Major Hormones Associated with the Human Reproductive System

GnRH's

(Produced by the pituitary gland in females) These hormones "travel" to the ovaries. Remember the GnRH's from the hypothalamus cause these to be released. Two major examples of the gonadotrphis: FSH and LH

FSH

(follicle stimulating hormone) Functions: 1)Stimulate egg/ovum/oocyte to develop in the follicle of the ovary 2) Trigger production of estrogen

GnRH's

(in females) Function: "travel" to the anterior lobe of the pituitary and cause the release of the gonadotrophins

GnRH's

(in males) Function: "travel" to the anterior lobe of the pituitary and cause the release of the gonadotrophins

FSH

(in males)(produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary)(GnRH's) Function: Stimulate sperm production in the seminiferous tubules within the testes

LH

(in males)(produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary)(GnRH's) Function: Stimulate the production of testosterone in the interstitial cells within the testes

LH

(lutenizing hormone)(in females) Function: 1) Stimulate ovulation. 2) Stimulate the formation of the corpus luteum in the follicle immediately after ovulation

lubrication, insulation, buffer, food/nutrients

3 glands provide

1/3

Fertilization occurs in the upper ____ of the oviduct.

gonad hormones

Male: testosterone Female: estrogen; progesterone

kidneys

The adrenal glands are located next to the ______. Produced in both male and female. Function: 1) Produce very small amounts of gonad hormones (testosterone and estrogen).

Oxytocin and GnRh's

What are two major examples of hypothalamus produced hormones in females?

Prolactin and GnRH's (FSH, LH)

What are two major examples of pituitary gland produced hormones in females?

FSH and LH

What are two major examples of pituitary gland produced hormones in males?

GnRH's

What is a major examples of hypothalamus produced hormones in males?

HCG

What is one embryo produced hormone?

FSH and LH

What two hormones are associated with affecting the ovary?

estrogen and progesterone

What two hormones have the most effect on the uterus?

adrenal glands

a pair of endocrine glands that sit just above the kidneys and secrete hormones (epinephrine and norepinephrine) that help arouse the body in times of stress

testosterone

a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes. Functions: 1) stimulate spermatogenesis at puberty; 2) necessary for the growth, form, and function of maintenance of sexual behavior; 3) promote the normal development and maintenance of sexual behavior 4) promote development of the secondary sex characteristics at puberty

estrogen

hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics. Functions: 1) Necessary for the growth, form and function of the female reproductive tract. 2) Promote development of the secondary sex characteristics at puberty. 3) Involved in the female reproductive cycle (menstrual cycle)

enzymes

hormones are ________; have a production site, travel to another location and have an effect on a target

progesterone

known as the "pregnancy maintainer." High levels will "keep" the endometrium intact, thus menstruation does not occur.

androgens

male sex hormones

Prolactin

produced and secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary. Function 1) causes the mammary glands to produce milk (lactation)

progesterone

produced and secreted by the corpus luteum. the corpus luteum forms in the follicle in the ovary immediately after ovulation. known as the "pregnancy maintainer." High levels will "keep" the endometrium intact, thus menstruation does not occur. Also will "block" the formation of a ovum/egg/oocyte in the ovary by inhibiting the anterior pituitary production of FSH since pregnancy has occurred. This hormone is essentially the "active" ingredient in birth control pills.

Oxytocin

produced by the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Functions 1)Cause the smooth muscle of the uterus contract forcefully during labor. 2)Stimulate the release of milk from mammary glands when baby begins to nurse.

HCG

produced by the membrane around the embryo after implanation in the uterus. Function: 1) This hormone "communicates" with the corpus luteum in the follicle that pregnancy and implantation have occurred. This "communication" will keep the corpus leteum from disintegrating and the corpus luteum will continue to produce progesterone and thus pregnancy will be maintained (no menstruation or new follicular development). is what is tested for in the urine in pregnancy tests.

progesterone

will "block" the formation of a ovum/egg/oocyte in the ovary by inhibiting the anterior pituitary production of FSH since pregnancy has occurred. This hormone is essentially the "active" ingredient in birth control pills.