MAN3025 Chapter 2

closed system

A _____________ has little interaction with its environment and receives little feedback from the outside.

controlling

According to Henri Fayol, the major functions of management are planning, organizing, leading, and ___________.

integration

According to Mary Parker Follett, ___________ is a process whereby conflicts should be resolved by having mangers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties.

bureaucracy

According to Max Weber, a ___________ was a rational, efficient, ideal organization based on principles of logic.

Formal rules and procedures A clear division of labor Careers based on merit A well defined hierarchy of authority

According to Max Weber, a better performing organization should have five positive characteristics. Which of the following are included in Weber's characteristics?

A clear division of labor

According to Max Weber, a better performing organization should have which one of the following positive bureaucratic features?

create barriers to obtaining company information

All of the following are key functions or roles that managers must perform to create learning organizations EXCEPT:

isolating employees from management

All of the following are part of W. Edward Deming's philosophy of "good management" EXCEPT:

Evidence -based management

Bringing rationality to the decision-making process is a major aim of which type of management?

total quality

Eric's management style leads him to focus on training his team, improving customer satisfaction, and continuously improving the quality of his organization's products and services. Eric uses _____ _______ management.

scientific management

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth pioneered the _____________________ theory.

Industrial engineering

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth were pioneers in scientific management. Which profession did they come from?

social

Goodwill, respect, trust, and teamwork among workers are all examples of ______ capital.

Serves as a source for new ideas. Provides clues to the meaning of your managers' decisions. Provides a guide to action.

Identify benefits of studying different management perspectives from yesterday and today.

Managers and subordinates work together in unity

In Mary Parker Follett's version of organizations operating as communities, which of the following is true?

Identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work. Study jobs and determine which people are best suited for specific jobs. Devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests.

In which ways did Munsterberg suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry?

Psychology Sociology Economics

Indicate which disciplines are considered to be behavioral sciences.

equipment money people raw materials

Indicate which items are considered inputs into a system.

soldiering

John works as a mechanic at XYZ Auto. Most days, although he could work much more quickly and efficiently, he deliberately works at less capacity. Taylor would explain that John is __________.

facilitators

Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ____________ rather than dictators.

managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more efficiently

Operations management focuses on:

distinguishing them from competitors

Quality is seen as one of the most important ways of adding value to products and services, thereby ____________________________________.

Labor was in short supply

Scientific management emerged in the early 1900s as a way to combat which of the following basic economic problems?

productivity would be increased

Taylor believed that by applying the four principles of science to prevent/eliminate soldiering:

soldiering

Taylor believed that managers could eliminate __________ by applying the four principles of science.

scientific principles

Taylor thought that _____________________ should be used to plan the work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.

Showing that good human relations could improve productivity Drawing attention to the importance of "social man"

The Hawthorne studies were important due to which two of the following contributions?

systems

The _______ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.

Hawthorne

The _________ Effect examined workers' productivity when they thought they were receiving special attention.

classical

The _________ viewpoint emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently, and had two branches: scientific and administrative.

closed

The classical management viewpoint often considered an organization a(n) ______ system.

historical

The classical, behavioral, and quantitative viewpoints fall under the __________ perspective of management.

open

The concept of ____ systems is based on a continuous feedback process in order to make sure that old mistakes are corrected and new mistakes are avoided.

feedback

The fourth part of a system that provides information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs and affects the inputs is called:

Douglas McGregor

The human relations movement theorist who developed the Theory X and Theory Y concepts was:

the effects if lighting levels on worker productivity

The original investigation of the Hawthorne studies was:

transformation process

The part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called:

Total quality management Quality control Quality assurance

The quality-management viewpoint includes which three of the following concepts?

quality control

The strategy for minimizing errors at each stage of production is called:

complexity theory

The study of how order and patterns arise from very complicated, apparently chaotic systems is called:

Jeffrey Pfeffer Robert Sutton

The two original proponents of evidence-based management are:

McGregor

The two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement were Abraham Maslow and Douglas ________, who developed the Theory X and Theory Y concepts.

True

True or False: Virtual organization members can work from anywhere in the world as long as they can be connected to the Internet.

True

True or false: A supervisor who considers her employees to be unwilling to learn new things is a Theory X manager.

True

True or false: Abraham Maslow developed a hierarchy of human needs in an effort to explain motivation.

True

True or false: Employee satisfaction is considered an output of an organization.

False

True or false: Gary Hamel believes that management is static; most views and theories about management from the past still hold true today.

True

True or false: Joseph M. Juran suggested with his concept of "fitness for use" that the best way to focus a company's efforts was to concentrate on the real needs of customers.

True

True or false: Quantitative management is the application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations.

True

True or false: Through the rational management of resources and the distribution of goods and services, operations management ensures that a company operates efficiently and effectively.

Henri Fayol Max Weber

Which individuals pioneered Administrative Management theory?

Contingency

Which management viewpoint asks the question: "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?

Behavioral viewpoint

Which management viewpoint placed emphasis on the importance of understanding human beings and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement?

Contingency

Which management viewpoint would seem to be the most "practical" of all the ones discussed because it analyzes on a case-by-case basis and caries the solution accordingly?

Outputs Transformation process Feedback Inputs

Which of the following are parts of a system?

Workers may act in a way that confirms the manager's expectations

Which of the following best describes the major contribution of McGregor's Theory X versus Theory Y?

Quality-management viewpoint

Which of the following contemporary perspectives focused on quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management?

Managers should work cooperatively with employees

Which of the following follows Mary Parker Follett's recommendation to managers?

Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties. Organizations should be operated as "communities," with managers and subordinates working together in harmony. The work process should be under the control of workers with the relevant knowledge, instead of managers.

Which of the following ideas belonged to Follett's views on power sharing among employees and managers?

Withhold the workers pay if they do not perform the work methods according to the one best way.

Which of the following is NOT a step in Frederick W. Taylor's four-principle approach to scientific management?

An open system continually interacts with its environment.

Which of the following is correct regarding an open system?

Prepares you for every possible management issue that may arise.

Which of the following is not a reason to study the theoretical perspectives of management?

Elton Mayo

Which of the following was a primary researcher of the Hawthorne studies?

Imaginative and creative Accepting of responsibility Capable of self-direction

Which of the following would be considered characteristics of Theory Y workers?

Peter Drucker

Who is the author of the book, "The Practice of Management," which proposed that management was one of the major social innovations of the 20th century and that it should be treated as a profession like medicine or law?

Quality

_______ is the ability of a product or service to meet customer needs.

Quality control

_______________ techniques were developed by Walter Shewart, who used statistical sampling to locate errors by testing just some of the items in a particular production run.

Hugo Munsterberg

________________ was called the "father of industrial psychology" due to his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces.

Quality assurance

_________________ focuses on the performance of workers, urging employees to strive for "zero defects."

Management science

__________________ focuses on using mathematics to aid in problem solving and decision making.

Management science

__________________ stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning.

Frederick W. Taylor

___________________ is best known for defining the techniques of scientific management, and is known as the "father of scientific management."

Administrative management

_________________________ is concerned with managing the total organization.