Linux Review

Insert mode, which lets you enter text, is accessed by typing the letter ____ after the vi editor is started.

"i"

UNIX/Linux systems interpret ____ to mean the parent directory.

..

To execute a program in your current directory, what would you type in front of the program name?

./

Suppose you have extracted the files from software archive and are in the directory into which the files have been extracted. To create a Makefile with all the default values you would type___________

./configure

The ____ directory contains executables, which are the programs needed to start the system and perform other essential system tasks.

/bin

The ____ directory contains the kernel (operating system) images.

/boot

The ____ directory contains configuration files that the system uses when the computer starts.

/etc

If you plan to have multiple users access a system, you can create a ____ partition, which is the home directory for all users' directories.

/home

The ____ directory holds files that are created temporarily, such as files used for printing documents (spool files)

/tmp

The ____ directory holds files that change in size, such as file used to record monitoring and administration data, often called log files.

/var

Using the octal permission format, chmod ____________________ data, assigns read,write, and execute to owner; execute to group; and execute to other.

711

When editing a text file with vi, if you want to save your changes and exit right away, you can use ____ or ZZ from command mode.

:wq

To append output to an existing file, you use ____.

>>

Linux uses the freeware ____ shell as its default command interpreter.

Bash

Stephen Bourne at AT&T Bell Labs developed the ____ shell as the first UNIX command processor.

Bourne

To log out of UNIX/Linux (Bourne, Korn, or Bash shells) you can type "exit" on the command line or press ____.

Ctrl+d

If you plan to have multiple users accessing your system, you should consider having a /var partition in which to store some or all of the nonkernel operating system programs that are accessed by users.

False

In vi, a tilde (~) precedes all line-oriented commands.

False

The less command scrolls only down, whereas more enables you to scroll down and up.

False

UNIX/Linux commands are not case sensitive.

False

You use the chexec command to indicate that a (shell script) file can be executed.

False

To increment the integer varialbe N by 1 you would type

N=$[$N+1] N=$((N+1))

After you install Git and prior to issuing the first commit, which two configuration properties does git expect to be configured?

Name and email address

The ____________________ variable provides a list of directory locations where UNIX or Linux looks to find executable scripts or programs.

PATH

To add the directory "/home/bin" to your PATH, you would type

PATH="$PATH:/home/bin"

A directory is a special kind of file that can contain other files and directories.

True

Most shells keep a list of your recently used commands and allow you to recall a command without retyping it.

True

The clear command has no options or arguments.

True

The command cd source uses relative path addressing.

True

The rm -r command can be used to delete a directory that is not empty.

True

UNIX/Linux systems interpret a single dot character to mean the current working directory.

True

A(n) ____ path begins at the root level and lists all subdirectories to the destination file.

absolute

You can use the ____ command to show the system calendar.

cal

The ____ statement simplifies the selection of a match when you have a list of choices.

case

The command to view the contents of a small file is

cat

To display the contents of the "if.sh" wile with line numbers, you would type

cat -n if.sh

To navigate the UNIX/Linux directory structure, you use the ____ command.

cd

to change directory from your current directory to your parent directory you would type

cd ..

You can change the pattern of permission settings by using the ____ command.

chmod

to modify file permissions, use the _____________ command

chmod

____ gives the owner read, write, and execute permissions.

chmod 755

To determine whether two files are different, not how they are different, then use the _____________ command

cmp

You can access vi's ex mode by pressing Esc, and then typing a(n) ____ to enter extended commands at the bottom of the screen.

colon (:)

The vi editor works in three modes: insert mode, ____ mode, and extended mode.

command

The vi editor's ____ mode is started by pressing Esc.

command

The command to copy a file is

cp

To reference a variable, you use a dollar sign ($) in front of it or enclose it in ____.

curly brackets ({ })

The UNIX/Linux ____ command displays the system date, which the system administrator maintains.

date

To see how two text files differ, use the __________ command:

diff

for COLORS in red blue green ____ echo $COLORS ____

do done

name that identifies a grouping of computer resources on a network

domain

A byte consists of ____ binary digits.

eight

The command to determine what type of contents a file contains is

file

You use the ____________________ command to loop through a range of values.

for

The root of a file system is denoted by the ____.

forward slash (/)

How do you stage files for a commit?

git add

What's the git command that downloads your repository from GitHub to your computer?

git clone

How do you supply a commit message to a commit?

git commit -m "I'm coding"

What's the git command that downloads the latest version your repository from GitHub to an existing repository on your computer?

git fetch

What's the opposite of git clone, that instead of downloading your code from GitHub, uploads your changes and code back to GitHub?

git push

To uncompress the compressed archive "software.tar.gz" you would type

gunzip software.tar.gz

to display the first 10 lines of a file, use the _____________ command

head

You can use the -a option with the ls command to list ____________________ files.

hidden

To see a list of the commands you have typed, use the_____________ command

history

another name for server

host

base operating system

kernel

To pause the display while displaying the contents of large files, you can use the _________ command

less

You use the ____ command to display a directory's contents, including files and other directories.

ls

To list all the files in your current directory, including the hidden files, but without the file permissions, use the __________ command

ls -a

To list all the files in your current directory, including the hidden files and the file permissions, use the __________ command

ls -al

To list the files in your current directory including the permissions on the files use the _____________ commmand

ls -al

To list the files in your current directory including the permissions on the files use the _____________ commmand

ls -l

large computer that has historically offered extensive processing, mass storage, and client access for industrial-strength computing

mainframe

Once the Makefile has been created, you can build the software by using the ________ command.

make

To verify that there were no errors when building software from a Makefile, you can use the command

make check

The command to create a directory is

mkdir

UNIX and Linux are ____ systems, which allow one user to execute more than one program at a time.

multitasking

UNIX/Linux are ____ systems, which let many people simultaneously access and share the resources of a server computer.

multiuser

to change the name of file1 to file2 you would type

mv file1 file2

To move the file hello.sh from your current directory into a subdirectory named bin you would type

mv hello.sh bin

combines the convenience and familiarity of the personal computer with the ability to share files and other computer resources

network

The command to change your password is ________________

passwd

You can change your password, if necessary, by using the ____ command, but you must know your current password to change it.

passwd

In shell scripts, comment lines begin with a(n) ____.

pound (#) symbol

If you have configured your prompt so that it does not show your working directory, you can use the ____ command to verify in what directory you are located, along with the directory path.

pwd

The command to display the name of your current directory is

pwd

The ________ command stores the user's input in a variable

read

the command to remove a directory that contains files and/or subdirectories is

rm -rf

To remove a file named "data" from your current directory you would type

rm data

The command to remove an empty directory is

rmdir

The username of the system administrator is ________

root

account that has complete access to a UNIX/Linux system

root

You can type more than one command on the command line by separating commands with a ____.

semicolon (;)

provides multiuser access to network resources

server

With no options, ____ displays the current listing of Bash environment and shell script variables.

set

interface between the user and the operating system

shell

____________________ are text files that contain sequences of UNIX/Linux commands.

shell scripts

Suppose you have built a software package from a Makefile and verified that there were no errors. To install the software in a directory for which you do not have write permission you would type

sudo make install

The system administrator is also called the ____________________, because the system administrator has unlimited permission to alter the system.

superuser

To display the last 10 lines of a file, use the __________ command

tail

To extract the individual files from the archive "software.tar" you would type

tar -xvf software.tar

The head and tail commands, allow you to view the first few or last few lines of a file (____ lines by default).

ten

device that has a monitor and keyboard, but no CPU

terminal

Computer files containing nothing but printable characters are called ____ files.

text

echo -n " What is my favorite color? " read COLOR if [ "$COLOR" = "red" ] _____ echo "You guessed the right one!" else echo "No, that's not it." fi

then

A ____ is used to refer to the user's home directory.

tilde (~)

In the vi editor, lines containing a(n) ____ are not part of the file; they indicate lines on the screen only.

tilde (~)

The ____ is shorthand for the home directory, which typically has the same name as the user's account name.

tilde (~)

A user with email address [email protected] would configure her email address in git by typing git config --global __________ [email protected]

user.email

A user named Jane Doe would configure git with her name by typing : git config --global __________ "Jane Doe"

user.name

To use vi to create a new file named "if.sh" you would type

vi if.sh

To display statistical information about a file, including the number of lines, words, and characters in the file, use the _____________ command:

wc

The command to download a software archive from an Internet URL is ________

wget

The ____ statement continues to loop and execute commands or statements as long as a given condition or set of conditions is true.

while

To determine information about who is logged in, you can use the ____ command.

who

To see which account you are using, use the ______ command

whoami

A(n) ____________________ is a special character that can stand for any other character or, in some cases, a group of characters.

wildcard