Management 305 Test #2 Review

Discuss Hofstede's five dimensions for assessing cultures. (Individualistic Vs Collectivistic)

-Individualistic; People look after their own family interests ( United States, canada) -Collectivistic; people expect the group to look after and protect them ( thiland, mexico)

Describe foreign subsidiaries

directly investing in a foreign country by setting up a separate and independent production facility or office

Work teams

groups whose members work intensely on a specific, common goal using their positive synergy, individual and mutual accountability, and complementary skills

Define parochialism.

is viewing the world solely through your own eyes and perspectives and not recognizing that others have different ways of living and working.

Discuss Hofstede's five dimensions for assessing cultures (Long-term orientation vs Short-term orientation)

long-term orientation- People look to the future and value thrift and persistence short-term orientation-people value tradition and the past

Describe the relationships between group cohesiveness and productivity

productivity correlates with Alignment of group and organization goals. Productivity correlates with cohesiveness

Discuss how norms influence group behavior

Standards or expectations that are accepted and shared by a group's members

Define licensing

an organization gives another organization the right to make or sell its products using its technology or product specifications

Define franchising

an organization gives another organization the right to use its name and operating methods

List the characteristics of effective teams

-clear goals -external support -internal support -appropriate leadership -negotiating skills -good communication -unified commitment -mutual trust -relevant skills

discuss the challenges of managing global teams

-dislike of team members -mistrust of team members -stereotyping -communication problems -stress and tension

Define a Group and a Team. Understand the informal vs. formal

A group is two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals. Formal groups are work group defined by the organization's structure and have designated work assignments and specific tasks directed at accomplishing organizational goals. Informal groups are social groups.

Discuss how status systems influence group behavior

A prestige grading, position, or rank within a group

problem solving team

A team from the same department or functional area that's involved in the efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems

self-managed work team

A type of wok team that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete wok process or segment

virtual team

A type of work team that uses technology to link physical dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal

Cross-functional team

A wok composed of individuals from various functional specialties

Discuss Hofstede's five dimensions for assessing cultures (achievement Vs nurturing)

Achievement- values such as assertiveness , acquiring money and goods, and competition prevail. Nurturing- values such as relationships and concern for others prevail

Define importing

Acquiring products made abroad and selling them domestically

Tell the advantages and disadvantages of group decision making

Advantages;1. generate more complete information and knowledge. 2.They bring diversity of experience and perspectives to the decision process 3. they bring more legitimacy 4. increase of acceptance of a solution Disadvantages; 1 groups take more time to reach a decision. 2 dominant and vocal minority can heavily influence the final decision 3. groups share responsibilities but responsibility is ambiguous

Discuss the North American Free Trade Agreement and other regional trade alliances in Latin America

An agreement among the Mexican, Canadian and U.S governments in which barriers to trade have been eliminated

Contrast ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric attitudes towards global business.

An enthoncentric attitude is the parochialist belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country. A polycentric attitude is the view that the managers in the host country know best work approaches and practices for running their business. And a geocentric attitude is a world-oriented view that forces on using the best approaches and people from around the globe.

Explain how group norms can both help and hurt an organization

Group norms can put pressure on output levels, promptness and the amount of socializing on the job. Is it can go both ways depending on the majority of the groups performance

Discuss Hofstede's five dimensions for assessing cultures. (High power distance vs Low power distance)

High power distance; accepts wide differences in power; great deal of respect for those in authority. Low Power distance; plays down inequalities: employees are not afraid to approach nor are in awe of the boss

Discuss Hofstede's five dimensions for assessing culture. ( high uncertainty vs Low uncertainty)

High uncertainty avoidance-threatened with ambiguity and experience high levels of anxiety. Low uncertainty avoidance- comfortable with risk; tolerant of different behavior and opinions

Define exporting

Making products domestically and selling them abroad

Define global sourcing,

Purchasing materials or labor from around the world wherever it is

Explain the major components that determine group performance and satisfaction.

The Major components that determine group performance and satisfaction include external conditions, group member resources, group structure, group processes, and group tasks. External conditions, such as availability of resources, organizational goals, and other factors, affect work groups. Group member resources can influence that member can do and how effectively they will perform in a group. Group roles generally involve getting the work done or keeping group members happy. group norms are powerful influences on a persona's performance and dictate things such as work output levels, absenteeism, and promptness. Pressures to conform can heavily influence a person's judgement and attitudes. If carried to extremes, groupthink can be a problem. Status systems can be a significant motivator. What side group is most effective and efficient depends on the task the group is supposed to accomplish. Cohesiveness is related to a group's productivity. Group decision making a conflict management are important group processes that play a role in performance and satisfaction. If accuracy, creativity, and degree of acceptance are important , a group decisions may work best. relationship conflicts are almost always dysfunctional. Low levels of process conflicts and low to moderate levels of task conflicts are most relevant to a group performance when tasks are complex and interdependent

Discuss how group cohesiveness influence group behavior

The degree to which members are attracted to one another and share the group's goals

Describe the stages of group development. Forming Storming ETC.

The forming stage consists of two phases: joining the group and defining the group's purpose, structure, and leadership. The storming stage is one of intragroup conflict over who will control the group and what the group will be doing. the norming stage is when close relationships and cohesiveness develop as norms are determined. The performing stage is when group members began to work on the group's task. The adjuring stage is when the group prepares to disband

define social loafing

The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually

Discuss how group size influence group behavior

The tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually-(same def for social loafing)

Describe global strategic alliances

a partnership between an organization and foreign company partners in which both share resources and knowledge in developing new products or building production facilities

uncertainty avoidance

a society's reliance on social norms and procedures to alleviate the unpredictability of future events

Describe joint ventures

a specific type of strategic alliance in which the partners agree to form a separate independent origination for some business purpose

Discuss how roles influence group behavior

behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit

Discuss how conflict management influences group behavior

some conflicts are good for the group, like task conflict, which can stimulate discussions. other conflicts like relationship conflict can be destructive to the group because it creates bad attitudes and decreases productivity

performance orientation

the degree to which a society encourages and rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence.

humane orientation

the degree to which a society encourages and rewards individuals for being fair, altruistic, generous, caring, and kind to others.

institutional collectivism

the degree to which individuals are encourage by societal institutions to be integrated into groups within organizations and society

Power distance

the extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally

future orientation

the extent to which a society encourages and rewards future-orientated behaviors such as planning, investing in the future, and delaying gratification.

assertiveness

the extent to which a society encourages people to be tough, confrontational, assertive, and competitive rather than modest and tender

gender differentiation

the extent to which a society maximizes gender role differences as measured by how much status and decision-making responsibilities women have.

in-group collectivism

the extent to which members of a society take pride in membership in small groups, such as their family and circle of close friends and the organization s in which they're employed

Explain the role of informal (social) networks in managing teams

the role is to use connections among individuals within a group

define Groupthink

when a group exerts extensive pressure on a individual to align his or her opinion with the others' opinion

Discuss how conformity influence group behavior

when a group exerts extensive pressure on a individual to align his or her opinion with the others' opinion - ( same def for groupthink)