Macromolecules

amino acids

Which subunits make up the structure of all proteins?

fat

Which type of molecule do whales use for energy storage and insulation?

animo acids

Which type of molecules combine to make up the protein portion of hemoglobin?

Lipids store energy and vitamins that animals need.

Why are lipids important for the survival of animals?

Amino acids can link up in different combinations.

Why are proteins among the most diverse molecules?

Proteins provide structural functions for the body.

Why are proteins important to the survival of animals?

it is a protein

A biological molecule is analyzed, and it is discovered that the molecule is composed of several amino acids. Which of these identifies the biological molecule?

nucleotides

All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA?

oxygen

Atoms of which of these elements are part of many organic molecules?

carbohydrate

Biomolecules contain a variety of atoms. Which biomolecule maintains a ratio of 1 carbon atom to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen atom?

They provide all instructions for cellular activities.

What is the significance of nucleic acids for cells?

Fats are storage molecules, while enzymes are catalytic molecules.

Fats are specialized lipid molecules, and enzymes are specialized protein molecules. How do the functions of fats and enzymes differ?

to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body

Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed. What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed provide?

Both are a source of energy.

How are the functions of a carbohydrate and a lipid similar?

Both are larger compounds; nucleic acids are made of nucleotides while proteins are made of amino acids.

How does the structure of a nucleic acid compare to the structure of a protein?

lipids

If a person's arteries become clogged, he or she might have a stroke. What is the cause of these artery-clogging deposits?

to provide structure and transport materials in cells

If nucleic acids code for proteins, which is a function of proteins?

proteins

What type of organic molecules are enzymes?

carbon

Proteins are compounds formed in the cells of plants and animals. Which element is included in every protein molecule?

lipids and carbohydrates

Which organic molecules supply energy to cells?

the complexity of their folded structure

Which property of proteins best allows them to perform an enormously diverse range of functions?

Nucleotides link together to form a nucleic acid. Amino acids link together to form a protein.

Which statements explain the primary difference between the structure of a nucleic acid and the structure of a protein?

a phosphate group, a sugar molecule, and a nitrogen base

What are the components of each nucleotide?

nucleotides that store information

What are the subunits of DNA and their function?

sequence of amino acids

What differentiates one protein from another?

Saturated fats are solid and unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.

What is a difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

DNA

What is most likely being shown?

fatty acids and glycerol

Which are the building blocks of most lipid molecules?

2

Which arrow points to the peptide bond?

It is a solid at room temperature.

Which best describes a saturated fatty acid?

They are insoluble in water.

Which best describes lipids?

Starches and lipids provide the cell with energy.

Which best describes starches and lipids?

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and RNA contains ribose sugar.

Which best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Carbohydrates provide an immediate energy source.

Which best describes the importance of carbohydrates to organisms?

They serve as cellular membrane components and as concentrated energy sources.

Which best describes the importance of lipids to organisms?

It provides the main structural elements in the cell wall.

Which best describes the importance of the carbohydrate cellulose to plant cells?

DNA contains nucleotides and codes to make amino acids, which in turn make proteins.

Which best describes the relationship between DNA and proteins?

It transports oxygen to human body tissues.

Which best describes the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

It carries genetic information.

Which best explains the function of the sequence of nucleotides?

It must be converted into glucose.

Which best explains the process that occurs in order for energy to be derived from starch?

source of energy

Which best identifies a function of carbohydrates?

lipids

Which biological molecule serves as an energy storage molecule?

carbohydrate

Which biomolecule does not have a carbon-nitrogen bond?

the composition of the R-group

Which characteristic is used to identify an amino acid?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen

Which elements combine to form carbohydrates?

glycerol

Which is a building block for a lipid?

glycogen

Which is a carbohydrate consisting of a chain of monosaccharide molecules?

to provide the body with insulation

Which is a function of lipids?

to transfer hereditary information

Which is a least likely function of lipids in plants and animals?

to supply short-term energy

Which is a least likely primary function of proteins?

fat

Which is an example of a lipid?

glucose

Which is the best example of a monosaccharide, or simple sugar?

to transport oxygen in the body

Which is the function of the protein hemoglobin?

Starches and proteins are both polymers.

Which is true about the structure of starch molecules and protein molecules?

repetitive combination of simple subunits

Which of the following explains why starch is a polymer?

hydrogen

Which of these elements is likely to be found in an organic compound?

carbohydrates

Which of these has the general chemical formula CH20?

Amino acids combine to make proteins.

Which of these statements describes how monomers combine and create macromolecules?

nucleic acid and DNA

Which organic compound is correctly paired with its subunit?

nucelic acids

Which organic compounds necessary for life are formed by a sugar bonded to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base?

cellulose

Which organic molecule is described as high in fiber?

nucleic acid : nucleotides

Which organic molecule is paired with its basic building block?

carbohydrate : to provide quick-release energy

Which organic molecule is paired with its function?

glucose

Which organic molecule is primarily used by cells as a source of energy?

glucose

Which organic molecule serves as the main source of energy for cells?

lipids

Which organic molecules are used for long-term energy storage?