Livestock feed and feedstuffs
Grain (sorghum or milo)
* Is produced in areas where water is not available for corn to survive *Has a hard seed coat which must be processed to improve the nutrients available to animals *Has relatively low quality protein *Contains 8% to 12% crude protein
Legumes
* contains roughly 18% protein * increase nitrogen content in soil * Are made of leaves, stems, and stalks * seeds are used (alfalfa and clover)
Triticale
* is a hybrid breeders mix crossing wheat and rye *is used mainly as a hay source *Is more palatable than rye
Barley
* is commonly used in diet of feedlot cattle * is also a strong component of Horse feed * contains water soluble carbohydrates which are probably digestion and lowers its energy content * contains an outside a whole which makes it less digestible then corn, wheat or milo * contains 12 to 13% crude protein content
Alfalfa
* is high in protein content in dietary which provides energy * is also rich in mineral content *is available win the forms of hay, silage, greenchop, pellets, cubed products or grazing
Clover
* is highly digestible and contains a high amount of protein *Is used for grazing pasture and is often found in hay bales
Concentrates
*Are feeds which contain a high density of nutrients and contain less than 18% crude fiber content when dryAre often high in energy and protein *Are found in the following forms: energy feeds, protein, and supplements
Legumes and non- legumes
Are commonly fed in the following forms: hay, silage, and grain
Grain
Is a cultivated crop used to feed livestock • Is the seed of a food plant, for example: corn rye oats
Energy feeds
Are high in energy, low in fiber and are highly digestible for example:• high in starch and low in _____________ Consist of cereal grains, mill by-products, fats and oils
Roughages
*Contain more than 18% crude fiber *Are a critical part of a ruminants diet and function *Vary greatly in palatability, digestibility, and nutrient content *Are commonly found in legumes and non-legumes
Non-legumes
*Have a medium to low protein content, are lower in minerals and are mainly grasses and cereal grains *Often require additional feed to meet an animal's nutrient requirements
Wheat
*Is a popular cereal grain but is generally too wheat *Has a protein content which is superior to corn and grain sorghum *Grows in many areas and is used grazing and grain (soft wheat from the western United States has 10 to 11% protein and I am red winter wheat of the United States Great plains has 12 to 14% protein)
Hay
*Is cut, dried and baled grass *Is high in fibrous materials and contains a lot of carbohydrates *Is used when range land is not commonly available due to weather issues *Is also used if an animal is unable to access pasture, such as animals kept in a stall or barn *Has a nutritional value which will vary greatly between hay type, time of harvest and storage
Silage
*Is pasture grass which has been cut and fermented *Is stored in a large pit where tractors or other equipment drive over it to firm the pile, which is then covered with plastic sheets to keep oxygen out *Is used to feed cattle and sheep when pasture is not available
Rye
*Is primarily grown for grain, but occasionally for hay or pasture *has a fairly bitter taste *Is normally mixed with other grains *Contains 12% to 13% crude protein content
Corn
*Is the most common and abundant cereal grain *Is high in energy but has a low protein level 8 to 10 percent *Is often used because of efficiently
Oats
*Possess the highest quality protein of all the cereal grains 13 to 14 percent Contain a large hull which is less digestible, but is usually removed when processed *Are an ideal grain for starting cattle on feed because of its high fiber and hull content Hull: outer covering of a seed or fruit
Non-Legume
Ex. Triticale, Grain (sorghum or milo), Wheat, Barley, Rye, Corn, and Oats
Livestock feed and feedstuffs
Fodders- defined as the food given to animals, rather than the food they find for themselves (ex. roughages, concentrates, and additives)
