management CH 08 SB

A(n) ______ is a system of consciously coordinated activities or forces of two or more people.

organization

The extent to which your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization is referred to as person-______ fit.

organization

The competing values framework is a tool companies use to understand ______.

organizational culture

According to Schein, which organizational feature unifies employees or members and gives everyone an understanding of the organization's reason for being?

Common purpose

Organizational design is concerned with which activities? (Choose every correct answer.)

Creating structures of accountability and responsibility Creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

______ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

Formal statements

Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture?

Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes

What are the four types of organizational culture outlined in the competing values framework (CVF)?

Adhocracy Hierarchy Market Clan

______ refers to the rights inherent in a managerial position to make decisions, give orders, and utilize resources.

Authority

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization?

Awards Decorations Rituals

______ represent core, taken-for-granted, unobservable aspects of an organization's culture.

Basic assumptions

How do human resource practices contribute to an organization's strategic goals?

By making sure employees have the proper skills and motivation

______ values represent the values and norms actually exhibited in the organization.

Enacted

Which are characteristics of clan culture? (Choose every correct answer.)

Encourages collaboration among employees Promotes a feeling of family

Which are layers of organizational culture? (Choose every correct answer.)

Espoused values Observable artifacts Basic assumptions

What is the primary cause of failure for strategic initiatives?

Improper execution

What are three characteristics of an organization with a simple structure?

Low work specialization A flat hierarchy Authority in a single person

Which are advantages of decentralized authority? (Choose every correct answer.)

Managers solve their own problems Rapid decision making

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

Physical design

Which are advantages of ensuring you have good potential fit with an organization before accepting a position? (Choose every correct answer.)

Positive work attitude Reduced intention to quit Reduced work stress

What are two characteristics of decentralized authority?

Power is delegated throughout the organization Important decisions are made by middle-level managers

When is the ideal time to assess person-organization fit?

Prior to accepting a position

Some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture include which two of the following?

Status symbols Rewards

A ______ culture has an internal focus and values flexibility rather than stability and control.

clan

If important decisions are made by middle-level and supervisory-level managers and power is delegated throughout the organization, the organization has ______ authority.

decentralized

With ______, an organization can parcel out the entire complex work effort to be performed by specialists, which results in greater efficiency.

division of labor

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational ______ varies along two dimensions.

effectiveness

An organizational ______ is someone whose accomplishments embody the values of the organization and whose accomplishments are put forth to motivate other employees to do the right thing.

hero

A(n) ______ culture values stability and has an internal focus.

hierarchy

An organization's ______ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes, or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

In organizational culture, a story is a(n) ______.

narrative based on true events which is repeated in order to emphasize a particular value

The principle of unity of command was popular with early management theorists. It stressed the importance of employees reporting to ______.

no more than one manager, in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands

Symbols in organizational culture represent ______.

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of ______ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

Organizations can use ______, activities that celebrate important events or achievements for the organization, to change the organization's culture.

rites and rituals

Activities and ceremonies, planned and unplanned, that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in an organization's life are known as rites and ______.

rituals

Very ______ companies tend to be the most centralized in terms of authority.

small

The process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as members of an organization is known as organizational ______.

socialization

The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to ______.

span of control

Managers can help to change the organization's culture by paying attention to which ______ they use as narratives to symbolize the organization's vision and values to employees.

stories

When employees share a narrative about an actual event that helped create an aspect of the company's culture, they are relying on ______ to symbolize the company's vision and values.

stories

Place the steps you would use to determine your person-organization fit prior to a job interview in order, with the first step at the top.

1. Create a list of your personal values, strengths, and weaknesses. 2. Create a list of the organization's values, strengths, and weaknesses. 3. Compare your values, strengths, and weaknesses to those of the organization, and prepare questions to ask a potential interviewer regarding P-O fit.

Which factors must work in concert to produce successful strategic execution? (Choose every correct answer.)

Organizational structure Organizational culture HR practices

Match the type of divisional structure with its definition. Product division Customer division Geographic division

Product division = Groups activities around similar services and/or products Customer division = Groups activities around common clients or customers Geographic division = Groups activities around defined regional locations

Authority in organizations means ______, meaning managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks.

accountability

In organizational culture, rites and rituals represent ______.

activities and ceremonies that celebrate important occasions and accomplishments in the organization's life

A(n) ______ culture values flexibility and has an external focus.

adhocracy

In organizational socialization, the ______ phase occurs before one joins the organization. During this phase the person learns, from web sources, current employees, etc., what the organization's job needs and values are and how their own needs, values, and skills might fit in.

anticipatory

What are the phases of organizational socialization? (Choose every correct answer.)

anticipatory change and acquisition encounter

When important decisions are made by high-level managers, the organization has ______ authority.

centralized

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through ______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.

coordinated effort

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.

culture

Observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions are the three levels of organizational ______.

culture

Formal statements can help to change an organization's culture by ______.

embedding the culture in various organizational materials such as the mission, vision, and values statements

In organizational socialization, the ______ phase takes place when a person is first hired and comes to learn what the organization is really like and how to adjust her/his expectations.

encounter

Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflect its ______ values.

espoused

Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the ______.

explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers

A ______ organization is defined as one with an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them.

flat

An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a ______ structure.

functional

In a two-person operation, one may specialize in the outward-facing tasks such as sales while the other specializes in the internal jobs such as research and production. In a large firm, there may be vice presidents for each task such as marketing, finance, and HR. These examples represent different types of ______.

horizontal specialization

The part of an organization chart that shows different jobs or work assignments is called ______.

horizontal specialization

Human resource practices encompass everything an organization uses to manage its ______.

human capital

More positive organizational outcomes are associated with ______ cultures.

market

The type of organizational culture that has a strong external focus and values stability and control is a(n) ______ culture.

market

The readily apparent symbols and manifestations of an organization's culture are called its ______.

observable artifacts

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

organizational

In organizational culture, a hero is a(n) ______.

person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values

The degree to which someone's personality and values align with the organizational culture of a firm is called ______.

person-organization fit

In organizational culture, socialization represents the ______.

process by which people learn the values, norms, and required behaviors that permit them to participate as organizational members

In an organization's culture, basic assumptions: (Choose every correct answer.)

represent the organization's core values are difficult to change are often taken for granted are not observable

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your ______.

responsibility

Organizations wishing to change their culture may alter their physical layout and design in order to: (Choose every correct answer.)

send a strong message about the culture encourage employee productivity

A ______ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

story

The formal system of task and reporting relationships that coordinates and motivates an organization's members to achieve the company's goals is called the organizational ______.

structure

In terms of organizational culture, a ______ is an artifact, act, quality, or event that conveys an organization's most important values to others.

symbol

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as:

tall.

An organization's vertical hierarchy of authority demonstrates: (Choose every correct answer.)

the organization's chain of command who talks to whom the official communication network

One method of changing organizational culture is to provide structured ______ as an in-depth introduction to organizational values.

training

The chain of command within a business is also referred to as the organization's ______ hierarchy of authority.

vertical

______ is the process of assigning managerial authority and responsibility to managers and employees lower in the hierarchy.

Delegation

Which of the following statements are true regarding a market culture? (Choose every correct answer.)

Employees are expected to work hard, react fast, and deliver quality work on time, It is driven by competition and a strong desire to deliver results. Customers, productivity, and profits take precedence over employee development and satisfaction.

Which type of organization typically has few or no levels of middle management between top managers and those reporting to them?

Flat

Which of the following are characteristics of a hierarchy culture? (Choose every correct answer.)

Formalized, structured work environment A variety of control mechanisms that measure efficiency, timeliness, and reliability Internal focus

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations?

The corporate headquarters of a global technology company A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.)

Outcomes Processes Activities

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture? (Choose every correct answer.)

Training Coaching Role modeling

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

Who reports to whom Who specializes in what work

Rites and rituals, which are activities and ______ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceremonies

The corporate headquarters of a global technology company A crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial fishing boat

chain of command

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a ______.

simple structure

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being

Early management scholars believed strongly in the principle of ______, in which employees should report to no more than one manager in order to avoid conflicting priorities and demands.

unity of command

In organizational culture, enacted values represent the ______.

values and norms that are actually exhibited in the organization

Flat organizations generally have few levels with ______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture?

Higher market share in clan and market cultures More positive organizational outcomes in market cultures Higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures

Select the types of organizational design. (Choose every correct answer.)

Horizontal Traditional Open boundary

Match the dimensions of the competing values framework (CVF) with their descriptions. Horizontal Vertical

Horizontal= Expresses the extent to which the organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers Vertical= Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control

Hierarchy of authority, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.

is a control mechanism that ensures that the right people do the right things at the right time

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.

is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort

Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein, ______.

is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization