Mana Exam 2 - Chapter 7

According to Harry Levinson, self-image is the embodiment of a person's perfect self.

False

Counterdependence, a healthy, secure interdependent pattern of behavior, is a personality attribute strongly related to social relationships

False

Damian is a professional gymnast and ranks number 5 in his country. However, he considers his short temper to be a terrible flaw and thinks it makes him a bad person. He believes the only way to be considered successful is to be the number 1 gymnast in the country. This makes Damian feel very stressed. According to one of the four approaches to stress, Damian is feeling stressed due to factors such as perception and cognitive appraisal.

False

Every person has the same threshold as to the amount of stress he or she can take before they break down.

False

George, a line cook at a fast-food restaurant, has been flipping burgers for more than 5 years at the same place. The management does not wish to change his position or give him a promotion. Due to this, George begins to experience apathy, and his job performance suffers. In this scenario, George is experiencing a psychological response to job stress called burnout.

False

Healthy stress does not exist.

False

Interrole conflict is caused by opposing expectations related to a single role.

False

Which of the following statements is true of the person-environment fit approach to stress?​

Stress occurs when the role expectations are confusing and/or conflict with one's skills and abilities.

Clara has always been very competitive. She finds it important to be popular and well liked and always wishes to achieve more. She gets aggressive when disturbed and hates being late in general. Due to these personality characteristics, Clara is likely to be at risk for coronary heart disease.

True

Dramatic changes at work and lack of control are some of the major causes of work stress.

True

Flexibility training is an important type of exercise because muscular contractions are associated with the stress response.

True

In the context of the stress response, adrenaline activates the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine (hormone) system.

True

Individual differences, such as gender and Type A behavior pattern, enhance vulnerability to strain under stressful conditions.

True

Lisa and Mark work for the same company, have the same designation, and report to the same manager. Unfortunately, both Lisa and Mark experienced sexual harassment at the work place. This caused them a significant amount of stress. Research indicates that Mark is more likely than Lisa to abuse alcohol as a coping method.

True

Nonwork demands may broadly be identified as impositions from an individual's personal life environment and self-imposed restrictions.

True

Primary prevention is a stage in preventive stress management designed to reduce, modify, or eliminate the demand or stressor causing stress.

True

Problem-focused coping emphasizes managing the stressor.

True

Psychological counseling, career counseling, physical therapy, medical treatment, surgical intervention, and other therapeutic techniques are available to people who need help.

True

Role ambiguity and role conflict are two major categories of role stress at work.

True

Stress is a great asset in managing legitimate emergencies and achieving peak performance.

True

The final result of the role negotiation process should be a clear, well-defined focal role with which the incumbent and organizational members are all comfortable.

True

Which of the following is a difference between counterdependence and overdependence?

When faced with stressful situations, counterdependent people withdraw, whereas overdependent people cling to other people in any way possible.

The key elements in a person's work and nonwork social support system provide _____.

evaluative feedback

57. Males are more vulnerable at an earlier age to:​

fatal health problems such as cardiovascular disorders.

In the context of preventive stress management, _____ are designed to increase task motivation while reducing role conflict and ambiguity.

goal-setting activities

People who have _____ resist strain reactions when subjected to stressful events more effectively than do people who are not sturdy.

hardy personalities

In the context of the cognitive appraisal approach to stress, problem-focused coping emphasizes:

managing the stressor.

According to Walter B. Cannon's _____ to stress, the body is designed with natural defense mechanisms to keep it in homeostasis.

medical approach

Which of the following is true of individuals who possess Type A personality?

​They are aggressive, hostile, and demonstrate a quest for achievements.

Which of the following is true of positive thinking?

​When one cultivates an optimistic frame of mind, bad life events are bathed in a positive light.

An employee assistance program is:

​an individual prevention approach to stress reduction.

Aerobic exercise:​

​enhances a person's ability to manage stressful demands.

The _____ appears to use commitment, control, and challenge actively to engage in transformational coping when faced with stressful events.

​hardy personality

The person-environment fit approach to stress emphasized the:​

​idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person.

Role conflict results from:​

​inconsistent or incompatible expectations.

Self-reliance is a healthy, secure _____ pattern of behavior.

​interdependent

A manager who presses employees for both very fast and high-quality work would likely cause:​

​intrarole conflict.

Learned optimism is:

​is one of the five dimensions of positive organizational behavior.

Secondary prevention is intended to:

​modify an individual's or an organization's response to a demand.

A manager instructs an employee to ship an item with a minor defect to a customer in violation of the employee's personal values. This is an example of:​

​person-role conflict.

Most organizational prevention is _____, including job redesign, goal setting, role negotiation, and career management.

​primary prevention

A manager's decision to increase worker control in a given task is an example of:

​primary prevention.

The two major categories of role stress at work include:

​role conflict and role ambiguity.

The stage in preventive stress management designed to heal individual or organizational symptoms of distress and strain is called:

​tertiary prevention.

The job strain model suggests that:

​the combination of stringent demands and restricted control leads to a high-strain job.

The Yerkes-Dodson law indicates that:​

​the greatest performance benefits from stress are achieved in the mid-range of the Yerkes- Dodson curve.

A person or event that triggers the stress response is known as _____.​

A demand

Strain is also known as _____.

Distress

Martina, an employee at a tailor shop, can stitch up to 2 good-quality shirts per day. However, her employer insists that she complete a bulk order within a very short period of time without error or delay. In this scenario, Martina is stressed due to an interrole conflict at work.

False

People who have hardy personalities resist strain reactions when subjected to stressful events more effectively than do people who are not hardy.

False

The cognitive appraisal approach to stress emphasized the idea that confusing and conflicting expectations of a person in a social role create stress for that person.

False

The stress response is inherently bad and destructive.

False

Type B behavior pattern includes social status insecurity and aggression.

False

Women's behavioral responses to stress are very similar to men's responses to stress.

False

_____ was one of the first people to identify the relaxation response as the natural counterresponse to stress.

Herbert Benson

_____, a way of managing stressful events, may lead to short-term stress reduction at the cost of healthy, long-term life adjustment.

Regressive coping

Which of the following is a gender-related source of stress for working women?​

Sexual harassment

Which of the following approaches to stress is the fight-or-flight response most closely associated with?

The homeostatic/medical approach

Which of the following is true of optimistic people?

They avoid distress by framing the difficult times in their lives as temporary.

According to the homeostatic/medical approach to stress, stress occurs when deep emotions or environmental demands upset an individual's natural steadystate balance.

True

The sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine (hormone) system work together to trigger four mind-body changes that prepare a person for fight or flight.

True

Type B people often recognize Type A behavior and can help Type A individuals judge situations realistically.

True

Whether activated by an ego-ideal/self-image discrepancy, a poorly defined social role, a cognitive appraisal suggesting threat, or a lack of balance, the resulting stress response is characterized by a predictable sequence of mind and body events.

True

Work stress is caused by factors in the work environment as well as by nonwork (external) pressures that spill over into the workplace.

True

Who among the following is most closely associated with the homeostatic/medical approach to stress?​

Walter B. Cannon

Which of the following is a leading cause of work stress?​Work-family conflicts

Work-family conflictsStrain is also known as _____.

Psychosomatic disorders:

are physical ailments with mental origins.

Healthy, normal stress is known as _____.​

eustress

An employee with a major sales presentation due on Monday and a sick child at home Sunday night is likely to experience _____.​

interrole conflict

Costs of organizational distress such as absenteeism, tardiness, strikes, work stoppages, and turnover are known as _____.

participation problems

Three major costs of organizational distress are:​

participation problems, performance decrements, and compensation awards.​

An important secondary stress prevention activity for individuals is:

physical exercise.

Role ambiguity is:

the confusion a person experiences in relation to the expectations of others.

Which of the following is a task demand that causes stress?

​Dramatic changes at work

Why does role negotiation have value as a stress-management method?

​It allows individuals to modify their work roles.

Which of the following is the last step of the GP3 method of time management?

​Praising oneself for specific achievements along the way

Devon was in a plane crash and suffered quite a few injuries. For months afterward, he had nightmares about the event, and he was too scared to fly again. He avoided air travel after the accident as well as any discussions about flying or plane crashes. This helped him cope with the incident and prevent panic attacks. In the context of personality hardiness, which of the following characterizes Devon's behavior?

​Regressive coping

Which of the following organizational stress prevention methods is a type of secondary prevention?

​Team building

Which of the following is an early warning sign of workaholism?​​

​The inability to enjoy vacations and respites from work

Which of the following approaches would a supervisor follow to effectively manage an employee who has Type A behavior pattern?​

​The supervisor would provide some training to the employee on working harmoniously in a team.

Which of the following is a self-imposed personal demand?​

​Workaholism