LSU POLI 2051: Connect Ch. 5
Culminating in a historic victory in 1954, black activists in the early twentieth century generally pursued civil rights through A. legal action. B. legislative action. C. pressure for presidential decree. D. bureaucratic action. E. campaigning through mass media.
A
De jure discrimination and de facto discrimination are two ways in which some Americans are treated as less equal than others. Examples of public policies designed to address each of these forms of discrimination are A. the Brown decision (de jure), and affirmative action (de facto). B. affirmative action (de jure), and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de facto). C. the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (de jure), and the Brown decision (de facto). D. the Supreme Court's busing decisions (de jure), and affirmative action decisions (de facto). E. None of these answers is correct.
A
In applying the reasonable basis test, courts tend to A. require government only to show that a particular law is reasonable. B. assess whether a law had the support of a two-thirds majority of legislators at the time of passage. C. determine whether a law is working well and, if so, to allow it to remain in effect. D. prohibit any law that results in the unequal treatment of Americans. E. interpret the equal protection clause in a strict manner.
A
The policy of affirmative action arose when A. it became apparent that disadvantaged Americans would not attain equal employment opportunities through lawsuits that benefited single individuals only. B. the Supreme Court declared in Bakke that the Fourteenth Amendment requires government and large firms to hire more women and minorities. C. the Supreme Court ruled that de facto discrimination is unlawful. D. private firms decided on their own that a more diverse workforce was actually a more productive and effective workforce. E. the Supreme Court rendered its Adarand v. Pena decision in 1995.
A
Any law that includes a gender classification is subject to the A. reasonable basis test. B. strict scrutiny test. C. intermediate scrutiny test. D. precedent basis test. E. suspect classification test.
C
Disadvantaged Americans have generally gained their rights A. through the enlightened policies of advantaged Americans. B. through judicial action only. through struggle against entrenched interests. C. mainly through action by the states rather than the federal government. D. by waiting patiently for public opinion to back their cause.
C
In the case of United States v. Virginia (1996), the Supreme Court ruled that A. strict racial quotas were a valid means of ensuring racial diversity on college campuses. B. private colleges could refuse to admit prospective students on the basis of sexual orientation. C. male-only admissions policies at state-supported military academies were unconstitutional. D. because female instructors created an undue distraction at all-male universities, the schools in question could discriminate against women in their hiring practices. E. colleges affiliated with a particular religion could not take the religious persuasion of job candidates into consideration during the hiring process.
C
Native Americans were made "official" citizens of the United States in ________. A. 1789 B. 1856 C. 1924 D. 1972 E. 1998
C
Of the following states, which tends to have larger numbers of Caribbean Hispanics? A. California B. Texas C. New York D. New Mexico E. Arizona
C
The 2013 Supreme Court decision Shelby County v. Holder interpreting the Voting Rights Act A. declared the entire Voting Rights Act unconstitutional. B. was a victory for the Obama administration in general and Attorney General Eric Holder in particular. C. argued that Congress had set standards for ensuring voting rights that were no longer relevant. D. requires states be more diligent in ensuring that minorities have full voting rights. E. was all the more emphatic because it had a unanimous 9-0 vote.
C
The focus of civil liberties is the ________ and the focus of civil rights is the ________. A. individual; individual B. group; group C. individual; group D. group; individual E. Tenth Amendment; Fourteenth Amendment
C
The modern civil rights movement had a peak moment with the March on Washington in ________. A. 1954 B. 1960 C. 1963 D. 1968 E. 1973
C
The Supreme Court's decision in the Regents of the University of California v. Bakke case A. invalidated the principle of affirmative action. B. ruled that Bakke could not be admitted to medical school. C. established quota systems as a legitimate basis of affirmative action. D. upheld the principle of affirmative action. E. None of these answers is correct.
D
The average pay for full-time female employees is about ________ percent of that for full-time male employees. A. 93 B. 50 C. 65 D. 80 E. 60
D
Which of the following is true? A. Public schools are becoming more segregated nationally. B. Many urban public school districts have ended the use of busing for desegregation purposes. C. White flight to suburban schools has made it more difficult to desegregate urban schools. D. The Supreme Court, after ordering cutbacks in busing, said that communities were free to use alternatives, such as increased spending on schools in poor neighborhoods. E. All of these answers are correct.
E