LPIC-1 certification exam prep

During boot of a system with GRUB, which key can be pressed to display the GRUB menu? A. Shift B. E C. V D. H

A. The Shift key, if pressed when control has first been handed to GRUB, will cause the GRUB menu to be displayed.

Which command can be used to reboot a system? A. init 6 B. shutdown -h -t now C. init 1 D. refresh-system

A. The init command can be used to access different runlevels. Runlevel 6 is used for rebooting the system. Answer B will shut down the system entirely, not reboot it. Answer C will place the system into single-user mode. Answer D is not a valid option.

Which explanation best describes the following, gathered with the ls -la command? lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 35 Jul 8 2014 .fetchmailrc -> .configs/fetchmail/.fetchmailrc A. It is a file called .fetchmailrc, which is linked using a symbolic link. B. It is a file called .configs/fetchmail/.fetchmailrc, which is owned by lrwxrwxrwx. C. It is a directory called .fetchmailrc, which is owned by user Jul. D. It is a local directory called .configs/fetchmail/.fetchmailrc.

A. The listing shows a symbolic linked file located in the current directory, linked to .configs/fetchmail/.fetchmailrc. The file is owned by the root user and root group, and it was created on July 8, 2014.

Which command is used to load a module and its dependencies automatically? A. modprobe B. lsmod C. insmod D. rmmod

A. The modprobe command loads the module and its dependencies, if applicable. The lsmod command is used to list currently loaded modules, making answer B incorrect. The insmod command will load a given module but not its dependencies. Answer D, rmmod, is used to remove a module from memory.

Which command enables you to view the current IRQ assignments?- A. view /proc/irq B. cat /proc/interrupts C. cat /dev/irq D. less /dev/irq

B. Current interrupt (IRQ) assignments are contained in the file /proc/interrupts. Therefore, viewing the contents of the file with a command such as cat will work. There is no view command, thus making answer A incorrect. Likewise, there is no /dev/irq file, thereby making answers C and D incorrect.

Which command is used to obtain a list of USB devices? A. usb-list B. lsusb C. ls-usb D. ls --usb

B. The lsusb command is used to obtain a basic list of USB devices on a system. The other commands are not valid. In the case of answer D, the ls command is valid, but there is no --usb option.

Which command is used with systemd in order to list the available service units? A. systemd list-units B. systemctl list-units C. systemd unit-list D. systemctl show-units

B. The systemctl command is used to work with services and targets. The list-units command is used to list targets. The other commands are not used for this purpose or do not exist with the required option.

During the initialization process for a Linux system using SysVinit, which runlevel corresponds to single-user mode? A. Runlevel 5 B. Runlevel SU C. Runlevel 1 D. Runlevel 6

C. Runlevel 1, sometimes displayed as runlevel s or S, is single-user mode in which many services are not started. Runlevel 5 and Runlevel 6 are used for other purposes and runlevel SU is not a valid option.

. A Serial ATA (SATA) disk will use which of the following identifiers? A. /dev/hdX B. /dev/sataX C. /dev/sdX D. /disk/sataX

C. SATA disks are addressed as /dev/sdX, just like a SCSI disk. /dev/hdX is a traditional ATA disk. The other options do not exist.

Which option to lspci is used to display both numeric codes and device names? A. -numdev B. -n C. -nn D. -devnum

C. The -nn option displays both numbers and device names, thus making answer C correct. The -n option (answer B) displays only numbers. The other two options do not exist.

Which device is typically connected as the first floppy disk? A. /dev/hd0 B. /dev/flop0 C. /dev/fd0 D. /dev/sda

C. The /dev/fd0 interface is typically the first floppy disk in a Linux system. There is no /dev/hd0 or /dev/flop0, thereby making answers A and B incorrect. While there is a /dev/sda interface, that will be the first SCSI or SATA disk within the system.

Which option given at boot time within the GRUB configuration will boot the system into single-user mode? A. single-user B. su C. single D. root

C. The keyword single given on the Linux kernel command line will boot the system into single-user mode. The other options are not valid.

Which command would you use if you make changes to the /etc/inittab file and want those changes to be reloaded without a reboot? A. init-refresh B. init 6 C. telinit D. reload-inittab

C. The telinit command can be used to refresh the system after changes have been made to /etc/inittab. Notably, answer B will reboot the system, but that was not an option given the question asked. Answers A and D are not valid commands.

Within which folder are systemd unit configuration files stored? A. /etc/system.conf.d B. /lib/system.conf.d C. /lib/systemd/system D. /etc/sysconfd

C. Unit configuration files are stored in /lib/systemd/system. The other directory options for this question are not relevant or do not exist by default. Operating system files are typically stored in /usr/lib/system and those related to systemd can be found in the /usr/lib hieararchy.

Configuration of udev devices is done by working with files in which directory? A. /udev/devices B. /devices/ C. /udev/config D. /etc/udev

D. Configuration files for udev are found in /etc/udev, which makes answer D correct. The other options do not exist.

On a system using SysVinit, in which directory are startup and shutdown scripts for services stored? A. /etc/init-d B. /etc/init C. /etc/sysV D. /etc/init.d

D. Scripts are stored in /etc/init.d on a system using SysVinit. You may sometimes find these linked from /etc/rc.d/init.d as well. The other options are not valid for this question.

When working with hotplug devices, what is the location of scripts that are executed when a given device is inserted into the computer? A. /etc/usb B. /etc/usb-dev C. /dev/usb D. /etc/hotplug/usb

D. The /etc/hotplug/usb directory contains scripts that run when a given device is plugged in. The other directories don't exist, so those options are not correct for this question.

Which command can be used to view the kernel ring buffer in order to troubleshoot the boot process? A. lsboot B. boot-log C. krblog D. dmesg

D. The dmesg command displays the contents of the kernel ring buffer. On many Linux distributions, this log is also saved to /var/log/dmesg. The other options shown for this question are not valid commands.

Which command can be used to obtain a list of currently loaded kernel modules? A. insmod B. modlist C. ls --modules D. lsmod

D. The lsmod command is used to list currently loaded kernel modules, thereby making answer D correct for this question. The insmod command (answer A) is used to load modules. Answer C is a valid command but not a valid option for that command, while answer B does not exist.

Which command displays the current runlevel for a system? A. show-level B. init --level C. sudo init D. runlevel

D. The runlevel command displays the current runlevel for a system. Answer B is not a valid option for the init command, and adding sudo in front of the init command makes no difference. Answer A is not a valid command.