LOCAL ANESTHESIA

A toxic overdose of topical anesthetic may result in which of the following? A. Hypertension B. Bradycardia C. Tachycardia D. Both A and B

B. Bradycardia

T/F: Concentrations available in over the counter products can be as high as those administered professionally in the dental office

True

To achieve the optimal anesthetic effect, topical anesthesia should remain at the site of application for________ A. 1 to 2 minutes B. 3 to 5 minutes C. 5 to 10 minutes D. 10 to 12 minutes

A. 1 to 2 minutes

Of the following patients, which is most likely to have a negative reaction to topical anesthetic? A. A child B. A patient of middle eastern ancestry C. A patient with type O+ blood D. All of the above

A. A child (children, elderly, and medically compromised patients are most susceptible to adverse reactions to topical anesthetic)

Which topical anesthetic has the most rapid onset of action? a. Benzocaine b. Lidocaine c. Dyclonine hydrochloride d. Tetracaine hydrochloride

A. Benzocaine

Allergic reactions associated with topical anesthetics are rare. It is not necessary to review a patient's medical history before applying a topical anesthetic agent. A. First statement is True. Second statement is false. B. First statement is false. Second statement is true C Both statements are true D. Both statements are false

A. First statement is true. Second statement is false

EMLA is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use on which of the following areas? A. intact skin B. mucous membranes C. Hard palate D. Soft palate

A. Intact skin

Which of the following is a eutectic mixture that will thicken intro a gel once inserted into a periodontal pocket, relieving pain associated with nonsurgical periodontal therapy? A. Oraquix (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine gel) B. EMLA (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine cream) C. Cetacaine (benzocaine, butamben, and tetracaine) D. Dyclonine Hydrochloride

A. Oraquix (2.5% lidocaine/2.5% prilocaine gel)

Which of the following would be an indication for use of a topical anesthetic? A. to minimize patient's gag reflex B. To numb patient's tongue so they will stop talking so much C. To achieve pulpal anesthesia D. To achieve anesthesia of the bone

A. To minimize patient's gag reflex

Topical anesthetics generally penetrate __________ into to the tissue. A. 1 to 2mm B. 2 to 3mm C. 3 to 4mm D. 5 to 6mm

B. 2 to 3mm

Which of the following topical anesthetic agents is considered a ketone? A. Benzocaine B. Dyclonine Hydrochloride C. Lidocaine D. A and B

B. Dyclonine Hydrochloride

T/F pulpal anesthesia can be achieved using 2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine gel mixture

B. False

Which of the following topical anesthetics is classified as an amide? A. Benzocaine B. Lidocaine C. Tetracycline D. Dyclonine

B. Lidocaine

Which of the following local anesthetic agents is found in Oraquix? A. mepivacaine B. Prilocaine C. Procaine D. Benzocaine E. Articaine

B. Prilocaine

Mild allergic reactions to topical anesthetic can include _______, _______, and _______. a. hematoma, cyanosis, nausea b. swelling, raised welts, itching c. slurred speech, drowsiness, difficulty breathing d. seizures, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest

B. Swelling, raised welts, and itching

A patient who has just been administered Oraqix gel (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) can expect a comfortable duration of anesthesia of approximately _______. a. 60 minutes b. 45 minutes c. 20 minutes d. 10 minutes

C. 20 minutes

The concentrations of topical anesthetics are greater than those of their injectable counterparts. Topical anesthetics do not contain vasoconstrictors. A. The first statements is true. The second is false. B. The first statement is false. The second is true. C. Both are True D. Both are False

C. Both are true

Topical anesthesia is available in many different forms: liquid, gel, spray, and patch. Topical anesthesia distributed in single dose applications decreases the possibility of cross contamination A. The first statement is true; the second statement is false B. The first statement is false; the second statement is true C. Both statements are true D. Both statements are false

C. Both statements are true

Which topical anesthetic is not classified as an ester or an amide, but as a ketone? A. Benzocaine B. Lidocaine C. Dyclonine Hydrochloride D. Tetracaine Hydrochloride

C. Dyclonine Hydrochloride

Which of the following topical anesthetics has a US FDA pregnancy category B? A. Tetracaine hydrochloride B. Benzocaine C. Lidocaine/prilocaine D. Dyclonine Hydrochloride

C. Lidocaine/prilocaine

Allergic reactions to topical anesthetic are ________ A. very common B. somewhat common C. rare D. unheard of

C. Rare

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Allergic reactions associated with topical anesthetics are rare B. Topical anesthetics are made available over the counter C. The more topical placed at the site of needle penetration the better D. Tetracaine hydrochloride is considered the most potent of the topical anesthesia

C. the more topical placed at the site of a needle penetration the better

Oraqix gel (2.5% lidocaine and 2.5% prilocaine) produces an anesthetic effect within a. 15 minutes b. 10 minutes c. 5 minutes d. 30 seconds

D. 30 seconds

If plasma concentrations in the body become too high, the most prominent systemic effect will occur in which of the following systems? A. respiratory system B. cardiovascular system C. central nervous system D. B and C

D. B and C (cardiovascular system and central nervous system)

Which of the following topical anesthetics do not always require a prescription? A. EMLA B. Cetacaine C. Oraquix D. Benzocaine

D. Benzocaine

Drying the mucosa with 2 × 2 gauze, prior to the application of topical anesthesia, assists in _______. a. accurate placement of the topical anesthetic b. increasing the visibility c. increasing the penetration depth to 5 mm d. Both A and B

D. Both A and B

What is the following are symptoms of a localized reaction to topical anesthetic? A. Irritation, burning, stinging at the site of application B. Dizziness, tinnitus, and involuntary muscular activity C. Tissue sloughing or discoloration and temporary change in taste perception D. Both A and C

D. Both A and C

Topical anesthetics have a lower concentration of anesthetic than their injectable counterparts. This is necessary because some topical anesthetics contain a vasoconstrictor. A. The first statement is true. The second statement is false. B. The first statement is false. The second statement is true. C. Both statements are True D. Both statements are false.

D. Both statements are false

All of the following are true regarding maximum recommended dose for topical anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? A. It is difficult to monitor exact doses being given B. Patches are a good way to monitor exact doses C. Maximum recommended dose does not exist for all topical anesthetics D. Exact doses can be measured using a cotton tip applicator

D. Exact doses can be measured using a cotton tip applicator

All of the following are considered ideal properities of a topical anesthetic EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. It should produce no damage to the tissue B. It should have an acceptable taste C. It should not induce systemic toxicity D. It should be allergenic

D. It should be allergenic

Which method of delivery is recommended to decrease the risk of methemoglobinemia? A. Unmetered Spray B. Metered Spray C. unmetered spray with disposable nozzel D. metered spray with disposable nozzel

D. Metered Spray with disposable nozzel

All fo the following describes advantages of single unit dose applications of topical anesthetics EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? A. Prevents cross contamination B. Doses administered can be monitored C. Less messy D. requires less administration time

D. Requires less administration time

Topical anesthetics are available in a variety of forms. Which method of delivery is most likely to produce a toxic reaction? a. Patch b. Gel c. Applicator swab d. Spray

D. Spray

Which topical anesthetic has the longest average duration? A. Benzocaine B. Lidocaine C. Dyclonine Hydrochloride D. Tetracaine Hydrochloride

D. Tetracaine Hydrochloride

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate use for topical anesthesia? A. To increase comfort during minor dental hygiene procedures B. To reduce a patient's gag reflex while taking dental impressions C. To minimize the pain associated with needle insertion D. To achieve pulpal anesthesia prior to restorative dental procedures

D. To achieve pulpal anesthesia prior to restorative dental procedures

All of the following are possible localized adverse reactions associated with topical anesthesia EXCEPT one. Which is the exception? A. buring or stinging B. Sloughing C. tissue discoloration D. A and B E. increase heart rate

E. Increase heart rate

Benzocaine is available in all of the following preparations EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception? A. Cream B. Gel C. Spray D. Patch E. Injectable

E. Injectable

Which of the following is NOT an ideal property of an oral topical anesthetic? a. It produces dependency on repeated use. b. It remains at the site of application. c. It has an acceptable taste. d. It permits a comfortable (pain-free) application.

a. It produces dependency on repeated use.

The FDA has released a Public Health Advisory alerting consumers to the potential risk of life-threatening or fatal reactions to over-the-counter topical anesthetics. Some of these over-the-counter topical anesthetics are available in concentrations twice the strength of those used in the dental office. a. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. b. The first statement is false; the second statement is true. c. Both statements are true. d. Both statements are false.

a. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.