MAN 320F Exam 2 Pritchett

[13] Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward? -A sense of accomplishment -A feeling of responsibility -A promotion to a higher position -A chance to learn something new

-A promotion to a higher position

[13] Which of the following defines motivation? -It is the attractiveness or desirability of a reward or outcome. -It is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. -It is the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an organization's external environment. -It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

-It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal

[13] Which of the following statements describes positive reinforcement? -It weakens behavior by following behaviors with undesirable consequences. -It weakens a behavior by making it less likely to occur in future. -It strengthens behavior by withholding an unpleasant consequence of a specific behavior. -It strengthens behavior by following behaviors with desirable consequences.

-It strengthens behavior by following behaviors with desirable consequences.

[15] Which of the following is true of transformational leaders? -They are able to make their followers feel that they are a vital part of their organization. -They make sure that employees do not have to make any sacrifices for their organization. -They reward followers for good performance and punish them for poor performance. -They do what is best for themselves instead of for their organizations.

-They are able to make their followers feel that they are a vital part of their organization.

[11] Which of the following is a difference between a quid pro quo case and a case of hostile work environment? -In a quid pro quo case, an individual submits to sexual harassment, whereas in a hostile work environment case, an individual resists sexual harassment. -A quid pro quo case deals with the sexual harassment of male employees, whereas a case of hostile work environment deals with the sexual harassment of female employees. -A quid pro quo case can result in economic injury, whereas a case of hostile work environment can lead to psychological injury. -In a quid pro quo case, discrimination is intentional, whereas in a case of hostile work environment, discrimination is unintentional.

A quid pro quo case can result in economic injury, whereas a case of hostile work environment can lead to psychological injury.

[3] Trisha is appointed as the new CEO of an automobile manufacturing company. She decides to introduce a new set of organizational policies to improve company-wide performance. According to the new policies, all employees and managers are required to be present at their desks for a minimum of eight hours each day and submit a report of all the tasks they perform through the day. In this scenario, Trisha is most likely using _____.

Behavioral Addition

[3] _____ is the process of having managers and employees perform new behaviors that are central to and symbolic of the new organizational culture that a company wants to create.

Behavioral Addition

[3] Helene, a senior manager of an accounting firm, replaces a few of the company's existing processes and policies. Instead of the flexible nine-hour work plan, she makes it mandatory for all employees to work from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. In this scenario, Helene is most likely using _____.

Behavioral Substitution

[3] __________ is the degree to which a supplier relies on a purchaser because of the importance of that purchaser to the supplier and the difficulty of finding other purchasers for its products.

Buyer dependence

Maya was told that the tickets for her favorite band's concert would be available online for purchase. She assumed that she would not be able to purchase the tickets from anywhere else. That was not the case because the tickets could be purchased at the venue as well. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

Closure

[15] A ________ is an informal communication network that involves numerous people sharing information with a few of their friends, leading to the shared information flowing freely and quickly through the organization.

Cluster Chain

[3] Arthur started an organic food store with the purpose of helping the farmers in his hometown. All the business discussions and decisions in the company are based on this purpose. This scenario best illustrates the _____ of Arthur's organization.

Company Mission

[3] Glittenra is the largest local silver store in the town of Casempton. Famegems, a large silver jewelry chain of stores, wants to set up an outlet in Casempton. Before finalizing the decision to set up the store, the marketing team of Famegems conducts a detailed study on the business, marketing strategies, and customer base of Glittenra. In this scenario, which of the following is the marketing team of Famegems most likely using?

Competitive Analysis

[3] Optalama, a leading chain of optical stores, follows the practice of conducting surveys to study the strategies used by other optical stores in the city in which it operates. To maintain its position as the market leader, it monitors the other stores' strengths, weaknesses, and advertising and marketing campaigns. In this scenario, which of the following is Optalama most likely using?

Competitive Analysis

[15] _____ is feedback intended to be helpful, corrective, and/or encouraging.

Constructive feedback

[15] After Axcess Systems lost a major client, it decided to change its organizational structure. To communicate organizational change to employees, the top management sends out an email containing a detailed account of its new strategic plan to all employees. In the context of formal communication channels, this scenario illustrates _____.

Downward Communication

[15] Ethereal Feels is a food catering company. It wants to revamp its business in order to expand its customer base. The top management of the company makes an official announcement to all its employees about its new business model. In the context of formal communication channels, this scenario illustrates _____.

Downward communication

[15] Wilvade Inc. has modified the work timings for its employees. The employees of the company believe that the new timings are inconvenient and voice their concerns to the management. The management tries to understand the perspective of the employees and is willing to address their issues. In this scenario, the management of Wilvade Inc. is most likely using _____.

Empathetic listening

[15] In the context of the communication process, _____ refers to putting a message into a written, verbal, or symbolic form that can be recognized and understood by the receiver.

Encoding

[15] Nathan, a sales executive, drafts an email to communicate his weekly sales report to his manager. In the context of the communication process, Nathan is engaging in _____.

Encoding

[13] Miguel is a fashion designer at an apparel company. Despite his seniority in the company, his salary is lower than that of the entry-level fashion designers in the company. Because of this, he is looking for another job. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?

Equity theory

[13] Ruth, a cashier at a private bank, strongly believes that no matter how much effort she puts in or how many hours she works overtime, she will not be offered a promotion in the next 10 years. In this scenario, Ruth's beliefs are in accordance with _____.

Expectancy theory

[13] T/F Extrinsic rewards are given to motivate people to look for better jobs outside a company.

False

[13] T/F McClelland's Learned Needs Theory suggests that people are motivated by physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs.

False

[3] Proactive monitoring of customers involves identifying and addressing customer trends and problems after they occur.

False

[3] T/F Environmental complexity refers to the extent to which managers can understand or predict which environmental changes and trends will affect their businesses.

False

[3] T/F Environmental scanning does not contribute to organizational performance.

False

[3] T/F Under the 1991 Civil Rights Act, if an employee is sexually harassed by anyone at work, the harasser—not the company—is liable for damages, attorneys' fees, and back pay.

False

[3] T/F Environmental uncertainty refers to the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an organization's external environment.

False

[15] In the context of the communication process, _____ makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message.

Feedback

[15] In the context of formal communication channels, a day-shift nurse coming in at 7:30 a.m. for a half-hour discussion with the midnight nurse supervisor who leaves at 8:00 a.m. is an example of _____.

Horizontal communication

[11] What is the difference between structured interviews and unstructured interviews?

In structured interviews, interviewers prepare standardized interview questions ahead of time; whereas, in unstructured interviews, interviewers are free to ask applicants anything they want.

[3] The health awareness board in the country of Gelhanwa made it mandatory for all brands that sell tobacco and tobacco products to display a disclaimer highlighting the dangers of tobacco on their product covers. In the context of the specific environment, this scenario best illustrates the effect of the _____ on organizations.

Industry regulation component

[15] Which of the following is true of supportive leadership?

It involves being approachable to employees and treating them as equals.

[15] Which of the following statements is true of listening? -It is the process of perceiving sounds. -It is the same as hearing. -It is making a conscious effort to hear. -It is an involuntary physiological process.

It is making a conscious effort to hear.

[15] Alex is a law attorney at Cooper Enterprises. His client, Maggie, is seeking a divorce from her husband of two years. Since she is unemployed, Alex recommends that she should apply for alimony. Maggie is unable to understand the term used by Alex. Alex explains to her that she can request her husband to pay for spousal support after divorce. In this scenario, the term "alimony" exemplifies _____.

Jargon

[15] Alfred, an architect at Abode Inc., uses the term "spatial organization" while communicating to his client. The client is unable to understand the term used by Alfred. In this scenario, the term "spatial organization" exemplifies _____.

Jargon

[13] In industrial psychology, which of the following equations best represents job performance? Job Performance = Instrumentality/(Expectancy × Valence) Job Performance = Motivation/(Ability × Effort) Job Performance = Motivation × Ability × Situational Constraints Job Performance = Instrumentality × Expectancy × Valence

Job Performance = Motivation × Ability × Situational Constraints

[13] Which of the following steps a manager can take to use goal-setting theory as a motivational tool for his employees?

Make sure workers truly accept organizational goals.

[3] Most of the managers and team members of Wilbesht, a pharmaceutical company, are under the age of 40. The structure of the company is informal and flexible. This scenario best illustrates Wilbesht's _____.

Organizational Culture

[15] Brady knew by the sternness in his boss's voice that he was unhappy with Brady's work. The sternness in the boss's voice is an example of _____.

Paralanguage

[15] Cora called the electricity board of her neighborhood to inquire about the frequent power outages. The person on the other end of the line did not respond appropriately. He sounded distracted and gave long pauses while communicating with her. The speaking pattern of the person's voice is an example of _____.

Paralanguage

[15] When accused of theft, Mike stammered and spoke hesitantly. That proved his guilt. In this case, stammering and speaking hesitantly are examples of _____.

Paralanguage

[15] ____ is the process by which individuals attend to, organize, interpret, and retain information from their environments.

Perception

[13] As the chief innovation officer of a textile firm, Leroy has the ability to motivate employees to work toward organizational goals. He has an entrepreneurial outlook and an adventurous personality. He also has extensive knowledge of the company's products and target audience. In the context of McClelland's Learned Needs Theory, Leroy is most likely motivated by the need for _____.

Power

[3] ______________ involves identifying and addressing customer needs, trends, and issues before they occur.

Proactive monitoring

[13] Which of the following steps can managers take to use equity theory to motivate employees?

Reducing inputs

[13] Ampertonde, a company that sells consumer durables, decides to take its top 20 best-performing salespeople on a cruise for two weeks. When the top performers are on the cruise, the other salespeople who are not among the top 20 will have to report for work. Which of the following theories of motivation does this scenario best illustrate?

Reinforcement theory

[13] Sam is a customer service executive at Flix—an apparel store. He went beyond his primary role of assisting customers to suggesting or styling outfits for them. This gesture was well appreciated by the customers. The company's manager immediately rewarded Sam with a bonus for his good performance. Which of the following theories of motivation did Sam's manager adopt in this scenario?

Reinforcement theory

[3] Cheizza, a pizza vendor in the country of Wisbane, believes that the taste of fresh cheese in its pizzas is its unique selling point. However, because of the increase in the number of pizza vendors in Wisbane, the demand for cheese increased drastically. The amount of milk produced in the country was insufficient to meet the increased demand for cheese. In the context of changing environments, which of the following does this scenario best illustrate?

Resource Scarcity

[3] Tradcuisie Souvenirs is a company that manufactures souvenirs that represent the traditional arts of the country Yeingir. For the past few years, the business of Tradcuisie Souvenirs has been declining because of a shortage of artisans who have learned traditional crafts. In the context of the general environment, this scenario best illustrates the effect of the _____ on organizations.

Sociocultural Component

[3] Ecru Inc. is a company that provides dairy products and meat to a fast food chain. The fast food chain regularly buys these food items from Ecru. In this scenario, Ecru is a _________ of the fast food chain.

Supplier

[3] Identify a component of the general environment that indirectly affects all organizations.

Technology

[15] Go Everywhere is a travel and tourism company that sells holiday packages. For one of its customers, the package planned did not pan out as it was supposed to. To address this issue, the manager of the holiday team, Mason, reached out to his subordinates for solutions. In the end, he makes his own decision to resolve the issue. In the context of the normative decision theory, which of the following decision styles has Mason adopted in this scenario?

The CI decision style

[13] T/F According to goal-setting theory, managers should assign challenging goals to motivate employees

True

[3] T/F Instead of taking a smoke break every two hours, employees at a local company were asked to take an extra 30 minutes for lunch. This is an example of behavioral substitution.

True

[15] According to the normative decision theory, in which of the following situations should a group decision style be used?

When subordinates are likely to disagree or end up in conflict over a decision

[11] When Tamara applied for the position of a fashion photographer at a monthly magazine, she had to go through an interview test that assessed her photography skills and her capability to operate effectively under pressure. Given this information, which of the following selection tests did Tamara most likely undergo?

a specific ability test

[11] While hiring a human resources manager at Naongiam, an automobile dealer, applicants were given the details of a fictitious company and asked to assume a role in it. They had to solve personnel issues in the company in a given amount of time. This in-basket exercise was administered via computer and reviewed by a trained evaluator. This scenario illustrates that Naongiam used _____ for the selection of a human resources manager.

assessment centers

[15] Misha is a new employee at Jonas Inc. He regularly seeks guidance from Nathan, a senior employee, on how to perform his job-related tasks effectively. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

coaching

[15] Xanat is grief-stricken after the death of her mother. Consequently, her productivity at work is suffering. Humberto, her supervisor, calls her for a meeting to discuss her deteriorating performance. Xanat tells him that she is finding it difficult to concentrate at work after her mother's death. Humberto recommends that Xanat should seek help from the company's Employee Assistance Program. This scenario illustrates the concept of _____.

counseling

[11] Darlene Jespersen used to work in a sports bar. Despite being nominated by her manager for a promotion for her outstanding performance, the nomination was rejected; and a male coworker was awarded the promotion. Subsequently, Darlene's manager informed her that she was not promoted because the post requires working extra hours, and the management considered that to be a difficult task for a female employee. This is an example of _____.

disparate treatment

[15] _____ is used to give organizational members job-related information, to give managers and workers performance reviews from upper managers, and to clarify organizational objectives and goals.

downward communication

[15] Henry, a project manager at Octagon Corp., delivers a personal note of appreciation to all his employees for the hard work they put into a recent project. This is an example of _____.

encoding

[13] ______ says that people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

equity theory

[13] _______ says that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

expectancy theory

[13] When people perceive that they have been underrewarded, they tend to _____

experience anger or frustration

[13] Citrus Inc., a leading Internet service provider, provides its top managers with a bonus every year. However, this year the company performed poorly and its average stock price dropped below the industry standards. The company decided not to reward the managers this time around. This scenario typically illustrates the reinforcement contingency of _____.

extinction

[13] Edwin has been working as a commissioning editor in a publishing firm for the past two years. To reward him for his excellent performance, the company promotes him to the position of head editor. This scenario best illustrates a(n) _____.

extrinsic reward

[13] Victor, a software engineer, accepted a project for developing an easy-buy application for cell phones. The project had a stringent deadline that other engineers deemed impossible to complete. With proper planning and motivation, Victor was able to develop the application on time. Victor's accomplishment was rewarded with a pay increment. In this scenario, Victor was awarded a(n) _____ for his efforts.

extrinsic reward

[11] T/F The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 is a major labor law.

false

[15] Studies show that transactional leadership is much more effective on average than transformational leadership.

false

[11] Identify a subjective performance measure.

graphic rating scales

[13] Pyramid Inc. conducted its employee performance appraisals. One of the clerks, Fiona, is unsatisfied with her appraisal as she feels that she was underrewarded in comparison with her co-workers, despite her hard work. She is frustrated and tries to talk to her boss about it in the hopes that the issue will be resolved. In this scenario, Fiona is trying to _____ to restore equity.

increase her outcomes

[13] When people perceive that they have been treated unfairly, they may try to restore equity by: _______

increasing outcomes

[15] Angela, a manager at Exuberance Inc., believes in giving special attention to the needs of employees, creating learning opportunities for them, accepting and tolerating differences, and listening to their problems. Which of the following components of transformational leadership is illustrated in this scenario?

individualized consideration

[15] In the context of the components of transformational leadership, ________ means that transformational leaders encourage followers by providing meaning and challenge to their work.

inspirational motivation

[13] In the context of expectancy theory, ______ is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards.

instrumentality

[15] ______ means that transformational leaders encourage followers to be creative and innovative, to question assumptions, and to look at problems and situations in new ways even if their ideas are different from those of leaders.

intellectual stimulation

[15] How does Fiedler's contingency theory differ from other situational theories?

it assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change

[15] In the context of nonverbal communication, _____ include arm and hand gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, folding arms, crossing legs, and leaning toward or away from another person.

kinesics

[15] When the chief executive officer of a large corporation received an award for groundbreaking performance at an award ceremony, the employees of the company applauded for him and gave him a standing ovation. Applauses and standing ovations are examples of _____.

kinesics

[15] Most of the information in a company: _______

moves along organizational grapevines

[13] In the context of equity theory, pay, fringe benefits, status symbols, and job titles and assignments are examples of _____.

outcomes

[15] According to path-goal theory, the subordinate contingency of _____ refers to how capable subordinates believe they are in doing their jobs well.

perceived ability

[11] To get a job as a web content manager at Glentap, an e-commerce site, one must be organized and excellent at meeting deadlines, must be hardworking, and must possess excellent editing and proofreading skills. This is because Glentap's management believes that these capabilities cannot be developed through training. In this scenario, which of the following selection tests does Glentap most likely conduct to hire the right candidates?

personality tests

[15] _____ is an important part of empathetic listening because it demonstrates that you understand the speaker's emotions.

reflecting feelings

[15] Isaac manages a team of software engineers at Progress Technologies. One of his subordinates, Luke, is always late to work. Owing to this, Isaac prefers him the least. However, he always has nice things to say about Luke. He feels that Luke deserves to be part of his team because he is pleasant, friendly, and communicative. In this scenario, Isaac has a(n) _____ leadership style.

relationship oriented

[15] Rachel is a manager at Eco Toys. Colin is her least preferred coworker because he meddles with the store accounts frequently. Despite this, she allows him to continue working at the store because he is insightful and supportive of new ideas that help in increasing the store's popularity. In this scenario, Rachel has a(n) _____ leadership style.

relationship oriented

[15] _____ is the ability to anticipate, envision, maintain flexibility, and work with others to initiate changes that will create a positive future for an organization.

strategic leadership

Kendra is a retail manager at Shonder Corp. She needs to respond to customer complaints regarding a product and fix the problem. To do that, she has to decide on either scrapping the product or replacing it with a different brand. Based on the success and favorable online reviews of an alternate brand, she decides to switch to a different brand. In the context of the normative decision theory, which of the following decision styles has Kendra adopted in this scenario?

the AI decision style

[15] Daniel is the owner of a footwear manufacturing company. To increase the production of footwear on a weekly basis, he orders his workers to work long hours on all seven days of the week. Also, he often rejects his workers' requests for leave. Consequently, they have a low morale. In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Daniel using in this scenario?

the authority compliance style

[15] Will is the owner of a start-up. While hiring employees, he does not pay much attention to their previous performance records. However, he is very particular about employee attitude toward the organization. He mostly recruits outgoing people who he believes would effectively interact with customers. In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Will using in this scenario?

the country club style

[15] John is a manager at First Strike Technologies. He is lethargic and complacent. He cares very little about his job and his team members, usually assigns them less challenging work, and is indifferent to their lack of sincerity. In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is John using in this scenario?

the impoverished style

[15] Andrew leads a team of 15 sales coordinators. As a team leader, he gives some degree of autonomy to his subordinates. Andrew ensures that the targets are met without the employees getting stressed out. In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Andrew using in this scenario?

the middle of the road style

[15] Which of the following is true of leaders?

they focus on mission, vision, goals, and organizational objectives

[11] T/F Like other major human resource decisions, employee termination decisions should be made on the basis of job-related factors.

true

[15] T/F Path-goal theory assumes that leaders can change and adapt their leadership styles.

true

[13] In the context of equity theory, _____ occurs when a referent's outcome/input (O/I) ratio is better than one's own O/I ratio.

underreward

[11] Due to disagreement between senior interviewers at Calvtipy, a publishing firm, the human resources department gave each of the senior interviewers in the company the opportunity to conduct interviews individually. They were also allowed to decide the number of rounds for each interview. This scenario best illustrates _____.

unstructured interviews