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How did the cases of Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) and McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) influence the relationship between the Federal and State governments? (Hint: The Marshall Court)

Gibbons v. Ogden: 1824topic Ogden, who did business between NY + NJ, challenged the monopoly on ferry transportation by asking to retrain Gibbons from navigating on these waters Gibbons v. Ogden: 1824decision The New York law was found invalid because the Commerce Clause of the Constitution designated power to Congress to regulate interstate commerce and that the broad definition of commerce included navigation Gibbons v. Ogden: 1824importance Only federal government (Congress) could regulate interstate trade

Define popular sovereignty as it applies to slavery in the new states

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.Notion that the people of a territory should determine if they want to be a slave state or a free state.

How did Andrew Jackson use the Spoils System to reward his supporters?

Andrew Jackson introduced the spoils system after winning the 1828 presidential election. In the spoils system, the president appoints civil servants to government jobs specifically because they are loyal to him and to his political party.

What is the only way a Supreme Court decision can be overturned?

Constitutional amendment or new law

What was the Missouri Compromise? When and why was it declared unconstitutional?

In 1820, Congress came with an agreement: Missouri could enter the Union as a Slave State as long as Maine entered as a Free State. In this case, the Supreme Court ruled the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional on the grounds that Congress was prohibited by the fifth amendment from depriving individuals of private property without due process of law.

What was the Nullification crisis of 1832? How did it illustrate the causes of sectional conflict?

SC was not pleased with the new tariff either. They said it was oppressive so the state passed the Nullification Ordinance in 1832. Declared the tariffs of 1828 and 1832 null and void. Stated that they would secede if the federal government used force to make them comply.

Define abolitionist

Someone who wants to abolish or stop slavery completely.

Why was the election of Andrew Jackson (1828) considered more democratic than previous presidential Elections?

The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule as well as supporting the "common man"

Identify and explain the main provisions in the Compromise 1850

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Explain the significance of each of the following: Worchester v. Georgia (1832), The Indian removal Act and The trail of Tears

1) 2) this act called for the government to negotiate treaties that would require Native Americans to relocate west 3) the tragic journey of the Cherokee people from their homeland to the Indian Territory between 1838 and 1839; thousands of Cherokee died

Identify and explain the cause and effect relationship between the Kansas Nebraska Act (1854) and "Bleeding Kansas"

1) passed in 1854, allowed new states to VOTE to be free or slave, created the 2 new territories named in the Act, repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers in those territories to determine if they would allow slavery within their boundaries. 2) Cause: Kansas-Nebraska territory would vote if there was going to be slavery. Effect: There was violence because people snuck into Kansas to vote for slavery. John Brown kill 5-pro slavery senator Sumter beat by another senator.

Define sectionalism? How did geographic conditions influence the economic differences between the Northern, Middle and Southern States?

1) when one is more loyal to their state than to their country 2)NORTHERN: Many factories to make weapons, tents, uniforms, preserved food, used immigrants, railroads, canals, shipping

How did Manifest Destiny reignite arguments about slavery?

Expansion lead to economic promise and fueled the manifest destiny but it also lead to sectional tension over slavery. The north contained a lot of abolitionists while the south was commonly pro-slavery, this increased sectional tension because each side wanted to see their ideals extended into the west.

How did the Supreme Court decision in Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) influence federal control over interstate commerce?

In this Commerce Clause case, the Supreme Court affirmed Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce, and held that by virtue of the Supremacy Clause, state laws "must yield" to constitutional acts of Congress.

Discuss the causes and results of Andrew Jackson's policy towards Native Americans

Jackson believed that the government had the right to regulate where Native Americans could live. He viewed them as conquered subjects who lived within the borders of the United States. He thought that Native Americans had one of two choices. They could adopt white culture and become citizens of the United States. Or they could move into the Western territories. They could not, however, have their own governments within the nation's borders.

How did the decision in Marbury v. Madison strengthen the power of the Supreme Court?

Marbury v. Madison strengthened the federal judiciary by establishing for it the power of judicial review, by which the federal courts could declare legislation, as well as executive and administrative actions, inconsistent with the U.S. Constitution ("unconstitutional") and therefore null and void. The exercise of judicial review helped the federal judiciary check the actions of Congress and the president and thereby remain a coequal branch of government alongside the legislative and executive branches.

How did the decision in the Dred Scott case (1857) influence slavery in the western territories?

Scott decision meant that slavery was declared to be the law of the entire land. Northerners could not accept this. Their fears made antislavery forces in the north all the more determined to reduce the souths political power in the county, deepening the sense of alienation and crisis between the two regions.

Identify and explain the cause and effect relationship between the 19th Century Temperance Movement and Prohibition

Temperance is making a choice not to drink alcohol. During the Temperance Movement , people and groups who did not drink alcohol tried to convince others to do the same. Many temperance supporters also wanted the government to institute prohibition. Prohibition is the legal ban of alcohol by the government so that no one can drink alcohol. In U.S. history, prohibition was a time when the transportation, sale, and consumption of alcohol were made illegal.

What was the Declaration of Sentiments adopted at the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?

The Declaration of Sentiments begins by asserting the equality of all men and women and reiterates that both genders are endowed with unalienable rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It argues that women are oppressed by the government and the patriarchal society of which they are a part.

Explain the significance of the 19th amendment as it applies to women's suffrage

The Nineteenth (19th) Amendment to the United States Constitution granted women the right to vote, prohibiting any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920 after a long struggle known as the women's suffrage movement.

How did the election of 1860 reflect sectional differences in the United States?

They believed that now that Lincoln is president, the south had no voice in the national government. They were sure that Lincoln would deny white southerners the right to own slaves. Even before the election, South Carolina's governor had written to other southern governors. If Lincoln won, it would be their duty to leave the Union.

How did the publication of Uncle Tom's Cabin intensify the abolitionist movement?

written by harriet beecher stowe in 1853 that highly influenced england's view on the American Deep South and slavery. a novel promoting abolition. intensified sectional conflict. (Abolitionists used literature to get across their point to people that could read. Increased sympathy for the abolitionist movement.)