LIS 3784 Exam 1
single-valued
A ____ attribute can have only one value. composite simple single-valued multivalued
constraint
A(n) ____ is a restriction placed on the data. attribute entity relationship constraint
hierarchy
Classes are organized as a class ________. object system hierarchy method
person's age
A ____ could be a derived attribute. person's name person's age person's social security number person's phone number
distributed
A ____ database supports data distributed across several different sites. single-user multiuser centralized distributed
composite
A ____ identifier is composed of more than one attribute. primary foreign composite domain
data warehouse
A ________ focuses primarily on storing data used to generate information required to make tactical or strategic decisions. data warehouse workgroup database production database distributed database
segment
A ________ is the equivalent of a file system's record type. child parent segment root
database
A ________ system is composed of software, hardware, data, procedures and people. database computer software file
entity
A customer ________ would be described by attributes such as customer last name, customer first name, customer phone, customer address, and customer credit limit. relationship model constraint entity
anomaly
A data ________ develops when all of the required changes in the redundant data are not made successfully. anomaly redundancy dependence inconsistency
distributed
A database that supports data distributed across several different sites is called a(n) ________ database. workgroup enterprise desktop distributed
need not be physically stored within the database
A derived attribute ____. -must be stored physically within the database -need not be physically stored within the database -has many values -must be based on the value of three or more attributes
single-user
A desktop database is a ____ database. single-user multiuser workgroup distributed
set of one or more fields
A record consists of a ________. collection of related records set of one or more fields group of files character
intersections
A relation is a matrix consisting of a series of row and column ________. intersections models links systems
tables
A relational database is a collection of ________. field values tables common fields records
desktop
A single-user database that runs on a personal computer is called a(n) ________ database. workgroup desktop enterprise distributed
anomalies
A table that displays data redundancies most likely yields ____. consistencies anomalies fewer attributes more entities
enterprise
A(n) ____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments. desktop workgroup enterprise transactional
workgroup
A(n) ____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization. desktop workgroup enterprise transactional
entity
A(n) ____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored. attribute entity relationship constraint
attribute
A(n) ____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system. attribute entity relationship constraint
person's social security number
A(n) ____ might be represented with a single-valued attribute. person's phone number(s) car's color employee's educational background person's social security number
nonprocedural language
A(n) ________ allows the user to specify what must be done without specifying how it must be done. object-oriented language script procedural language nonprocedural language
business rule
A(n) ________ is a brief, precise, and unambiguous description of a policy, procedure, or principle within a specific organization. attribute entity constraint business rule
conceptual
A(n) ________ model is independent of both hardware and software. developmental conceptual external logical
blueprint
A(n) ________ of the overall database design is required to overcome the fact that data are viewed in different ways by different people. analysis review footprint blueprint
information
Accurate, relevant, and timely ________ is the key to good decision making. processing data information relationships
tuning
Activities that make the database perform more efficiently in terms of storage and access speed are known as performance ________. development upgrades enhancements tuning
record
All fields for a specific entity can be grouped together as a ________. record file database field
spur of the moment question
An ad hoc query is a ________. spur of the moment question question that will not return any results pre-scheduled question pre-planned question
prime
An attribute that is part of a key is known as a(n) ____ attribute. important nonprime prime entity
transactional
Another name for a production database is a ________ database. development transactional data mining warehouse
entity
As a general rule, a noun in a business rule will translate into a(n) ________ in the model. constraint entity relationship attribute
data dependence
Because all data access programs are subject to change when any of the file's data storage characteristics change (that is, changing the data type), the file system is said to exhibit ________. data dependence logical data format data independence physical data format
a detailed description of an organization's operations
Business rules are derived from ____. -a detailed description of an organization's operations -standards and practices developed over the years -managers' recommendations -governmental oversight organization standards
independence
Data ________ exists when it is possible to make changes in the data storage characteristics without affecting the application program's ability to access the data. mining integrity inconsistency independence
redundancy
Data ________ exists when the same data are stored unnecessarily at different places. dependency fragmentation redundancy inconsistency
the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of data
Data management is a discipline that focuses on ________. -the management of end users -the help items to be used by end users -the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of data -the proper generation, storage, and retrieval of information
model real-world objects or events
Data models were developed to ________. -allow DBMSs to maintain loose control over the database activities -deposit data within a single file -model real-world objects or events -keep data within multiple data repositories
the need to track data and produce required reports
Data processing (DP) specialists are in existence because of ________. -the increase in the number of computers -the need to speed up processing of data -the need to track data and produce required reports -the advent of database management system
data integrity problems
Data redundancy produces ____. slower lookups robust design efficient storage use data integrity problems
implementation
Database models can be grouped into two categories: conceptual models and ________ models. query physical logical implementation
instance
Each row in the relational table is known as an entity ________. relationship instance model attribute
Structured Query Language (SQL)
For most relational database software, the query language is ________. RDBMS 4GL String Query Language (SQL) Structured Query Language (SQL)
SQL engine
From an end-user perspective, any SQL-based relational database application involves three parts: a user interface, a set of tables stored in the database, and the ________. relationships between the tables business rules RDBMS SQL engine
rectangle
How is an entity represented in an ERD? diamond triangle circle rectangle
underlining
In a text-based ER description, primary keys are indicated by ____. bolding italics underlining a special font
method
In the OO data model, a class ________ represents a real-world action such as finding a selected PERSON's name. interface method inheritance hierarchy
determines
In the context of a database table, the statement "A ____ B" indicates that if you know the value of attribute A, you can look up the value of attribute B. contains is related to owns determines
object
In the object-oriented data model (OODM), both data and their relationships are contained in a single structure known as a(n) ________. attribute object entity constraint
primary keys
In the relational model, ____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable relations primary keys indexes logical structures
create a new query
John is working in the customer table and needs to know what customers are located in Florida. To find the information he would ________. create a new query utilize the Database Wizard create a new table create a new form
three
Normalization works through a series of stages called normal forms. For most purposes in business database design, ____ stages (foms) are as high as you need to go in the normalization process. two three four five
primary
One important inheritance characteristic is that all entity subtypes inherit their ____ key attribute from their supertype. primary natural foreign surrogate
easier database design
One of the advantages of a relational data model is ________. structural dependence easier database design complex database design conceptual complexity
information
Processed data, or ________, can be used as the foundation for decision making. raw data information queries DP
query language
The DBMS allows the user to specify what must be done, without having to specify how it is to be done, by using a(n) ________. access control security system table generator query language
conceptual
The ERD represents the ____ database as viewed by the end user. condensed physical logical conceptual
very specialized engineering and scientific
The ERDM is primarily geared to business applications, while the OODM tends to focus on ________ applications. educational personal non-commercial Internet very specialized engineering and scientific
CRS_CODE and CLASS_SECTION
The ____ attribute(s) make up the primary key in the table definition: CLASS (CRS_CODE, CLASS_SECTION, CLASS_TIME, CLASS_ROOM, PROF_NUM) -CRS_CODE -CLASS_SECTION -CRS_CODE and CLASS_SECTION -There is no primary key
specialization hierarchy
The ____ depicts the arrangement of higher-level entity supertypes (parent entities) and lower-level entity subtypes (child entities). subtype discriminator inheritance specialization hierarchy entity supertype
conceptual
The ________ model presents a global view of the entire database. logical conceptual network physical
DBMS
The ________ receives all application requests and translates them into the complex operations required to fulfill requests. DBMS workgroup DB query
constraits
The basic building blocks of all data models are entities, attributes, relationships, and ________. queries constraints business rules multiples
data warehouse
The design of a ________ database recognizes the use of historical and aggregated data. production data warehouse multiuser single-user
enhanced entity relationship model
The extended entity relationship model (EERM) is sometimes referred to as the ____. entity relationship model enhanced entity relationship model entity clustering relationship model extended entity relationship diagram
one-to-many
The hierarchical database model depicts a set of ________ relationships. many-to-one one-to-many many-to-many one-to-one
tree structure
The hierarchical database model is based on a ________. lack of a child segment matrix lack of a parent segment tree structure
ER
The most widely used conceptual model is the ________ model. OO implementation E-R internal
logically, physically
The relational database model enables you to view data ____ rather than ____. relationally, hierarchically hierarchically, relationally physically, logically logically, physically
table
The relational model's creator, E. F. Codd, used the term relation as a synonym for ____. index key table relationship
query result set
The response of the DBMS to a query is the ____. ad hoc query ad hoc response query result set integrated view of the data
domain
The set of possible values for an attribute is a ____. domain range set key
It helps create an environment for end users to have access to more data.
What is a benefit of using a DBMS? -It helps create an environment for end users to have access to more data. -It provides full security to data using private/public key encryption. -It provides seamless Internet access to database data. -It creates automatic backups.
interviews with end users
What is the fastest and most direct source of business rules? company documentation a database design document interviews with end users the Internet
query result set
What is the name for an answer to a query that the DBMS sends back to the application? query result set DBMS result data result question result
metadata
What is the name for data about data? metadata raw data superdata unique data
Crow's Foot notation
What is the name for the most current (and most used) notation of the ERD? Chen model SQL Crow's Foot notation Date model
1:1
What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Employee manages Store"? 1:M 1:1 M:N M:1
1:M
What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Painter paints Paintings"? M:N M:1 1:M 1:1
M:N
What type of relationship is expressed with the phrase "Student takes Class"? M:N 1:1 1:M M:1
data dictionary
Where does the DBMS store the definitions of data elements and their relationships? data file data dictionary data map index
XML
Which data model was developed most recently? network model relational XML file system
physical
Which model operates at the lowest level of abstraction? internal conceptual external physical
external
Which model represents the end users' view of the data environment? internal conceptual physical external
MS Access
Which of the following products do not provide an enterprise database? MS Access IBM DB2 MS SQL Server Oracle RDBMS
only one
Within a specialization hierarchy, every subtype can have ____ supertype(s) to which it is directly related. zero only one one or many many
schema
Within the network model, the ________ is the conceptual organization of the entire database as viewed by the database administrator. subschema data management language schema DBTG
unstructured
XML databases have emerged to address the need to manage ________ data within the native XML format. structured relational unstructured object-oriented
Constraints
____ are important because they help to ensure data integrity. Attributes Entities Relationships Constraints
Logical
____ data can have only a true or false (yes or no) values. Logical Character Date Numeric
An entity supertype
____ is a generic entity type that is related to one or more entity subtypes. A subtype discriminator Inheritance A specialization hierarchy An entity supertype
Household phone numbers
____ might be represented with a multivalued attribute. A person's name Household phone numbers A bank account balance A book title
Denormalization
____ yields better performance. Denormalization Normalization Atomization Compression
database designers
________ are considered database architects. Systems administrators Database designers Systems analysts and programmers Database administrators
end users
________ are the people who use application programs to run the organization's daily operations. End users Data practitioners Database programmers Managers
structural
________ independence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data. Logical Structural Physical Fragmentation
Structured Query Language (SQL)
________ is the de facto query language and data access standard supported by the majority of DBMS vendors. Structured Query Language 4GL Access Query Language DBMS
