Male/Female Reproductive System Test 9

what is a tubal ligation?

a medical sterilization procedure for women who are sure they don't want a future pregnancy, methods include banded, tied and cut, and cauterized, about 6 weeks recovery

testes

a pair of glands below and behind the penis, produce sperm and testosterone

fallopian tubes

a pair of tubes with fingerlike projections that draw in the ovum after being released from the ovary, the cilia within the tube and muscular contractions resulting from the movement of the egg create a forward movement, takes 2-4 days

vagina

birth canal, female sex organ, an elastic, muscular canal with a soft, flexible lining that provides lubrication and sensation that is 4-5 inches long, stretches for a baby or the penis

orgasm and ejaculation

once a male reaches puberty, he will have nocturnal emissions (wet dreams), when all male reproductive parts work together, he'll ejaculate semen

function of male

produce and store sperm, introduce sperm to female, produce hormones

pubic hair

responsible for keeping bacteria from entering the reproductive area

prostate cancer

second highest cause of men's cancer-related death because men usually ignore it, checked yearly at 55, runs in families so they start checking at 40 instead

what do the testes do in cold and warm?

shrivel up in cold and hang down in warm

perineum

skin between the vaginal opening and the anus, usually cut during birth so the baby can fit through the birth canal, called episiotomy

clitoris

small knob of tissue at the top of the reproductive area, rich supply of nerve endings and blood vessels, external organ for sexual arousal

semen

sperm, seminal fluid, and prostate fluid sperm is 5% of semen, the other fluids are 95%

primary male hormone, what other hormone?

testosterone, very little estrogen

ovaries

the female sex glands that store the ova and produce female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone), produces hormones that trigger menstruation, also release at least one egg each month for possible fertilization, ovarian cancer

circumscision

the removal of the foreskin, removed for religious and health reasons, men have less infections when it is done, if it is not done, the penis must be cleaned properly to prevent infection

menstruation

the shedding of the uterine lining, the endometrium breaks down into blood, tissue, and fluid, this will then pass through the cervix and into the vagina

uterus

the womb, a hollow, pear-shaped, muscular organ that nourishes and protects a fertilized ovum until birth, if a fertilized egg implants itself in the lining of the uterus, a baby will grow, but if the egg isn't fertilized, it will leave the body through the vagina

seminiferous tubules

tiny tubules located in the testicles, responsible for sperm production

function of female

to have babies, produce hormones, storing eggs

inner/outer labia

two folds of skin that cover and protect the reproductive area, serves as a line of protection against pathogens (bacteria) from entering the body, have some nerve endings and serve as sexual arousal

where does a vasectomy occur?

vas deferens

secondary-sex characteristics of males

voice deepens, more muscle, bones grow, grow hair, able to sexually function

erection

when a man gets aroused sexually, blood flows into his penis at a faster rate than it flows out, causing it to get larger and harder

ovulation

when a mature ovum is released into the fallopian tube each month, takes an average of 2-4 days, controlled by the release of luteinizing hormone by the pituitary gland

what is an ectopic pregnancy?

when the fetus develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopain tubes, it is a medical emergency, can cause the fallopain tube to rupture, 1/100 women run the risk of having an ectopic pregnancy

what is conception/fertilization?

when the sperm meets the egg

where must the sperm and the egg meet in order to make a baby?

fallopian tubes

fimbria

finger like projections near the ovary leading to the fallopian tubes, doesn't hold ovaries, wraps around them, when ovulation is about to occur, the sex hormones activate the fimbria, causing it to hit the ovary in a gentle, sweeping motion

cervical cancer

get a pap test once a year at either 18 or when a female becomes sexually active, runs in families

spontaneous erections

get them when not aroused, no reason for it, happens less and less frequently when a man gets older

cowper's gland

gland that releases the pre-ejaculatory fluid that cleanses the urethra so the sperm can survive their journey, fluid also helps to reduce acidity level in the female's vagina, sperm have been reported to be in this fluid

seminal vesicle

glands responsible for releasing a sugary like substance that nourishes the sperm on their journey, the substance allowed sperm to survive in a female's body for about 6-10 days (energy/food for sperm)

secondary-sex characteristics of female

grow breasts, grow hair, begin to menstruate, hips widen

foreskin

extra skin located at the tip of the penis

prostate

chestnut sized gland located just below the bladder, gland the releases an alkaline fluid that protects the sperm from the high acidic levels inside the female's body (protection for sperm)

hymen

circular fold of skin just inside the opening of the vagina, may be across the opening of the vagina, no known function, not present in all females, myth that if the females doesn't have the hymen intact that she isn't a virgin

epididymis

coiled segment of spermatic ducts that serves to store, mature, and transport sperm between the testes and the vas deferens

what occurs in the fallopian tubes?

conception/fertilization, ectopic pregnancy, and tubal ligation

gynecologist

doctor for the female reproductive system, should start going when 18 or sexually active

ova/ovum

eggs, needed to reproduce, females at birth have more than 400,000 immature ova in their ovaries

uterine lining

endometrium, blood and tissue that builds up every month on the inside of the uterus, waiting for a fertilized egg, forms placenta (filter for bad things), one of the few organs in the body that changes in size very month throughout fertile years, each month, as part of the menstrual cycle, the body prepares the endometrium to host an egg (embryo)

primary female hormones, what other hormone?

estrogen and progesterone, very little testosterone

what problems can the growth of the prostate cause?

it can interfere with functions of the body, causing bladder issues and issues with bowel movements

why do females get hips?

it makes it easier to have a baby

vas deferens

long J shaped tube that carries sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles, passage way for sperm only

scrotum

loose, wrinkly pouch of skin that holds the testes behind and below the penis, keeps them at a temperature 2-4 degrees less than normal body temperature

cervix

lower portion of the uterus, approximately 2 inches long and tubular in shape, dilates during childbirth to allow for the passage of the baby, allows for the passage of menstrual fluid from the uterus, sperm need to travel through the cervix to reach the uterus

urethra

male - passageway for urine and semen female - passageway for urine only, separate from reproductive area

penis

male reproductive organ, grows during puberty

testicular cancer

most common cancer in men 15-35, usually diagnosed in mid-30s, signs include small, hard lump on testicle, feeling of heaviness in scrotum, ache in lower abdomen and groin, change in size or consistency

how many fallopain tubes does a female have? how many are needed to get pregnant?

most have 2, but you can get pregnant with 1, you can't get pregnant with 0 without a treatment

anus

opening of the rectum, removal of solid waste

rectum

place for solid waste build up and removal