LUOA Virginia History: Module 4: Virginia and the Civil War & Reconstruction

Because of violent conflicts there during the 1850s, Kansas came to be known as "___________ Kansas."

Bleeding

In one sentence, describe how the battle between the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia (Merrimack) changed navies around the world.

The battle between the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia changed navies around the world by ending the age of wooden ships and introducing ironclad ships.

The Dred Scott decision stated that slaves could not be...

citizens

Over the course of the nineteenth century, differences in what things were evidence of divisions in the United States? (choose all that apply)

- economy - government - social structure

What were the major provisions of the Compromise of 1850? (choose all that apply)

- ending of the slave trade in Washington, D.C. - allowing new territories to decide the issue of slavery - a stronger Fugitive Slave Act

Which of following questions arose after slavery was ended in 1865? (choose all that apply)

- how to integrate slaves into society - the economic role of freed slaves - the question of basic civil rights

The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act... (choose all that apply)

- made it a criminal act for Northerners to assist escaped slaves. - denied a jury trial to any escaped slave. - prohibited an escaped slave from testifying on his or her own behalf. - made stronger provisions to return escaped slaves to the South.

What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau? (choose all that apply)

- provide medical care to freed slaves - help freedmen negotiate labor contracts - protect the freedom of former slaves - reunite families separated before or during the war - set up schools to educate black children

Following the Civil War, Reconstruction involved _________________. (choose all that apply)

- rebuilding lost property - political reunification with the United States - rebuilding the economy - integrating freed slaves into society

The most obvious issue(s) facing Virginia after the Civil War concerned ___________. (choose all that apply)

- rebuilding the infrastructure - recovering from the environmental impact

What were the goals of Lee's advance into Union territory in July 1863? (choose all that apply)

- to threaten Washington, D.C. - to force the Union to give up - to gain support from Britain

Approximately how many battles were fought in Virginia during the Civil War?

120

William Makepeace Thackeray was a _______________ citizen who wrote about slavery and the slave trade in Virginia.

British

The introduction of this ship revitalized the Confederate campaign to break the Union blockade of the South:

CSS Virginia

At Cold Harbor, Grant realized he couldn't take ________________ directly.

Richmond

Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction _____________.

laid out his Ten Percent Plan

Match the following:

- Abraham Lincoln: Republican - Stephen Douglas: Democrat (North) - John C. Breckenridge: Democrat (South) - John Bell: (Constitutional Union Party)

Which of the following are true about The Confessions of Nat Turner? (Choose all that apply.)

- It claimed to be a definitive account of Turner's motivations. - It was published to take advantage of public interest. - It remains shrouded in controversy.

Before the 1830s, what were two views of slavery in Virginia?

- It was a necessary evil that was impossible to eliminate without destroying the economy. - It was an institution that needed to end.

What happened in Virginia in the years following the passage of the Funding Act of 1871? (choose all that apply)

- Taxes rose. - Government programs went unfunded. - Revenue declined.

What was the result of Nat Turner's slave rebellion in 1831? (Choose all that apply.)

- The Virginia Legislature considered gradual abolition of slavery. - The Legislature passed stricter legal codes against free and enslaved blacks. - The Legislature made it illegal to teach black people to read or write. - The Legislature passed laws restricting the ability of blacks to worship as they saw fit.

The Election of 1869 that ratified the Underwood Constitution also resulted in which of the following? (choose all that apply)

- The election of Gilbert C. Walker as governor. - The election of the first African Americans to become lawmakers in Virginia. - A loss of control by the Radical Republicans.

Which two factors contributed to Virginians' acceptance of the institution of slavery?

- There was increased racism. - It had been a way of life for 200 years.

Which of the following is true about slavery in the nineteenth century? (choose all that apply)

- Virginia had more slaves than any other state. - The foreign slave trade ended in 1808. - Virginia was a center for the domestic slave trade. - The percentage of slaves was in decline in the early nineteeth century.

The Atlantic Slave Trade was abolished in __________.

1808

In what year was Virginia readmitted to the Union?

1870

Who believed that since secession was illegal, the Southern states were still, technically, a part of the Union?

Abraham Lincoln

After Fort Sumter, the capital city of the Union was __________ and the capital of the Confederacy was _______________.

Answer 1: Washington D.C. Answer 2: Richmond

The Constitution of 1864 was only effective for the __________ and ___________ parts of the state until the end of the Civil War.

Answer 1: northern Answer 2: eastern

Over the course of the nineteenth century, the North moved toward a ________ labor system, while the South continued to use a system of __________ labor.

Answer 1: wage Answer 2: slave

The Civil War effectively ended at the village of ___________.

Appomattox Courthouse

In Virginia's elections, as preparation to be readmitted to the Union, which of the following was NOT a party represented in the election?

Democrat

What Supreme Court decision in 1857 drove the free and slave factions even further apart?

Dred Scott v. Sanford

One of the earliest institutions created for Reconstruction was the ____________.

Freedmen's Bureau

As a solution to the debt issue, the Funders passed the _______________________.

Funding Act of 1871

In 1859, John Brown led a raid on _____________ ____________, Virginia, hoping to take over the federal arsenal there.

Harpers Ferry

Who was sometimes called the "Great Compromiser?"

Henry Clay

In the view of the Radical Republicans, what role should the President hold in Reconstruction plans? (answer in one sentence)

In the view of the Radical Republicans, the President should have no authority over any plan to reconstruct the South.

Who made an attempt to lead a slave uprising in Virginia in 1859?

John Brown

Which prominent pro-slavery politician gave a speech arguing that slavery was a "positive good"?

John C. Calhoun

Before moving his abolition efforts to Virginia, John Brown was part of the abolitionist violence in _________________.

Kansas

In 1821, the American Colonization Society established the colony of _____________ in West Africa.

Liberia

The first land battle of the American Civil War was at _________________.

Manassas

In the Constitutional Convention of 1865, the delegates were overwhelmingly ____________________________.

Republican

The most extreme part of Congressional Reconstruction was dividing the South into five __________ _____________.

Military districts

Who led the most violent and successful slave revolt in American history?

Nat Turner

In 1864, Grant sent this General to destroy the threat posed by the Shenandoah Valley:

Philip Sheridan

The Underwood Constitution seemed designed to support the power of __________ _____________.

Radical Republicans

The group that rose in opposition to the Funding Act of 1871 were the ________________.

Readjusters

When General Joseph Johnston was injured at the Battle of Seven Pines, to whom did command of the Confederate forces eventually fall?

Robert E. Lee

Which of these famous Virginians was the son of a Revolutionary War hero, a graduate of West Point, an experienced officer, and was offered command of both the Union and Confederate armies?

Robert E. Lee

The election of which US President in 1877 signaled the end of Reconstruction?

Rutherford B. Hayes

What was the first state to secede from the Union following the Election of 1860?

South Carolina

Which of the following was the last chance to make changes to the federal system to avoid open war?

The Compromise of 1850

Which of the political parties in the Election of 1860 wanted to take the nation back to the original Constitution with an emphasis on state sovereignty?

The Constitutional Union Party

What federal act showed the flaw in the system of popular sovereignty?

The Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

What nineteenth-century crisis nearly ended in armed conflict?

The Nullification Crisis of 1832

Whose stand against advancing Union troops shaped the outcome at First Manassas?

Thomas J. Jackson

In two or three sentences, explain why slavery was considered more economical than wage labor.

Though the initial cost was more, in the long run they cost less. Also, any children born as slaves were put into slavery from the time they were born, increasing the available slave supply.

In March 1864, Abraham Lincoln gave command of the Army of the Potomac to ________________.

Ulysses S. Grant

Which US President allowed elections in Virginia while they were still under military occupation?

Ulysses S. Grant

The loss of what town gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and divided the South?

Vicksburg

William Mahone was influential in founding this university—the first fully state-funded college for black Americans.

Virginia State University

The ______________-______________ Bill was a Reconstruction plan that was much stricter than Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan.

Wade-Davis

In one sentence, describe what William Tecumseh Sherman was doing while Grant was fighting in Virginia.

While Grant was fighting in Virginia, William Tecumseh Sherman was moving to capture Atlanta, allowing him to carve a path through Georgia while destroying the Deep South.

Who became the leader of the Readjuster movement in Virginia?

William "Little Billy" Malone

The Underwood Constitution denied the right to vote to...

anyone who served the Confederacy in a civil or military capacity.

Grant used his superior numbers to fight a war of _____________.

attrition

In 1850, if California had been allowed to enter the Union as a Free State, it would have shifted the ______________ of power in Congress.

balance

Following the Civil War, some people dreamed of a _________________ society, where black and white citizens would interact freely and equally.

biracial

Name three of the four factors that made it difficult for Virginia to address the problem of debt in the 1870s.

damaged economy, the loss of slave labor, and efforts to try and rebuild the infrastructure

By the 1870s, the biggest issue the Virginia government faced was ____________________.

debt

The Funding Act of 1871 locked Virginia into ________________________.

deficit spending

The primary reason for maintaining the slave system in Virginia was _________________.

economic

In what area was the Freedman's Bureau most successful?

education

The dominant view in Washington regarding the states that had once been part of the Confederacy was the _________________________.

forfeited rights theory

President Johnson holds a place in history as the first President that Congress attempted to ________________.

impeach

What action by General McClellan in the Peninsula Campaign allowed time for Confederate forces to consolidate and react?

pausing after each engagement

At the Battle of Fredericksburg, General Burnside used five _______________ bridges to cross the Rapahannock River.

pontoon

In nineteenth century Virginia, slaves were seen as ____________, and challenging the institution appeared to be an attack on liberty.

property

The election that saw the passage of the Underwood Constitution provided evidence that the state was clearly divided by...

race.

At first, Virginia decided to __________.

remain loyal to the Union.

At the beginning of the Civil War, most people felt the war would be _________________.

short

The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act led to a new occupation, the __________ ____________.

slave catcher

What was the greatest fear of white Virginians in the early nineteenth century?

slave revolt

The Funding Act of 1871 paid off the debt but cut off _____________ revenue.

tax

Radical Republicans felt the states who had left the Union should be treated as __________________ .

territories

Which battle remains the bloodiest single day in American military history?

the Battle of Antietam

Which Civil War battle can be considered both Lee's greatest victory and his greatest loss?

the Battle of Chancellorsville

When the Deep South seceded from the Union, they formed a new country called...

the Confederate States of America

Which Reconstruction-era Amendment guaranteed the right to vote to all citizens, regardless of color?

the Fifteenth Amendment

Which Reconstruction-era Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law for all citizens?

the Fourteenth Amendment

Victory in what battle allowed General Lee to take the fighting out of Virginia the first time?

the Second Battle of Manassas

Which Reconstruction-era Amendment ended slavery in the United States?

the Thirteenth Amendment

What battle was the first meeting of Generals Grant and Lee?

the Wilderness

What signaled the beginning of the American Civil War?

the attack on Ft. Sumter

What invention ended hope that slavery would die on its own?

the cotton gin

Violence in Kansas eventually spread to _______________.

the floor of the Senate

The Dred Scott decision declared the Missouri Compromise _________.

unconstitutional

John Brown's connections to ________ ____________ helped him raise money and recruits.

wealthy abolitionists