M.A Urinary System
Define the following terms related to nephrons: a. Glomerulus - _________________________________________________ b. Bowman's Capsule - _________________________________________________ c. Convoluted Tubules - __________________________________________________ d. Collecting tubules - __________________________________________________
-glomerulus receives the blood carried to the kidney by the renal artery and its branches. -The materials filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus are picked up by the Bowman's capsule and passed to the convoluted tubules. In the tubules, substances needed by the body are reabsorbed into the bloodstream. -Any water and excess wastes that remain in the convoluted tubules become urine that passes to the collecting tubules.
What are the ureters? What is the bladder?
-ureter is attached to each of the two kidneys. Each one is a muscular tube that uses peristalsis to move the urine to the bladder. -bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that receives the urine from the ureters and stores it until it is ready to be emptied from the body.
What is the urethra? How long is it?
-urethra is the tube that carries the urine from the bladder out of the body. -In females, the tube is about 1.5 inches (4 cm) long.\ -In males, the tube is about 8 inches (20 cm) long.
About how much of urine is water? 5% 25% 75% 95%
95%
What percentage of urine is water?
About 95% of urine is water.
What is the muscular sac that stores urine until it is ready to be emptied from the body? Ureter Bladder Urethra Urinary meatus
Bladder
CKD
Chronic kidney disease
Match the condition affecting urination with the correct definition. Anuria A. An amount of urine output that is above normal, usually more than 2,000 milliliters per day. Oliguria B. Pus in the urine. Polyuria C. Inability to empty the bladder Glycosuria D. An amount of urine output that is below normal, usually less than 500 milliliters per day. Hematuria E. Urination at night Pyuria F. No urine output. Nocturia G. Lack of voluntary control over urination. Dysuria H. Blood in the urine. Retention I. Painful urination. Incontinence J. Sugar in the urine.
F D A J H B E I C G
The urethra has the same structure in both males and females. True False
False
What are the functions of the urinary system?
Filters blood to remove wastes from it Excretes wastes from the body Helps maintain the body's acid-base balance
Which part of the kidney serves as a passageway for nerves and vessels to enter and leave? Cortex Medulla Hilum
Hilum
Dysuria
Painful unrination
Define the following terms related to the kidneys: a. Cortex - __________________________________________________________ b. Medulla - __________________________________________________________ c. Hilum - __________________________________________________________
The cortex contains nephrons, which help to produce urine. The medulla contains tubules to collect the urine and carry it through the kidney. Each kidney also has a hilum. This indented area serves as a passageway for nerves and vessels to enter and leave the kidney.
Increased fluid intake is a common part of treatment for disorders of the urinary system. True False
True
What is the tube that carries urine out of the body? Ureter Bladder Urethra Convoluted tubule
Urethra
UTI
Urinary tract infection
Why is cystitis more common in women than in men? Women have shorter urethras than men do. Women come into contact with bacteria more often. Women have larger kidneys than men do. Women tend to have poorer hygiene than men.
Women have shorter urethras than men do.
SRF
acute renal failure
What is cystitis?
an inflammation of the bladder. It can be caused by many types of bacteria, which get into the urinary tract.
What is nephritis?
an inflammation of the kidneys
BUN
blood urea nitrogen -measures kidney function
Hematuria
blood int he irine
CRF
chronic kidney failure
What is a renal calculus?
formed when uric acid and calcium salts from the urine clump together.
Glycosuria
glucose in the urine
Uremia
high levels of urea (nitrogenous waste material) in the blood
HD
homodialysis
nephr/o
kidney
ren/o
kidney
Another name for a renal calculus is
kidney stone
KUB
kidneys ureters bladder -series of x-ray films made w/o constrast
Where are the kidneys located?
located on either side of the vertebral column, behind the upper part of the abdominal cavity.
The tiny structures in the kidneys where the blood is actually filtered and urine is formed are called _______.
nephron
Anuria
no urine production
Albuminuria
protein (albumin) in the urine
pyel/o
renal pelvis
What are two other names for the urinary system?
renal system or the excretory system
Nephrolithiasis
stones in the kidney
Renal failure
the kidneys stop functioning and do not produce urine
What are nephrons?
tiny structures in the kidneys where the blood is actually filtered and urine is formed.
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
UA
urinalysis
cyst/o
urinary bladder
vesic/o
urinary bladder