Livestock Judging 2024-2025 1-275. FULL SET

95. A single stomach animal can synthesize ________ of the 22 required amino acids. A 12 B 2 C 0 D 22

A 12

58. Fats and oils provide _________ times more energy than do carbohydrates, A 2.25 B 10 C 5.5 D 100

A 2.25

65. Heifers most commonly reach puberty at the average age of: A 7 months B 18 months C 4 months D 12 months

A 7 months

Archaeological evidence from the Middle East indicates domestication of the pig occurred as early as __________ years ago. A 9000 B 5000 C 500 D 1000

A 9000

75. Which of the following countries produces the most sheep? A Australia B England C USA D Scotland

A Australia

24. The Pietrain breed of swine originated in ____________. A Belgium B Germany C Denmark D China

A Belgium

15. The ____________ breed of swine can be traced to the early 1700's? A Berkshire B Poland China C Duroc D Hampshire

A Berkshire

16. Beef cattle categorized as American breeds have what breed as a genetic base? A Brahman B Shorthorn C Hereford D Angus

A Brahman

92. Which production trait in swine is not increased when crossing with a purebred sow? A Conception rate B Days to 250 pounds C Feed/gain ratio D Litter size weaned

A COnception rate

25. The breeds of cattle with origin in Europe such as Charolais, Simmental, and Limousin are usually referred to as: A Continental breeds B Maternal breeds C Commercial breeds D British breeds

A Continental breeds

13. Which breed of medium wool sheep has the characteristics of white ears, face, nose, and legs? A Dorset B Hampshire C Southdown D Shropshire

A Dorset

80. ____________ is a disease that affects the tissue of the foot in sheep. A Foot Rot B Scrapie C Tetanus D Impaction

A Foot Rot

1. Which Medium Wool breed was developed in the United States? A Montadale B Dorset C Southdown D Hampshire

A Montadale

3. Which information is NOT typically required for the registration of individual hogs? A Number of teats B Date farrowed C Name of sire D Ear notches

A Number of teats

18. The first American breed of beef cattle was the: A Texas Longhorn B Angus C Santa Gertrudis D Polled Hereford

A Texas Longhorn

38. The use of living organisms or their products (livestock production) is also known as: A biotechnology B animal welfare C animal rights D genetic engineering

A biotechnology

71. What do Hampshires, Polands, and Berkshires have in common? A color B origin C popularity D ear shape

A color

29. What feedstuff contributes most of the carbohydrates in swine rations? A corn B alfalfa meal C oats D soybean mea

A corn

43. One common characteristic between Hampshire, Yorkshire, and Berkshire swine is: A erect ears B terminal qualities C maternal qualities D color

A erect ears

78. Diseases caused by a virus or bacteria are classed as: A pathogenic B morphological C physiological D nutritional

A pathogenic

35. Amino acids are the building blocks of: A protein B vitamins C fats D sugars

A protein

26. Lambs are commonly weaned at about ________________ months of age. A three B two C six D four

A three

20. Sheep are a major enterprise in the _________ area of the United States. A western B eastern C northern D southern

A western

53. Which breed of goat produces mohair? A Angora B Boer C Nubian D Toggenburg

A. Angora

6. A swine nutritional health problem caused by lack of iron in the diet. A Anemia B Parakeratosis C Hypoglycemia D Rickets

Anemia

10. Meat provides about what percent of the animal protein consumed in the world? A 0.55 B 0.35 C 0.9 D 0.1

B 0.35

41. The length of the estrous cycle for a ewe is: A 21 days B 17 days C 72 hours D 14 days

B 17 days

76. When evaluating swine performance data, litter weights are adjusted to a standard of how many days? A 12 days B 21 days C 15 days D 28 days

B 21 days

91. The expected yield of a hog with an USDA quality grade of No. 2 is: A 52.3 to 54.4% B 57.4 to 60.3% C 54.5 to 57.3% D 49.9 to 52.2%

B 57.4 to 60.3%

83. Range production accounts for __________ percent of the total sheep production in the United States. A 30 B 70 C 10 D 50

B 70

7. A breed of cattle that originated in Scotland that has a smooth hair coat, black in color, polled, and is one of the most popular breeds in the United States today: A Polled Hereford B Angus C Gelbvieh D Devon

B Angus

69. Which breed of swine is considered the oldest? A Yorkshire B Berkshire C Chester White D Hampshire

B Berkshire

87. The majority of composite breeds of cattle in the United States use what breed as a foundation? A Brown Swiss B Brahman C Charolais D Polled Hereford

B Brahman

82. The period of time which an animal is pregnant is called: A Ovulation B Gestation C Estrus D Parturition

B Gestation

23. The most popular breed of registered medium wool sheep in the United States is the: A Shropshire B Hampshire C Southdown D Rambouillet

B Hampshire

59. Which major swine breed originated in England, with the major development of the breed occurring in Kentucky? Originally known as the Thin Rind. A Poland China B Hampshire C Duroc D Chester White

B Hampshire

9. Which country accounts for the highest percent of the world cattle population? A Russia B India C Australia D USA

B India

68. Which of the following breeds of swine is best on performance of litter size? A Duroc B Landrace C Poland D Berkshire

B Landrace

14. Which trait for swine has the lowest heritability estimate? A Percent ham B Litter size C Loin muscle area D Carcass Length

B Litter Size

37. Which state has greatest feedlot beef cattle production? A Oklahoma B Nebraska C Iowa D California

B Nebraska

60. Which breed of sheep has the strongest flocking instinct? A Leicester B Rambouillet C Shropshire D Suffolk

B Rambouillet

49. The first breed of beef cattle imported to the United States in the late 1700's was the: A Brahman B Shorthorn C Hereford D Angus

B Shorthorn

72. Which of the following vitamins is in the category of water-soluble? A Vitamin E B Vitamin B C Vitamin D D Vitamin A

B Vitamin B

54. Animals that through selection and breeding have come to resemble one another and pass those traits uniformly to their offspring are defined as: A a hybrid B a breed C progeny D genetics

B a breed

32. A complex protein produced by living cells that causes changes in other substances in the body without being changed itself and without becoming a part of the product is a(n): A lipid B enzyme C vitamin D steroid

B enzyme

74. A method of animal identification that uses very low temperature to change pigment color of the skin is: A tattoo B freeze brand C notching D hot brand

B freeze brand

52. The genetic makeup of an animal is called its: A dominance B genotype C recessiveness D phenotype

B genotype

48. Helminths are of major economic importance to the livestock industry in regard to the management of: A disease B internal parasites C external parasites D viruses

B internal parasties

55. The largest compartment of the ruminant stomach for a mature grazing cow is called the: A reticulum B rumen C abomasums D omasum

B rumen

89. A cattle producer that produces breeding stock including bulls and females for cow-calf operations is commonly called a: A commercial cattleman B seedstock/purebred breeder C stocker operator D feedyard manager

B seedstock/purebred breeder

61. An animal's central nervous system includes the brain and: A effector organ B spinal cord C somatic nerves D autonomic nerves

B spinal cord

79. Cholera is a __________ disease. A nutritional B viral C fungal D Bacterial

B viral

67. Which vitamin do animals tend to produce enough of so that it does not need to be included as a specific nutrient in their rations? A Vitamin A B Vitamin C C Vitamin E D Vitamin D

B. Vitamin C

22. Ruminant animals can synthesize ________ of the 22 required amino acids. A 0 B 10 C 22 D 18

C 22

84. The average age of puberty in sheep is: A 12 months B 3 months C 6 months D 18 months

C 6 months

30. Which breed of beef cattle has been the leader on total number registered since 1970? A Charolais B Simmental C Angus D Hereford

C Angus

12. Which cattle problem is associated with nutritional health? A Ringworm B Warts C Bloat D Pinkeye

C Bloat

98. Fine Wool breeds of sheep include all of the following EXCEPT: A Rambouillet B Debouillet C Corriedale D Delaine Merino

C Corriedale

42. Which Medium Wool breed of sheep has a white face? A Hampshire B Shropshire C Dorset D Suffolk

C Dorset

46. The most serious health problem of sheep and goats is: A Bacterial diseases B Nutritional deficiencies C Internal parasites D External parasites

C Internal parasites

90. What is the only breed of sheep raised for fur in the United States? A Merino B Dorset C Karakul D Cheviot

C Karakul

44. Which common breed of swine was imported to the United States from Denmark? A Duroc B Yorkshire C Landrace D Hereford

C Landrace

5. Which of the following breeds of cattle is NOT primarily white to gray in color? A Charolais B Chianina C Limousin D White Park

C Limousin

77. Which breed of sheep was developed at North Carolina State University? A Suffolk B Hampshire C Polled Dorset D Southdown

C Polled Dorset

17. The breed of cattle that was developed on the King Ranch in Texas and consists of 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Shorthorn is called: A Brangus B Beefmaster C Santa Gertrudis D Shorthorn

C Santa Gertrudis

97. The major objection of boar meat is the odor of the meat called boar taint. One compound causing boar taint is: A Progesterone B Testosterone C Skatole D Sulfamethazine

C Skatole

33. Which breed of cattle descended from Spanish Andalusian cattle brought over by Columbus on his second voyage? A Scotch Highland B Hereford C Texas Longhorn D Santa Gertrudis

C Texas Longhorn

40. A disease that affects cattle and sheep with symptoms of lameness, followed by depression and fever, followed by swelling in the muscles of the hip, shoulder, chest. Back, and neck, with sudden death within 3 days of the onset of the symptoms is: A leptospirosis B distemper C blackleg D pneumonia

C blackleg

73. Cattle that are generally between six months and one year old and are sold to people A veal calves B packer cattle C feeder cattle D slaughter cattle

C feeder cattle

21. Which trait has the highest heritability estimate in cattle? A fertility B weaning weight C post weaning rate of gain D number of young weaned

C post weaning rate of gain

36. A _______________ animal is one that is of a particular breed. A linebred B crossbred C purebred D outcrossed

C purebred

94. Sheep and cattle both have multiple-compartment stomachs referred to as a(n): A colon B intestine C ruminant D omasum

C ruminant

88. The most important factor when formulating a ration for livestock is: A feed cost B size of the animal C total digestive nutrients D availability of feed

C total digestive nutrients

39. Estrus in cattle usually occurs every: A 60 days B 30 days C 12 days D 21 days

D 21 days

85. The average daily gain for growing cattle on full feed. A 1 lb/day B 10 lb/day C 5 lb/day D 3 lb/day

D 3lb/day

64. Yearlings are feeder calves between one and two years old weighing about ____________ pounds. A 400-550 B 100-250 C 250-400 D 550-700

D 550-700

57. Archeology has found evidence that sheep have been domesticated for _________ years. A 2000 B 250 C 1000 D 6000

D 6000

45. Baby pigs require temperatures of ______________ degrees F. A 50-60 B 60-70 C 70-80 D 80-90

D 80-90

62. Which part of the ruminant stomach is recognized as the true stomach? A Rumen B Reticulum C Omasum D Abomasum

D Abomasum

56. Feed additives used to control worms and other internal parasites are: A Antimicrobials B Probiotics C Coccidiostats D Anthelmintics

D Anthelmintics

96. What breed of hair sheep originated in Texas? A Rambouillet B Suffolk C Rabo Largo D Barbado

D Barbado

70. Which species of livestock reaches puberty based on the season and not age? A Swine B Sheep C Cattle D Goats

D Goats

99. The sudden death of heavily muscled hogs is referred to as: A Porcine Cardiac Complex B Mycoplasmal Pneumonia C Porcine Circivirus D Porcine Stress Syndrome

D Porcine Stress Syndrome

93. Which agency regulates the use of feed additives in the United States? A Animal Health and Production Divison (AHPD) B Federal Register (FR) C Food and Drug Administration (FDA) D United States Department of Agriculture(USDA)

D United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

66. The breed of swine which is white in color with erect ears and used extensively in commercial operations for the maternal characteristics is the: A Berkshire B Chester White C Landrace D Yorkshire

D Yorkshire

11. The process of taking food nutrients through the intestinal wall is: A assimilation B regurgitation C mastication D absorption

D absoption

28. Feed additives in swine rations that control internal parasites are: A antibiotics B vitamins C amino acids D anthelmintics

D anthelmintics

2. Proteins produced by an animal's immune system in response to invasion by bacteria, viruses, or parasites are: A vaccines B serums C toxoids D antibodies

D antibodies

34. A nutritional problem characterized by a swollen abdomen on the left side, labored breathing, profuse salivation, groaning, lack of appetite, and stiffness. A anemia B colic C founder D bloat

D bloat

19. One common characteristic between Yorkshire, Landrace, and Chester Whites is: A maternal qualities B terminal qualities C ear shape D color

D color

81. Newborn animals receive immunity to diseases by drinking: A sterile water B fibrinogen C vaccines D colostrum

D colostrum

47. Solid floors in hog houses are usually made of ___________. A wood B earthen C pea gravel D concrete

D concrete

100. What hormone is produced primarily by the ovaries in female animals? A globulin B infundibulum C testosterone D estroge

D estroge

27. According to USDA, the greatest expense in the production of livestock is: A livestock purchased B fuel and electricity C contract and hired labor D feed purchased

D feed purchased

63. What is a free-roaming "wild" animal that was once domesticated called? A buck B stag C boar D feral

D feral

31. Fat present in muscle tissue is known as: A tallow B condition C finish D marbling

D marbling

86. A male sheep castrated before reaching sexual maturity is called a: A ram B mutton C buck D wether

D wether

50. Which of the following breeds of cattle did not originate in Italy? A Romagnola B Piedmontese C Maine Anjou D Chianina

Maine Anjou

4. Bacterial disease that affects both sheep and goats when the animal has a wound. Symptoms include stiffness, rigid jaw, and inability to eat. A Blue Tounge B Vibriosis C Enterotoxemia D Tetanus

Tetanus

8. The leg and loin of a lamb are the primary wholesale meat cuts that come from the: A rack B foresaddle C chuck D hindsaddle

hindsaddle