Management & Organizational Behavior Exam 1

________ can directly contribute to a feeling of experienced responsibility.

Autonomy

Which of the following acronyms refer to the personality dimensions in the five-factor model?

CANOE

________ is an individual's emotional and cognitive (logical) motivation, particularly a focused, intense, persistent, and purposive effort toward work-related goals.

Employee engagement

Which of the following work environment factors would support self-leadership?

Employees have some degree of autonomy.

Why don't organizational rewards improve motivation or performance very much?

Employees perceive a weak connection between their effort and the reward.

What is multisource feedback?

Information about an employee's performance is collected from a full circle of people.

________ occurs when the source of motivation is controlled by the individual and experienced from the activity itself.

Intrinsic motivation

Employees at CyberTech perform repetitive jobs that have resulted in boredom as well as repetitive strain injury. Technology makes it difficult to combine existing jobs, but the company wants to make employees more multiskilled. Which of the following would best help CyberTech to improve this situation?

Introduce job rotation.

________ characterizes people who are quiet, shy, and cautious.

Introversion

Which of the following is a disadvantage of financial rewards based on membership or seniority?

It doesn't directly motivate performance.

According to the self-leadership model, which of the following is true about positive self-talk?

It improves self-efficacy and reduces anxiety.

Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is true?

It is a poor predictor of job performance and is not recommended for employment selection or promotion decisions.

________ is the process of assigning tasks to a job.

Job design

________ is the degree to which employees can tell how well they are doing on the basis of direct sensory information from the job itself.

Job feedback

Which of the following is an advantage of job specialization?

Jobs can be mastered quickly.

________ is the core characteristic of individuals who exhibit the dark triad of personality traits.

Low humility

Which three personality traits comprise the dark triad?

Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy

________ characterizes people with high levels of anxiety, hostility, depression, and self-consciousness.

Neuroticism

The perceived probability that a specific behavior or performance level will lead to a particular outcome is which element of expectancy theory?

P-to-O

________ is the process of keeping track at regular intervals of one's progress toward a goal by using naturally occurring feedback.

Self-monitoring

Which of the following does scientific management include?

Systematically dividing a job into its smallest possible elements and assigning these divided tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them.

________ is the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole or identifiable piece of work, such as assembling an entire broadband modem rather than just soldering in the circuitry.

Task identity

________ is the degree to which the job affects the organization and/or larger society.

Task significance

Which of the following is true about stock option plans?

They give employees the right to purchase company stock at a predetermined price up to a fixed expiration date.

_________, an important factor in OB, refers to how similar a person's values hierarchy is to the values hierarchy of another entity, such as the employee's team or organization.

Value congruence

Which of the following is a reason why decisions and behavior can be inconsistent with our personal values?

We often do not actively think about our values.

According to equity theory, what is the basis used by employees when determining if a decision is equitable?

a comparison of input-outcome ratios

Rewards work best when they are valued. Which reward below would an employee most likely value?

a product of their choice from a list

In the four-drive theory, achievement, competence, status, and self-esteem are produced by the drive to

acquire.

Based on the Big Five, employees who are trusting, helpful and considerate are

agreeable.

Team rewards

are better for employees who work in interdependent jobs.

People with a high need for achievement

choose moderately challenging tasks.

Which of the following motivates employees to continuously learn skills that will keep them employed?

competency-based rewards

For most jobs, which Big Five factor is the best overall predictor of task performance?

conscientiousness

Which "Big Five" personality dimension is most valuable for predicting proficient task performance (how well people perform their job)?

conscientiousness

What are the three elements of motivation that affect voluntary behavior?

direction, intensity, persistence

Which ethical principle says that the benefits and burdens of similar individuals should be the same; otherwise they should be proportional?

distributive justice

Motivation starts with our ________, which generate emotions that put us in a state of readiness to act.

drives

Empowerment includes all of the following characteristics except

effort.

Needs are essentially ________ that we become consciously aware of and channel toward particular goals and associated behaviors.

emotions

One disadvantage of job specialization is that

employees often do not see where their job fits in the overall production output.

A job is ________ when employees are given more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work.

enriched

The ________ principle states that everyone in the group should receive the same outcomes.

equality

Liam was often praised by his former boss for his excellent customer service skills. But his new boss doesn't say anything to Liam about how well he serves customers. Over time, Liam's customer service performance decreases. This is an example of

extinction.

A significant weakness with Frederick Winslow Taylor's theory of scientific management is that it

fails to address the problem that highly specialized jobs can reduce employee motivation.

A mid-sized city introduced a reward system whereby employees would find ways to reduce costs and increase work efficiency. Every employee would receive a portion of the surplus budget resulting from these cost savings. Which of the following reward systems is this city using?

gainsharing plan

Senior executives at CloudStore must make a decision that will affect many people, and the decision may produce good or bad consequences for those affected. This decision

has a high degree of moral intensity.

Most employees in the social services section of a government department have frequent interaction with people who are unemployed or face personal problems. Which of the following personality factors is best suited to employees working in these jobs?

high agreeableness

People who value their independence and personal uniqueness have

high individualism.

Frederick Winslow Taylor was one of the strongest advocates of

high levels of job specialization.

Rosa is the advertising head of a firm. She is extremely imaginative, creative, and curious. Rosa most likely has which of the following?

high openness to experience personality

People in countries with ________ tend to have a high respect and priority for money.

high power distance

A culture which values formal relationships, obedience to authority, and an unequal distribution of power has

high power distance.

XYZ Corp. provided training and clarified job requirements. This practice improves employee motivation by

improving E-to-P expectancies.

A manager should ________ in order to increase an employee's expected satisfaction with outcomes resulting from desired performance.

individualize rewards

Tess is new to the team. She comes with quite the résumé of experience, yet it is from another company. She will need to interact with others to get the job done by sharing materials, information, and expertise. She will be engaging in task

interdependence.

People experience self-actualization by applying their skills and knowledge, observing how their talents achieve meaningful results, and experiencing personal growth through learning. These are the conditions for

intrinsic motivation.

A problem with the utilitarian principle of ethical decision making is that

it is difficult to create a cost-benefit analysis because of the immeasurable outcomes.

Team rewards are better than individual rewards when employees work in highly interdependent jobs because

it is difficult to measure individual performance in these situations.

Which of the following minimizes health risks from repetitive strain and heavy lifting because employees use different muscles and physical positions in the various jobs?

job rotation

Which of the following refers to the result of the division of labor in which work is subdivided into separate jobs assigned to different people?

job specialization

Which of the following rewards motivate employees to compete for promotions?

job status-based rewards

Yuki, a manager, is very conventional, resistant to change, habitual, and does not accept new ideas very easily. This implies that Yuki has

low openness to experience.

Which of the following psychological empowerment dimensions is possessed by employees when they care about their work and believe that what they do is important?

meaning

Which reward system tends to discourage poor performers from voluntarily leaving the organization?

membership- and seniority-based pay

Which one of the following rewards represents the largest part of most paychecks?

membership-based rewards

People who have obsessive beliefs about their own superiority have which of the following traits?

narcissism

In Schwartz's values circumplex, the _________ quadrant includes hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction.

openness to change

The strength of needs is impacted by self-concept, social norms and ________, which amplify or suppress emotions.

past experience

For rewards to be relevant, they should be tied to

performance within the employee's control.

Dylan is studying for an exam. The length of time that he studies would represent his ________ of effort.

persistence

Which of the following is the first step in self-leadership?

personal goal setting

Which of the following is an individual incentive?

piece-rate plan

Which type of justice is higher when the decision maker demonstrates neutrality, allows everyone involved to have their say, and allows an appeal of the decision?

procedural justice

A high degree of autonomy, task identity, and task significance are important conditions for

psychological empowerment

Which personality trait in the dark triad is considered the most sinister?

psychopathy

Negative reinforcement is often confused with ________, even though it is the opposite.

punishment.

According to goal setting theory, goals must be within the employee's control. In other words, goals must be

relevant.

Catrina decided to do a more enjoyable task after completing a task that she disliked. This instance is an example of

self-reinforcement.

Which of the following are included under constructive thought strategies in self-leadership?

self-talk and mental imagery

Job enlargement mainly increases which of the following?

skill variety

According to ________, people learn by observing or hearing about what happened to other people, not just by directly experiencing the consequences.

social cognitive theory

Which of the following tend to create an ownership culture and align employee behaviors more closely to organizational objectives?

stock option plans and employee share-ownership plans

One positive approach to feedback is ________, which focuses on areas of work where the employee excels or has demonstrated potential.

strength-based coaching

One strategy to support psychological empowerment is to enhance ________, which refers to changing the workplace conditions or environment.

structural empowerment

How can companies improve the pay-performance linkage?

through gainsharing and ESOPs

People with high collectivism

value harmonious relationships in the groups to which they belong.

Studies have shown that performance-based rewards

will motivate most employees but only under the right conditions