MAN 3025 Exam 2

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit? - A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization - The education level of an individual and its relation to the job or tasks she or he performs at work - The degree to which the organization's culture aligns with its strategic context - How much the culture of the organization is related to the firm's long-term financial perspective

- A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

Which type of change implementation makes employees feel the least threatened? - Adaptive change - Radically innovative change - Innovative change - Administrative change

- Adaptive change

In which step of the learning and development process does the employer identify if there are gaps in what new employees need to know and if those gaps can be filled by learning and development? - Implementation - Evaluation - Selection - Assessment

- Assessment

Maria, a senior product manager at Impasse Software, recently retired. Since sales of Maria's primary products have been declining for years, the human resource manager decides not to replace her and instead reassigns all of her subordinates to different departments. What is this an example of? - Attrition - Onboarding - Forced ranking - Turnover

- Attrition

Pacific Specialty Bikes store gets customized parts for its high-end models from a local manufacturer, Premium Supply. When the manufacturer announced a price increase, the bike store tried to switch to other local manufacturers but learned they that they wouldn't be able to meet delivery schedules. As a result, Pacific Bike chose to pay the higher prices from Premium Supply. Which of Porter's competitive forces does this demonstrate? - Bargaining power of buyers - Bargaining power of suppliers - Threats of substitute products or services - Threats of new entrants

- Bargaining power of suppliers

Select all that apply What are two factors that contribute to resistance to change? - Market characteristics - Change agent characteristics - Employee characteristics - Competitor characteristics

- Change agent characteristics - Employee characteristics

Select all that apply What are two advantages for a company that establishes deadlines? - Deadlines motivate employees to focus on the goal. - Deadlines create competition among the staff. - Deadlines ensure excellent quality work. - Deadlines aid in making quicker decisions.

- Deadlines motivate employees to focus on the goal. - Deadlines aid in making quicker decisions.

_____ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy. - Delegation - Assimilation - Modification - Accommodation

- Delegation

Factors such as the increasing number of women in the workforce and the growing number of older workers exemplify which force for change outside the organization? - Customer demands - Supplier practices - Demographic characteristics - Market changes

- Demographic characteristics

________ occurs when an employee remains in employment with the company, but their current responsibilities, pay, and perquisites are taken away. - Turnover - Attrition - Demotion

- Demotion

_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment. - Integration - Machination - Modulation - Differentiation

- Differentiation

Being placed on suspension or temporary leave as a consequence of poor performance is an example of which human resource management action? - Discipline - Demotion - Dismissal - Downsizing

- Discipline

Anton's company has undergone a massive reorganization, and hundreds of jobs have been permanently eliminated, along with Anton's job. Which of the following BEST describes Anton's dismissal? - Downsizing - Layoff - Demotion - Firing

- Downsizing

Which of the following is a demographic characteristic that is a force for change outside the organization? - Education - Productivity - Petroleum prices - Job satisfaction

- Education

Select all that apply Identify the items that are included in negotiations between management and employees while they are engaged in collective bargaining. - Employee benefits - Tax rates and payments - Employee compensation - Job security - Working conditions

- Employee benefits - Employee compensation - Job security - Working conditions

Select all that apply Research has shown that an effective employee socialization program has which of the following effects? - Enhanced job satisfaction - Reduced turnover - Improved employee performance - Stronger customer loyalty

- Enhanced job satisfaction - Reduced turnover - Improved employee performance

The agency whose job it is to enforce anti-discrimination and other employment laws is called the _____. - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission - Fair Labor Standards Board - Sarbanes Oxley Commission - Occupational Safety and Health Administration

- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Which of the following is responsible for the enforcement of antidiscrimination and other employment-related laws? - National Labor Relations Board - Equal Employment Opportunity Commission - Federal Protective Service - Occupational Safety and Health Administration

- Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Place the steps in the strategic-management process in the correct order

- Establish the mission, vision, and value statements - Assess the current reality - Formulate corporate, business, and functional strategies - Execute strategies - Maintain strategic control

Select all that apply Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation? - Establish the required structure and processes - Create a climate of employee complacency - Establish a firm hierarchy, with mechanisms of control at all levels - Get commitment from top managers - Create an innovation strategy - Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures

- Establish the required structure and processes - Get commitment from top managers - Create an innovation strategy - Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures

In which step of the learning and development process does the employer analyze whether employees' gaps in knowledge have been successfully filled? - Objectives - Implementation - Assessment - Evaluation

- Evaluation

_____ is the process that helps align the last two phases of the strategic-management process: strategic implementation and strategic control. - Diversification - Execution - Differentiation - Operations

- Execution

Salaried executives, administrative, and professional employees are exempt from over time rules as outlined in the _____. - Equal Employment Act - National Labor Relations Act - Fair Labor Standards Act - Occupational Safety and Health Act

- Fair Labor Standards Act

Which law established a minimum wage for workers, set limits for child labor, and established overtime pay? - Equal Employment Opportunity Act - National Labor Relations Act - Fair Labor Standards Act - Civil Rights Act of 1964

- Fair Labor Standards Act

Select all that apply Which two of the following are concerns that a manager should consider when an employee is promoted? - Customers' reactions - Fairness - Stock price - Nondiscrimination

- Fairness - Nondiscrimination

Ted's company has recently reorganized. He has been reassigned into a new role for which he feels unprepared, and he is not sure that he can handle his new responsibilities. Which of the following best describes the reason why Ted is resisting the change? - Fear of failure - Personality conflict - Peer pressure - Climate of mistrust

- Fear of failure

Select all that apply What are common reasons that employees resist change? - Familiarity with innovation - Fear of the unknown - Peer pressure - Loss of status or job security

- Fear of the unknown - Peer pressure - Loss of status or job security

Select all that apply What are likely to cause resistance to change? - Fears about job security - Reinforcing rewards systems - The potential for loss of status - Preservation of cultural traditions

- Fears about job security - The potential for loss of status

Select all that apply What are Porter's four competitive strategies? - Focused-differentiation - Differentiation - Cost-leadership - Cost-focus - Vertical integration - Single-product - Related diversification

- Focused-differentiation - Differentiation - Cost-leadership - Cost-focus

_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values. - Formal statements - Slogans and sayings - Stories, legends, and myths - Rites and rituals

- Formal statements

At Hudson Food Company, managers permit experimentation, risk taking, and tolerate failure. Which step of supporting innovation does this represent? - Fostering an innovative culture and climate - Disciplining employees that resist progress - Executing the process well - Gaining allies by communicating your vision

- Fostering an innovative culture and climate

Select all that apply When crafting a solution to a problem during a performance appraisal, what should employers do? - Set consequences that are intimidating to the employee. - Get the employee's input. - Communicate the problem and planned solution to the rest of the office. - Make themselves available for further questions or feedback.

- Get the employee's input. - Make themselves available for further questions or feedback.

Select all that apply Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries. - Hollow - Virtual - Modular - Mechanistic - Tall

- Hollow - Virtual - Modular

_____ management refers to the activities related to planning for, attracting, developing and retaining an effective workforce. - Financial - Business operations - Human resource - Supervisory

- Human resource

Select all that apply What are the three parts of a systems model of change? - Regulation - Inputs - Outputs - Target elements of change - Directives

- Inputs - Outputs - Target elements of change

Select all that apply Which of the following are among the seven methods of fostering innovation? - Create a climate of employee complacency - Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures - Create an innovation strategy - Establish a firm hierarchy, with mechanisms of control at all levels - Get commitment from top managers - Establish the required structure and processes

- Institute the necessary human resource policies, practices, and procedures - Create an innovation strategy - Get commitment from top managers - Establish the required structure and processes

What is the intended benefit of the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal? - It shields the company from legal action by subjecting all employees to the same treatment. - It highlights any biases or perceptual errors in the appraisal process. - It encourages managers to reward top performers and discipline poor performers. - It encourages employees to participate in the appraisal process and to think critically about their own performance.

- It encourages managers to reward top performers and discipline poor performers.

Select all that apply What are reasons that the forced ranking approach to performance appraisal is falling out of favor? - It results in reduced employee performance. - It requires significantly more time and effort than other forms of performance appraisal. - The system gets rid of talented as well as untalented people. - It creates legal risk due to the perception of bias.

- It results in reduced employee performance. - The system gets rid of talented as well as untalented people. - It creates legal risk due to the perception of bias.

Select all that apply According to Bryan Barry, which of these are things a manager can do to keep a strategic plan on track? - Mix it up - Stay positive - Keep it simple - Stay focused - Engage people - Keep moving

- Keep it simple - Stay focused - Engage people - Keep moving

What is the BEST example of a mutual-benefit organization? - Hospital - Labor union - Humane shelter - University

- Labor union

Place the steps of the planning/control cycle in the correct order:

- Make the plan - Carry out the plan - Control the direction by comparing results with the plan - Control the direction by correcting deviations and/or improving future plans

Select all that apply What is achieved by integration of innovation activities into business strategies? - Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation. - Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization. - Human capital resources are drastically increased. - Innovation by the competition becomes irrelevant.

- Management is encouraged to dedicate resources to innovation. - Employees feel committed to innovation in the organization.

Which is a purpose of organizational development(OD)? - Designing products - Managing conflict - Investigating the competition - Providing training

- Managing conflict

Which of these situations provides an external opportunity that the company may exploit to gain competitive advantage? - Kevin's insurance group received a good rating. - Jack's food processing plant faces strict government scrutiny. - Monica's rare book company has weak competition. - Norm's engine manufacturing facility is outdated and needs new equipment.

- Monica's rare book company has weak competition.

Select all that apply Which of these represent measurable goals? (select all that apply) - Measures should be taken to drastically improve customer service. - No more than 50% of cars should be sold below MSRP. - Customer service agents should improve customer relations by making 10 follow-up calls each week.

- No more than 50% of cars should be sold below MSRP. - Customer service agents should improve customer relations by making 10 follow-up calls each week.

Which of these requires organizations to provide employees with nonhazardous working conditions? - NLRB - OSH Act - EEO - ERISA

- OSH Act

What is a common cause of employee resistance to change? - Personality agreement - A climate of trust - Peer pressure - Reinforcing reward systems

- Peer pressure

Of the three core processes of business identified by Bossidy and Charan, which do they believe is the most important? - Operations - Strategy - People

- People

Select all that apply What are the stages of the Lewin model for change? - Refreezing - Unfreezing - Changing - Shattering

- Refreezing - Unfreezing - Changing

Which of the following is an adaptive change in an organization? - Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the organization - Introduction of a technique that is new to the organization's industry - Introduction of an innovative change by an organization's top management - Introduction of a method that is new to the organization

- Reintroduction of a practice familiar to the organization

Select all that apply Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? - Rituals - Values - Sales - Awards -Decorations

- Rituals - Awards -Decorations

A(n) _____ analysis is an assessment of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats affecting the organization. - VRIO - trend - SWOT - benchmark

- SWOT

Select all that apply The second step of the strategic-management process involves assessing the organization's current reality. Which of these are tools for assessing the current reality? - SWOT analysis - trade analysis - VRIO analysis - benchmarking - quality managing - forecasting

- SWOT analysis - VRIO analysis - benchmarking - forecasting

Which of the following BEST describes "demassification"? - Offering mainstream products to a broad marketplace - Eliminating bottlenecks in distribution - Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups - Offshoring jobs to countries with cheaper labor and production costs

- Segmenting customer groups into smaller, more specialized groups

Select all that apply Which terms describe good performance expectations? - Vague - Specific - Ambitious - Achievable

- Specific - Achievable

Select all that apply Which two of the following are some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture? - Stories - Status symbols - Rites - Rewards

- Status symbols - Rewards

A clan culture has what three characteristics? - Strives to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction - Encourages collaboration among employees - A family-type organization - Structured work environment aimed at effectiveness and efficiency - Profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction

- Strives to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction - Encourages collaboration among employees - A family-type organization

Which statement about organizational development is true? - Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions. - Training is the most successful type of organizational development intervention. - It best to master one intervention and use it in all situations. - Single interventions are generally more effective than multiple interventions.

- Successful organization development usually involves multiple interventions.

Which of the following occurs in the horizontal organizational design? - Internal boundaries are strengthened. - People with similar occupations are put together. - Employees are grouped around regional locations. - Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.

- Teams are used to improve collaboration and work.

Select all that apply According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? - A person eating a tuna sandwich during their lunch break - The BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees - A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat

- The BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees - A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat

Which three things should be included in a firm's business model? (Select all that apply.) - The firm's expected revenues and expenses - A description of the industry the firm is entering - The firm's standards for measuring success - The firm's marketing strategy - The firm's strategy for achieving its goals

- The firm's expected revenues and expenses - A description of the industry the firm is entering - The firm's marketing strategy

Select all that apply What are supertrends that are currently affecting the future of business? - The overall speed of product releases is decreasing. - Simple, one-size-fits-all solutions are becoming more popular. - The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers. - Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not information.

- The way we work is being impacted by offshore suppliers. - Competitive advantage is coming increasingly from knowledge, not information.

Select all that apply Many employers are wary of giving references for which of the following reasons? - They suck up resources and energy from management, who may have to spend too much time on the phone or writing letters. - They fear that if they give a positive reference for someone who doesn't work out in a new job, they may be sued by that person's new employer. - They fear that negative reviews may result in former employees suing the company. - They may not be able to rehire good employees if they move to a better job.

- They fear that if they give a positive reference for someone who doesn't work out in a new job, they may be sued by that person's new employer. - They fear that negative reviews may result in former employees suing the company.

You own a small deli near campus and learn that the university is exploring whether it should open a Subway sandwich franchise in the Student Union. Which of Porter's competitive forces does this represent for you? - Bargaining power of suppliers - Rivalry among competitors - Threat of new entrants - Bargaining power of buyers

- Threat of new entrants

Sasha has run a small diner near the train station for the past ten years. Six months ago, a chain restaurant serving gourmet burgers and sandwiches opened up near him and he has had to re-think his menu. He added some specialty sandwiches and free fries with every burger in order to retain his customers. Which of Porter's five competitive forces has affected Sasha's business? - Threats of substitute services - Bargaining power of suppliers - Threats of new entrants - Bargaining power of buyers

- Threats of new entrants

Select all that apply Which of the following are typical reasons for which employees might be transferred? - To allow them to work with friends in another department - To solve organizational problems by using their skills at a another location - To retain their interest and motivation by being presented with a new challenge - To solve employee problems, such as personal differences with a boss - To broaden their experience in being assigned to a different position

- To solve organizational problems by using their skills at a another location - To retain their interest and motivation by being presented with a new challenge - To solve employee problems, such as personal differences with a boss - To broaden their experience in being assigned to a different position

True or false: Multiple organizational development interventions have been found to work better than single interventions.

- True

True or false: According to Bossidy and Charan, execution is the central part of any company's strategy. - True - False

- True

True or false: Many small business owners do not engage in strategic planning. - True - False

- True

True or false: One reason a company might create a bad strategic plan is because it might make incorrect assumptions about what will happen in the market going forward. - True - False

- True

_______ occurs when an employee abandons, resigns, retires, or is terminated from a job, and the employer seeks to replace him or her. - Onboarding - Attrition - Turnover

- Turnover

Select all that apply Which of the following two initiatives are the focus of strategic human resource planning? (Check all that apply.) - Attracting employees through marketing initiatives - Understanding current employee needs - Financing employee needs, both current and future - Predicting future employee needs

- Understanding current employee needs - Predicting future employee needs

What strategy do employers use to eliminate the risk of bias in job interviews? - Write a description of the personal attributes that the candidate must have and ignore those who do not fit the profile. - Use a committee of three or more people to design, conduct, and evaluate the interview. - Conduct a random drawing to select which candidate receives a job offer. - Have multiple job candidates interview in the same room at the same time.

- Use a committee of three or more people to design, conduct, and evaluate the interview.

What are companies doing to respond effectively to increasing segmentation of the marketplace? - Promoting the same product to all potential customers - Engaging in conversations with individual consumers - Following a traditional sales model - Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

- Using more narrowly targeted marketing messages

Select all that apply What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure? - How things get done - Who reports to whom - Who specializes in what work - How employees are responsible

- Who reports to whom - Who specializes in what work

What would occur in the third step of management by objectives? - You and your manager meet to review progress. - You are compensated for your work achievements. - You and your manager jointly set objectives. - You prepare action plans.

- You and your manager meet to review progress.

Benchmarking is defined as - a hypothetical extension of a past series of events into the future. - a process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations. - envisioning or projecting the future.

- a process by which a company compares its performance with that of high-performing organizations.

Performance management is defined as - rating employee gradations in performance according to scales of specific behaviors. - a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations. - assessing an employee's performance and providing them with feedback.

- a set of processes and managerial behaviors that involve defining, monitoring, measuring, evaluating, and providing consequences for performance expectations.

Human resource (HR) management is defined as - activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce. - the economic or productive potential of employee knowledge, experience, and actions. - determining, by observation and analysis, the basic elements of a job.

- activities managers perform to plan for, attract, develop, and retain an effective workforce.

An innovative culture is a place where failures are ______ the organization's culture. - an accepted part of - the ultimate goal of - forbidden from existing in - ignored by

- an accepted part of

Peter evaluates his sales staff based upon sales volume and gross margin on each sale. This BEST describes _____. - an objective appraisal - 360-degree feedback - a subjective appraisal - peer reviews

- an objective appraisal

Select all that apply SMART goals: - are attainable - are measurable - are specific - are impossible - have target dates - have sustainability - are results-oriented

- are attainable - are measurable - are specific - have target dates - are results-oriented

Select all that apply Which of the following represent competitive forces used in Porter's model for industry analysis? - retraining of existing employees - bargaining power of buyers - training of new employees - threat of substitute products or services - rivalry among competitors - failure of new entrants - threats of new entrants - bargaining power of suppliers

- bargaining power of buyers - threat of substitute products or services - rivalry among competitors - threats of new entrants - bargaining power of suppliers

George is a customer service associate in an upscale supermarket. The monetary payment he receives in exchange for performing his job is referred to as _______. - benefits - base pay - incentives - bonuses

- base pay

Managers can reduce mistrust and resistance to change by ______. - surprising employees with changes - breaking up group relationships - being open and honest about changes - using a nonreinforcing reward system

- being open and honest about changes

Companies pursuing a cost-leadership strategy keep costs/prices _____ those of competitors and target a _____ market. - below; wide - below; narrow - above; wide - above; narrow

- below; wide

Insurance, retirement plans, health club memberships, and education reimbursement are just a few examples of compensation in the form of _____. - base pay - benefits - wages - incentives

- benefits

Nicole receives ______, such as sick-leave days, vacation days, and free parking, from her employer. - incentives - benefits - bonuses - wages

- benefits

A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks. - centralized - adjustable - mechanistic - boundaryless

- boundaryless

Select all that apply What two things does the BCG matrix evaluate? - business growth rates - cost of goods sold - market share - economies of scale

- business growth rates - market share

A document that outlines a proposed firm's goals, its strategy for achieving those goals, and the standards for measuring success is known as a _______. - business plan - SMART goal - vision statement - mission statement

- business plan

The process of ensuring that the strategic goals set at the top align with more specific short-term goals at lower organizational levels is known as _____ goals. - SMART - cascading - divisional - organization-wide

- cascading

Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change. - ceremonies - stories - communications - slogans

- ceremonies

In terms of SMART goals, an "attainable" goal is _____. - easily achieved by employees - one that meets cost guidelines - impossible to meet - challenging but achievable

- challenging but achievable

A _____ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control. - clan - market - adhocracy - hierarchy

- clan

Research shows that employees have more positive work attitudes in organizations with a(n) _____ culture. - market - hierarchy - clan - adhocracy

- clan

The process of negotiation between labor unions and management to resolve disputes concerning benefits, compensation, working conditions, and job security is known as ______. - a greenfield venture - collective bargaining - antidumping - equal pay laws

- collective bargaining

In the elements of organizations, ________ unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being. - common purpose - coordinated effort - division of labor - hierarchy of authority

- common purpose

Organizational development can be used to manage ______ within an organization. - conflict - diversity - profits - promotions

- conflict

The process of fitting the organization to its environment is referred to as the _______ approach to organizational structure. - contingency - virtual - hollow - category

- contingency

Strategic _____ involves monitoring the execution of strategy and taking corrective action when necessary. - integration - control - supply - differentiation

- control

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through _______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor. - hierarchy of authority - span of control - coordinated effort - division of labor

- coordinated effort

Which level of strategic management focuses on the organization as a whole? - corporate-level - functional-level - task-level - business-level

- corporate-level

Which level of strategic management focuses on the organization as a whole? - task-level - business-level - corporate-level - functional-level

- corporate-level

If you focus on (1) keeping costs, and hence prices, of a product or service below those of your competitors and (2) targeting a wide market, you are using a __________ strategy. - focused-differentiation - cost-leadership - differentiation

- cost-leadership

One assumption of a systems approach to change is that change ______. - creates a ripple effect through an organization - can be mitigated through clear management hierarchies - should be avoided at any cost - relies on having a culture where failure is not an option

- creates a ripple effect through an organization

Select all that apply Organizational design is concerned with which two activities? - creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies - minimizing all forms of accountability within an organization - excluding responsibility from the organizational structure - creating structures of accountability and responsibility

- creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies - creating structures of accountability and responsibility

The first step in the strategic-management process is to establish the mission, vision, and values statements. The firm's values statement: - expresses the organization's purpose or reason for being - states what the organization wants to become and where it wants to go strategically - describes what the organization stands for, its core priorities, the values its employees embody, and what its products contribute to the world

- describes what the organization stands for, its core priorities, the values its employees embody, and what its products contribute to the world

Organizational _____ is a set of techniques for implementing planned change to make people and organizations more effective. - development - mission - value - production

- development

The common term used to describe the techniques for implementing planned change to make people and companies more effective is called organizational ______. - development - intervention - placement - diagnosis

- development

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly _____ it is. - accommodated - differentiated - integrated - customized

- differentiated

Which of Porter's competitive strategies are appropriate when addressing a narrow market? - cost-focus - diversification - cost-leadership - focused-differentiation

- diversification

Select all that apply Which of the following represent traditional organizational designs? - hollow - modular - divisional - matrix - simple - functional

- divisional - matrix - simple - functional

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions. - differentiation - structure - effectiveness - focus

- effectiveness

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by - celebrating important achievements with activities and ceremonies. - creating narratives about events that happened in the organization. - outlining what is important to the organization through its acronyms, sayings, and slogans. - embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

- embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by - celebrating important achievements with activities and ceremonies. - embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements. - creating narratives about events that happened in the organization. - outlining what is important to the organization through its acronyms, sayings, and slogans.

- embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements.

The third step in the organization development process is ______. - evaluation - feedback - diagnosis - intervention

- evaluation

According to the BCG matrix, a company will do better in a _____ market in which it has a high market share. - fast-growing - slow-growing

- fast-growing

Sometimes changes on the job are intimidating and lead to self-doubt. In this case, employees are most likely to resist change due to _______. - personality conflicts - peer pressure - fear of failure - poor timing

- fear of failure

An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure. - hierarchical - stabilized - typical - flattened

- flattened

Select all that apply Which of Porter's competitive strategies are appropriate when addressing a narrow market? - focused-differentiation - cost-leadership - diversification - cost-focus

- focused-differentiation - cost-focus

A _____ is a vision or projection of the future that is made following a SWOT analysis. - strategy - cyclic pattern - market analysis - forecast

- forecast

In business, a specific commitment to achieve a measurable result within a stated period of time is called a _____. - strategy - tactic - goal - plan

- goal

A business that wants to reach more customers and hires more employees to get this done is focusing on a _____ strategy. - growth - defensive - stability

- growth

A grand strategy that involves expansion of things like sales revenues, market share, or number of employees is known as a(n) _____ strategy. - growth - defensive - stability

- growth

Select all that apply Organizational culture: - helps employees understand why the organization does what it does - is written down clearly in the organization's code of conduct - represents beliefs and values shared among workers - is the social glue that binds members of the organization together - encompasses beliefs, knowledge, and behavior patterns, but not values - is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring - significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization

- helps employees understand why the organization does what it does - represents beliefs and values shared among workers - is the social glue that binds members of the organization together - is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring - significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization

Select all that apply Organizational culture: - helps employees understand why the organization does what it does - represents beliefs and values shared among workers - is written down clearly in the organization's code of conduct - encompasses beliefs, knowledge, and behavior patterns, but not values - significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization - is the social glue that binds members of the organization together - is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring

- helps employees understand why the organization does what it does - represents beliefs and values shared among workers - significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization - is the social glue that binds members of the organization together - is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring

Miriam's mother was in the army, so as a child, Miriam moved a lot. It was rare for her to spend more than a year in any location, which meant she was always the new girl in school and had a hard time making friends. She was often lonely and unhappy as a result. Recently, Miriam's company decided to move into a new building and reorganize the different departments. Miriam is likely to be resistant to this change because ______. - she has a great fear of the unknown and surprises - her childhood predisposed her to dislike change - the move will result in disruption of group relationships - the company is promoting a climate of mistrust

- her childhood predisposed her to dislike change

If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure. - adhocracy - powerful - hierarchical - flat

- hierarchical

People's reaction to change depends largely on ______. - whether or not they are highly educated - how long they have been working for the organization - how much they enjoy their jobs - how they were taught to handle change as children

- how they were taught to handle change as children

Organizations use ______ such as commissions, profit-sharing, bonuses, and stock options to attract and retain top performers. - incentives - givebacks - fringe benefits - base pay

- incentives

Samantha is employed as a sales engineer in a large medical products firm. The _______ of her job include commission on the sales she generates, quarterly performance bonuses, and stock options. - nonmonetary compensation - base pay - fringe benefits - incentives

- incentives

The process of creating something new that can be applied profitably is referred to as ______. - constancy - innovation - invention - creativity

- innovation

A plan for being innovative that requires a company to integrate its innovation activities and business strategies is a(n) ______. - resource analysis - required structure process - human capital plan - innovation strategy

- innovation strategy

A set of interdependent processes and structures that dictate how a company seeks out problems and solutions, synthesizes ideas into a business concept and product design, and chooses projects for funding is a(n) ______. - knowledge process - innovation competition - innovation system - organizational system

- innovation system

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, - materializes in discrete parts of a task done by different people in the organization. - unifies employees and gives them a shared understanding of the organization's reason for being. - is a control mechanism for making sure the right people do the right things at the right time. - is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort.

- is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort.

Andre's company is restructuring, and he is unhappy about it. As a result of the restructuring, Andre will be managing four employees instead of nine. He is most likely resistant to the change because it ______. - lacks a reinforcing reward system - is being done in a climate of mistrust - is resulting in a loss of status - creates peer pressure

- is resulting in a loss of status

Employees are more likely to resist change if ______. - it preserves company culture - they trust their leaders - they do not fear failure - it is a surprise

- it is a surprise

An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes,or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture. - leaders - strategy - statements - mission

- leaders

To be successful, strategic planning requires a company to have a _____ orientation. - short-term - long-term

- long-term

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with _____ cultures. - hierarchy - adhocracy - clan - market

- market

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____. - modular - mechanistic - contingency - network

- mechanistic

Top-down structure and rigid rules are characteristics of a(n) _____ organization. - adhocracy - organic - decentralized - mechanistic

- mechanistic

A firm's business _______ should include a description of the need the firm will fill, the operations of the firm, its components and functions, and the expected revenues and expenses. - model - strategy - plan - statement

- model

Diversification involves - expansion of sales revenues. - little or no significant strategic change. - moving into new lines of business.

- moving into new lines of business.

In organizational culture, a story is a(n) - narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value. - process by which people learn the values, norms, and behaviors required to participate as organizational members. - activity or ceremony that celebrates important accomplishments in the organization's life. - object or action that is used to convey an organization's most important values.

- narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value.

Innovations must be ______. - physical - disruptive - novel - incremental

- novel

Performance appraisals that are based on facts and are often numerical are referred to as _______ appraisals. - reactive - objective - subjective - proactive

- objective

Management by ______ is a four-step process in which managers and employees jointly set objectives, develop action plans, review performance, and appraise and reward employees. - objectives - mission - goals - means

- objectives

Symbols in organizational culture represent - narratives based on true events which are repeated to emphasize particular values. - activities that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life. - people whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization. - objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

- objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its _____. - vision statements - espoused values - observable artifacts - basic assumptions

- observable artifacts

When considering SWOT analysis, what is an example of an organizational weakness? - minimal competition - skilled workforce - strong financing - obsolete technology

- obsolete technology

When considering SWOT analysis, what is an example of an organizational weakness? - strong financing - obsolete technology - minimal competition - skilled workforce

- obsolete technology

Programs that help employees to integrate and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, cultures, and politics by clarifying work-role expectations and responsibilities are known as _________ programs. - recruiting - hiring - onboarding

- onboarding

It is the function of the _____ to take the strategic plan and develop actionable short-term goals that a business can achieve. - operating plan - tactical plan - vision statement - mission statement

- operating plan

Creating employee schedules is BEST described as a task that is part of - operational planning - strategic planning - functional planning - tactical planning - controlling

- operational planning (lower tier managers)

Environmental factors that an organization may exploit for competitive advantage are called organizational ______. - strengths - opportunities - weaknesses - threats

- opportunities

A(n) _____ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people. - organization - adhocracy - culture - team

- organization

Select all that apply What four characteristics are being addressed in a VRIO analysis? - replacement - organization - rarity - value - intent - obsolescence - imitability - variety

- organization - rarity - value - imitability

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart. - networking - mission - values - organizational

- organizational

Helping a new employee learn the ropes of the organization and fit easily into the new job is known as ______. - selection - orientation - recruitment - performance appraisal

- orientation

When Keisha started her new job, she went through ______ to help her transition and fit smoothly into the job and organization. The company is small so this process consisted primarily of employees welcoming her, "showing her the ropes," and inviting her to the annual picnic that was coming up soon. - education - orientation - training - management

- orientation

Sustainable competitive advantage exists when - your company can do something more efficiently than your - competitors. - one firm outperforms another firm in profits. - other companies cannot duplicate the value that an organization delivers to customers.

- other companies cannot duplicate the value that an organization delivers to customers.

Select all that apply Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? - outcomes - heroes - activities - processes

- outcomes - activities - processes

Within a SWOT analysis, an organizational threat will come from _____ the company. - inside - outside

- outside

Min's company is implementing a new product approval system that is far more complex and restrictive than the old system. This will not affect Min directly because she is in the marketing department, but it will affect her friend Tyler, who is in the Research and Design department. As a result, Min speaks out against the new system. This is an example of resistance to change due to ______. - poor timing - personality conflicts - peer pressure - fear of failure

- peer pressure

Select all that apply What are the three core processes of business identified by Bossidy and Charan? - people - competition - operations - finance - strategy

- people - operations - strategy

A _____ consists of assessing an employee's performance and providing him or her with appropriate feedback. - performance appraisal - marketing mix - vision statement - mission statement

- performance appraisal

The continuous cycle of improving job performance through defining performance, monitoring and evaluating performance, reviewing performance, and providing consequences is known as _____. - training - development - performance appraisal - performance management

- performance management

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as _____. - person-job fit - person-role fit - person-work fit - person-organization fit

- person-organization fit

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent? - rites and rituals - formal statements - stories and legends - physical design

- physical design

The purpose of _____ is to set goals and decide on the courses of action that will be used to achieve them. - organizing - leading - controlling - planning

- planning

Strategic positioning attempts to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by: - preserving what is distinctive about a company - changing key aspects of a company's identity - performing similar activities as those of rivals and in similar ways

- preserving what is distinctive about a company

Changing the appearance or the performance of a product or a service, or the creation of a new one, is called ______ innovation. - behavioral - market - customer - product

- product

When a change is made to a product or service that changes its appearance or performance, this is known as a(n) ______ innovation. - product - incremental - process - radical

- product

Moving an employee to a higher-level position is called ________. - turnover - attrition - promotion

- promotion

Making changes in response to problems or opportunities as they arise, rather than attempting to foresee them, is referred to as ______ change. - proactive - reactive - preemptive - anticipatory

- reactive

As the human resource manager for her firm, Candace is responsible for identifying and attracting qualified applicants for available positions within the organization. This role is known as _____. - development - job analysis - performance management - recruiting

- recruiting

The process of locating and attracting qualified applicants either outside or inside an organization for jobs open in the organization is called _____. - arbitrage - entrepreneurialism - recruiting - forecasting

- recruiting

Individuals who are asked to provide assessments of former employees are known as _____. - references - applicants - referees - head hunters

- references

If employees feel fairly treated by their managers during an organizational change, they are less likely to _______ the change. - accept - facilitate - resist

- resist

An emotional/behavioral response to real or imagined threats to an established work routine is known as ______. - adaptive change - creativity - resistance to change - innovative change

- resistance to change

Reactive change is change that ______. - anticipates problems or opportunities - responds to problems or opportunities as they arise - results from a consensus - creates opposition and controversy

- responds to problems or opportunities as they arise

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your _____. - power - delegation - responsibility - authority

- responsibility

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them. - heroes - rituals - stories - rewards

- rewards

Organizations can use _____, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture. - formal statements - legends and myths - slogans and sayings - rites and rituals

- rites and rituals

Employees preparing action plans represents the _____ step in management by objectives. - second - first - fourth - third

- second

Select all that apply Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: - send a strong message about the culture - recreate historical narratives - encourage employee productivity

- send a strong message about the culture - encourage employee productivity

Although commitment from all members of an organization is important, if ______ in particular are not committed to achievement of the organization's innovation goals, the goals are unlikely to be achieved. - senior leaders - mid-level managers - employees - consultants

- senior leaders

Select all that apply Strategic planning: - should be done approximately every ten years - should communicate general goals and ways to achieve them - requires visionary and directional thinking - focuses primarily on the organization's short-term goals

- should communicate general goals and ways to achieve them - requires visionary and directional thinking

An employee transfer within an organization is thought of as moving ______, because the employee is moving to a position of similar responsibility. - up - sideways - out - down

- sideways

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____. - divisional structure - simple structure - matrix structure - functional structure

- simple structure

The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to _____. - span of control - hierarchy of authority - chain of command - horizon of specialization

- span of control

A _____ plan is developed for activities that occur repeatedly over time. - tactical - standing - single-use - process

- standing

A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value. - rite - ritual - story - symbol

- story

Developing a systematic, comprehensive strategy for understanding current employee needs and predicting future employee needs is referred to as ____ human resource planning. - production - deferred - capital - strategic

- strategic

A(n) ________ provides a guide for a company's long-term goals. - vision statement - mission statement - strategic plan - operations plan

- strategic plan

Michael Porter defined _____ as an attempt to achieve sustainable competitive advantage by preserving what is distinct about a company. - cost-leadership - domestic rivalry - economy of scale - strategic positioning

- strategic positioning

Increasing segmentation of the marketplace and the need to get products to market faster in light of competitors' specialized solutions are examples of ______ currently influencing the future of business. - niche trends - microtrends - supertrends - discontinuous trends

- supertrends

When other companies cannot duplicate the value provided by a competitor, then the competitor has established a(n) _____ competitive advantage. - sustainable - VRIO - ambiguous - benchmark

- sustainable

In terms of organizational culture, a _______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others. - ritual - story - symbol - hero

- symbol

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____. - tall - wide - flat

- tall

The company's mission statement tells us - what the company wants to become. - the company's reason for being. - where the company wants to go strategically. - what the company cares most about.

- the company's reason for being.

The fourth and final step in management by objectives involves _____. - the manager and employee periodically reviewing the employee's - performance - the manager making a performance appraisal and rewarding the employee according to the results - the manager and employee jointly setting objectives for the employee - the employee developing an action plan

- the manager making a performance appraisal and rewarding the employee according to the results

The fourth and final step in management by objectives involves _____. - the manager and employee periodically reviewing the employee's performance - the manager and employee jointly setting objectives for the employee - the manager making a performance appraisal and rewarding the employee according to the results - the employee developing an action plan

- the manager making a performance appraisal and rewarding the employee according to the results

Newly-implemented government regulations have reduced the availability of raw materials for Blair Woodworking Corp. This would be considered an external organizational ______ in a SWOT analysis. - strength - opportunities - weakness - threat

- threat

Achievement of strategic goals through organization development is likely to fail if ______. - top managers are not committed - it involves new-direction innovation - leaders employ an innovation strategy - the organization does not understand the competition

- top managers are not committed

Select all that apply The three types of organizational design are: - traditional - sectional - open boundaries - horizontal

- traditional - open boundaries - horizontal

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured _____ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values. - myths - training - rituals - slogans

- training

Select all that apply Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture? - training - profits - role modeling - coaching

- training - role modeling - coaching

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, - ensures the right people do the right things at the right time. - arranges discrete parts of a task done by different people. - coordinates individual efforts into group effort. - unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being.

- unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being.

When you ask "does this resource or capability allow our firm to exploit an opportunity or neutralize a threat?" you are assessing the resource or capability's _________. - imitability - rarity - value - organization

- value

When you ask "does this resource or capability allow our firm to exploit an opportunity or neutralize a threat?" you are assessing the resource or capability's _________. - value - rarity - imitability - organization

- value

When would a company use a VRIO analysis? - when analyzing current market share among competing brands - when reorganizing staff - when determining manufacturing work schedules - when deciding whether or not a new product might work in the marketplace

- when deciding whether or not a new product might work in the marketplace

An organization's vision represents - the organization's purpose. - the profits the organization wants to earn. - where the organization wants to go. - what the organization cares most about.

- where the organization wants to go.

Select all that apply Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true? - workgroups are used to improve collaboration - internal boundaries are broken down - cross-functional teams are eliminated - this design is also called a team-based design

- workgroups are used to improve collaboration - internal boundaries are broken down - this design is also called a team-based design

What is the first step in management by objectives? - Employees propose action plans. - Managers and employees periodically review the employee's - performance. - Managers and employees jointly set objectives for the employee. - Managers make a performance appraisal and reward the employee according to the results.

Managers and employees jointly set objectives for the employee.

The ________ approach to management emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation. - strategic - modular - structural - contingency

contingency

Select all that apply A performance appraisal is likely to contain which two of the following types of information? - Assessment of performance - Realistic job preview - Performance feedback - Job analysis - On-the-job training

- Assessment of performance - Performance feedback

______ is the basic wage or salary paid to employees in exchange for doing their jobs. - Base pay - A bonus - A benefit - Incentive compensation

- Base pay

Which legislative act was passed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees? - Fair Labor Standards Act - Civil Rights Act of 1964 - Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) - Equal Employment Opportunity Act

- Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

Select all that apply Which of these are common methods for conducting job interviews? (Check all that apply.) - Phone call - Written letter - Face-to-face - Videoconferencing

- Phone call - Face-to-face - Videoconferencing

Select all that apply Which of the following are not legal bases for hiring and promotion decisions? - Job-related experience - Religion - Gender - Education - Skin color

- Religion - Gender - Skin color

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______. - attitude - culture - demeanor - policies

- culture

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______. - demeanor - culture - policies - attitude

- culture

Refusing to hire or promote an individual or making other employment decisions based upon factors such as ethnicity, religion, or gender is referred to as workplace ____________________.

- discrimination

Select all that apply Compensation includes: - wages or salaries - benefits - job descriptions - incentives

- wages or salaries - benefits - incentives