatively new software framework used on Linux systems that provides a system initialization process and system management functions.

decision construct​

A special construct used in a shell script to alter the flow of the program based on the outcome of a command or contents of a variable. Common decision constructs include if, case, &&, and ||.

​daemon process

A system process that is not associated with a terminal.

iSCSI target​

A term that refers to a storage device within an iSCSI SAN.

process ID (PID)

A unique identifier assigned to every process as it begins.

​counter variable

A variable that is altered by loop constructs to ensure that commands are not executed indefinitely.

True

After a process has been started, you can change its priority by using the renice command.

grub-mkconfig

After modifying the /etc/default/grub file, what command should be run to rebuild the grub config files?​

True

Any command that can be executed on the command line can also be placed inside any environment file.

target ID

Each SCSI device attached to a system must be assigned an ID number. What is this ID number called?

True

Each process can start an unlimited number of other processes.

False

Given the syntax command && command, the command on the left of the && construct is executed only if the command on the right of the && construct completed successfully.

64

How many different kill signals can be sent by the kill command to a given process?

segmentation fault

If a Linux installation ends abnormally and the screen displays a fatal signal 11 error, what type of error has occurred?

True

If the /etc/at.allow and /etc/at.deny files do not exist, only the root user is allowed to schedule tasks using the at daemon.

​/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

In Fedora 20, where are user configured settings for Xorg stored?​

2

In Linux, what runlevel is also known as the multiuser mode?

7

In a SCSI chain the highest priority SCSI device is given what SCSI ID?

sixth

In a cron table entry, what field specifies the absolute pathname to a command that is to be executed?

elif,else

In an if construct, what statements are optional?​

system-config-keyboard

In order to change keyboard layout if X Windows can't detect the layout, you should use what CLI command?

-l

In order to display a list of at job IDs, what option can be specified to the at command?

​zfs get all

In order to list all configuration parameters that can be modified for a subfilesystem, what command should be issued?​

1024

In some cases, the installation process fails to place a boot loader on the hard disk properly; this is often caused by hard drives with over what number of cylinders?

​(hd0,0)

In standard GRUB notation, select the option below that represents the first hard drive in a system, and the first partition on that hard drive.​

image=

In the /etc/lilo.conf file, what keyword should be specified in order to provide the absolute pathname to the Linux kernel?

15

Most Parallel SCSI controllers are capable of supporting up to how many devices?

​chkconfig

On Linux systems that use the traditional ​UNIX SysV init, what command below can be used to list and modify the runlevels that a daemon is started in?

​/var/spool/at

On a Fedora based system, where are the shell environment and scheduled commands for at stored?​

xvidtune

Once X Windows is configured, what command can be used to fine tune the vertical and horizontal refresh rate?

True

RAID level 6 is basically the same as RAID level 5, but it adds a second set of parity bits for added fault tolerance ​and allows up to two simultaneous hard disk drive failures while remaining fault tolerant.

True

SCSI devices that act as a gateway are associated with a unique Logical Unit Number (LUN)​

​turn off CPU cache memory, increase the number of memory wait states in BIOS

Segmentation faults can sometimes be fixed by performing what two tasks below?​

\f

Select the escape sequence that is used for a form feed:

​\n

Select the escape sequence that starts a new line when used with echo:

|

Select the metacharacter that can be used to send the standard output of one command to another command as standard input:

​wc -l,wc -c

Select the two commands below that will provide the number of lines in a file, and the number of characters in a file, respectively:​

​\t,\v

Select the two escape sequences that represent a horizontal tab and a vertical tab, respectively:​

append=,boot=

Select the two keywords that can be used in the lilo.conf file in order to specify where LILO should be installed, and what parameters should be passed to the Linux kernel when loaded:​

​metacity,mutter

Select the two window managers that have been used in GNOME:​

overclocked

Term used to describe a CPU that runs faster than the clock speed for which it has been rated.​

fault tolerant

Term used to describe a device that exhibits a minimum of downtime in the event of a failure.​

​4 GB

The GUI components and related software take up how much space on a typical Linux installation?

​kwin,Qt toolkit

The K desktop environment utilizes what window manager and toolkit below?​

​forking

The act of creating a new BASH shell child process from a parent BASH shell process.

​time slice

The amount of time a process is given on a CPU in a multiprocessing operating system.

background command​

The command used to run a foreground process in the background.​

X server

The component of X Windows that draws graphics to windows on the terminal screen.

​X client

The component of X Windows that requests graphics to be drawn from the X server and displays them on the terminal screen.

echo $PS1

The default BASH shell prompt is set by an environment variable. What command can be used to view this variable?

​mutter window manager

The default window manager for the GNOME Desktop Environment in Fedora 13

127

The first software RAID volume on a system will​ use a multiple disk device file that starts with what number?

False

The killall command uses the PID to kill a process.

GRUB​

The most common boot loader used on Linux systems. It loads and executes the Linux kernel at boot time.

​file descriptors

The numeric labels used to define command input and command output.

​active partition

The partition searched for an operating system after the MBR/GPT.​

trapping

The process of ignoring a kill signal.​

​zpool status,zpool iostat

The ​state and performance of a RAID-Z volume can be viewed using what two commands?

False

To prevent a file from being cleared by the BASH shell and append output to the existing output, you can specify three > metacharacters alongside the file descriptor.

/boot

Under what directory is the Linux kernel stored?

SCSI-3 Ultra2 Wide

What SCSI type supports speeds of up to 80 MB/second?

​parent process ID

What can be used on a Linux system to trace the lineage of each child process?​

​#!

What character combination at the start of a shell script are referred to as a hashpling, and allow for the specification of the shell that interprets the contents of the script?

colon

What character is used to delimit most Linux configuration files?

&

What character, when appended to a command, causes the command to be run in the background?

lilo -U

What command below can be used to uninstall the LILO bootloader from an active partition?​

​pstree

What command below is used to display the lineage of a process by tracing its PPIDs until the init daemon?​

​grubby

What command can be used to configure the LILO, ELILO, GRUB, and GRUB2 bootloaders?​

tr

What command can be used to replace characters in a file sent via Standard Input?

​mdadm

What command is used to manage a software RAID configuration after installation?​

/etc/profile

What environment file is always executed immediately after login for all users on the system, and sets most environment variables, such as HOME and PATH?

​/etc/systemd/system/default.target

What file controls the default runlevel when using Systemd?​

ioports

What file in the /proc directory contains a list of memory address ranges reserved for device use?

​/proc/cpuinfo

What file in the /proc directory contains information about a computer's CPU?​

​modules

What file under the proc directory contains information regarding what modules are currently loaded into the Linux kernel?​

​graphical.target

What is the default target on a system with a GUI installed?​

​ZFS volume

What is the term for a ZFS managed filesystem that is created from ZFS pools?​

​quiet

What keyword tells the Linux kernel to avoid printing errors to the screen during system startup?​

​SIGINT,2

What kill signal and number can be used to send an interrupt signal to a process, and is the same as using the Ctrl+c combination to kill a running process?​

SIGHUP

What kill signal stops a process, then restarts it with the same PID?

​127

What number indicates the lowest kernel priority (PRI) of a process possible?​

2

What number represents the stderr file descriptor?

0

What number represents the stdin file descriptor?

​!

What operator below is known as the NOT operator?

-e

What option can be used with the ps command to display an entire list of processes across all terminals and including daemons?

-e

What option, when added to the crontab command, opens the vi editor with a user's cron table?

read and execute

What permissions are required to execute a shell script in a manner similar to any other executable program on the system?

Stage1

What stage of the GRUB boot loader typically resides on the MBR / GPT?

​iSCSI initiator,iSCSI target

What terms describe a computer connected to a remote hard disk via iSCSI, and the remote hard disk?

kill​,killall

What two commands below can be used to stop a process, either by PID number or process name?​

​/etc/profile,/etc/bashrc

What two files below are the first two BASH environment files to be executed?​

​init,systemd

What two processes below will show up as PID 1, depending on whether a system uses UNIX SysV or Systemd init processes?

​compiz,beryl​

What two window managers is the Compiz Fusion window manager based upon?​

%

When killing a background job with the kill command, the background job ID must be prefixed by what character below?

+

When there are multiple background processes executing in the shell, the jobs command indicates the most recent one with which symbol?

​The process is high priority.

When viewing the output of the ps ax​ command, what does a < symbol in the STAT column indicate for a process?

service

Which command below can be used to start, stop, or restart any daemons in the /etc/init.d directory?

wc

Which command can be used to count the number lines, words, and characters in a file?

SIGQUIT

Which kill signal terminates a process by taking the process information in memory and saving it to a file called core on the hard disk in the current working directory?

​bit rot,misdirected writes

Which two problems below are typically seen on large systems that write large amounts of data to a non-ZFS filesystem?​

False

You are limited to using one pipe | metacharacter on the command line to pipe information from one command to another command.

​/var/log/boot.log

You are troubleshooting an issue that occurs on a Linux system during the boot process. What file can be viewed on most Linux systems to see processes that started successfully or unsuccessfully specifically during the boot process?​

True

You can use a small bootable Linux kernel (such as on a LiveCD) to fix problems related to the following: the boot loader; filesystems and partitions; the configuration file; and drivers.

True

You can use the sed command to remove unwanted lines of text.

False

Zombie processes are also known as defunct processes.​

​RAID-Z

​A ZFS volume that uses a variable stripe size and requires a minimum of three hard disks to protect against single disk failure is known as:

Standard Error (stderr)

​A file descriptor that represents any error messages generated by a command.

​Standard Input (stdin)

​A file descriptor that represents information input to a command during execution.

loop construct​

​A special construct used in a shell script to execute commands repetitively. Common decision constructs include for and while.

​spanning

​A type of RAID level 0 that allows two or more devices to be represented as a single large volume.

​The process is currently running on the processor.

​In the process state column, what does an "R" indicate?

​chroot

​Select the command that can be used to change the root filesystem to a different directory, such as when in a rescue environment.

at command

​The command used to schedule commands and tasks to run at a preset time in the future.

​hashpling

​The first line in a shell script, which defines the shell that will be used to interpret the commands in the script file.

False

​The minimum height of a rackmount server is 2 inches; this is called a 1U server.

​redirection

​The process of changing the default locations of Standard Input, Standard Output, and Standard Error.

​environment variables

​The variables that store information commonly accessed by the system or programs executing on the system; together, these variables form the user environment.

​for

​What construct is intended for use in processing a list of objects, such as files, directories, users, printers, and so on?

​PWD,SHELL

​What two BASH environment variables represent the current working directory, and the absolute pathname of the current shell, respectively?

​RAID5,​RAID6

​What two RAID types below utilize disk striping with parity, providing protection against one or two drive failures respectively?

​-f,-l

​What two ps options can be used to display a full list of information about each process, and a long list of information about each process?