Management Ch. 10

Halo effect

Loooks at one characteristic of a person and makes assumptions about their overall personality/skills - evaluation of work performance should take everything into account

As a manager, Fernando is totally unpredictable. Just last week, he was yelling about your work performance, and today he is all smiles. You're starting to think that his mood has less to do with your work than it does with his overall personality. Exhibited characteristic: Low/High Emotional Stability Low/High Agreeableness

Low emotional stability

Attributions - what do we attribute behaviors to?

Judgments based on some sort of action and its result Internal or external causes

Emotional Intelligence (EQ) Parts

ability to be aware of and manage their own emotions and the emotions of others. Self-awareness Self-management Social awareness Relationship management

what are the two mistakes when assigning attributions?

fundamental attribution error self-serving bias

Emotional contagion negativity bias

ppl pick up on emotions of others stronger reactions to negative stimuli

Methods to increase diversity and increase competitive advantage w/definitions 5. Increase awareness of sexual harassment - What movement has been created and explain it

#MeToo movement - Made freedom from sexual harassment a high priority - Shows that SH is prevalent in today's workplace

Methods to increase diversity and increase competitive advantage w/definitions 4. Provide personal coaching

- Diversity and inclusion training - Giving diverse employees training in management skills to help them get ahead - Programs focus on giving constructive feedback to minorities in the workplace as research shows that white males are more likely to get harsh/constructive feedback and helps them achieve goals

Methods to increase diversity and increase competitive advantage w/definitions 3. Establish sponsor relationships - First rung hurdle - How to overcome it

- First promotion onto the management career ladder; Biggest obstacle for women on path to senior leadership - Give diverse employees sponsors who are committed to supporting their career and providing them w/upward mobility

Methods to increase diversity and increase competitive advantage w/definitions 6. Encourage employee resource groups

- When employees who share common backgrounds or interests (sexual orientation, gender, race) gather together to support one another - Help employees by educating top managers, setting up mentoring programs and networking events, offering training sessions and skills seminars, internships, community volunteer activities - Help reduce turnover for underrepresented employees, enhance diversity, spark new ideas

Methods to increase diversity and increase competitive advantage w/definitions 1. Enhance structures and policies - Structural change option - Common diversity initiatives

-Add a CDO position - Diversity-focused recruiting, training and education, community outreach

Alondra has captured everything in her mind, and now she is trying to decide her next actions. Which of the following activities will help her to do this? 1. Alondra should ask herself if she's the best person to complete the tasks on her lists. If not, she should hand the tasks over to someone else. 2. Alondra should look at her activities list weekly and figure out what activities need to be added to the list. 3. Alondra should organize her time so that she can accomplish bigger activities promptly. 4.Alondra should look at her list and simply complete everything that takes less than two minutes of her time.

1. Alondra should ask herself if she's the best person to complete the tasks on her lists. If not, she should hand the tasks over to someone else. 4.Alondra should look at her list and simply complete everything that takes less than two minutes of her time.

How can managers generate trust?

1. Being open and honest in business dealings. 2. Keeping employees informed. 3. Letting employees have a say in making decisions. 4. Giving employees the training and resources they need to do their jobs. 5. Treating employees fairly. 6. Giving employees rewards that the employees value.

3 principles of self-management Step-by-step approach to managing your time

1. Clarity of mind 2. Clarity of objectives 3. Organized system 1. Empty your head 2. Decide the next action - Do it, delegate it, defer it 3. Get organized 4. Perform a weekly review 5. Do it

Methods to increase diversity and increase competitive advantage w/o definitions

1. Enhance structures and policies 2. Expand recruitment efforts 3. Establish sponsor relationships 4. Provide personal coaching 5. Increase awareness of sexual harassment 6. Encourage employee resource groups

Increasing resilience

1. Seek and destroy key sources of stress 2. Find meaning and support - Buffering hypothesis (when you have support, you are better able to manage stress) 3. Meditate and manage energy 4. Find a work-life balance

Noah is in the process of getting organized. Which of the following actions should he take during this time? 1. Noah should inform his employees of the activities he wants them to do for him. 2. Noah should get to work and take action on all of his organized projects and commitments. 3. Noah should put all of his important projects into a calendar that he looks at every day. 4. Noah should write down a list of all of the actions he needs to take so that he will have a reminder of what he needs to do when he needs to do it.

3. Noah should put all of his important projects into a calendar that he looks at every day. 4. Noah should write down a list of all of the actions he needs to take so that he will have a reminder of what he needs to do when he needs to do it.

Monica recently got a promotion to a management role with greater scope and responsibility. She wants to be as effective as possible in her new job. Which of the following could help her improve her ability to manage her new subordinates? A. Reflecting on the effects of her past actions to evaluate how they affected herself and others B. Updating her résumé as an exercise to reflect on her career path to date and what her next step should be C. Taking an extension class in how to read a company's financial statements D. Understanding that her management style has gotten her a promotion so she should not change anything

A. Reflecting on the effects of her past actions to evaluate how they affected herself and others

Beth knows that to be a better manager, she needs to understand herself better. Which of the following would help her gain insight into herself? A. Use 360-degree feedback to understand how others perceive her behavior. B. Administer a personality test to her employees. C. Model her behavior as a manager on that of another very successful manager. D. Note every day whether she is proud of the work she's accomplished.

A. Use 360-degree feedback to understand how others perceive her behavior.

Your cousins differ in their _________. John thinks that grandparents should have the most say in the family and parents should obey them and children should obey their parents; Johanna thinks that everyone in the family should have equal say in decisions and respect each other's different choices.

Authoritarianism

In routine jobs where workers have little flexibility, the relationship between job satisfaction and work performance is: A. Generally large and positive B. Generally small and influenced by other factors C. Curvilinear and evolving D. Generally negative and erratic

B. Generally small and influenced by other factors

Stress, stressors, resilience 2 Types of Stress: What can high levels of stress cause?

Challenge stress: good stress (fires you up) Threat stress: bad; burns you out Absenteeism Presenteeism (go to work but too stressed to be productive)

What is organizational commitment and its foundation? A recent survey shows only _____% trust their top managers - Why is this important?

Employee's loyalty to the company; its foundation is TRUST 20% - 35% of employee's intention to stay relies on trusting management

Big 5 Personality Factors

Extroversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Emotional stability Openness to experience

What are the work-related attitudes that result from personality?

Grit, Authoritarianism, Machiavellianism

The __________ effect is at work when your store manager thinks your job performance in all areas is poor because you aren't sure where all the products are shelved. But your customers give you great ratings and your cash register is always balanced.

Halo effect

Everybody knows that you can always count on Brian. He won't go home until the job is done, and he pays attention to the smallest details of his work Low/High conscientiousness Low/High emotional stability

High conscientiousness

Margie is a visionary, and she's always willing to try something new. In the past 6 months, she's visited 25 different offices, looking for different ways to build team spirit, with the hope that she can incorporate them into her ideal company Exhibited characteristic: Low/High agreeableness Low/High openness to experience

High openness to experience

Job satisfaction When managers have a clear and inspiring vision, employees were ___% more satisfied and _____ % more likely to stay with the company a. 40;60 b. 30;70 c. 70;100 T/F People who are treated with respect are 55% more satisfied and 110% more likely to stay w/company

How content employees are with their job C. 70%; 100% True

Machiavellianism Who?

If they are: try to acquire power and manipulate other people for their own personal gain. Niccolò Machiavelli Low Machs do well in structured situations because they take direction well, whereas high Machs do better when their job requires bargaining skills or has substantial rewards for winning.

Social awareness

In addition to understanding your own feelings, you need to be able to understand the feelings of others.

People who are high on Machiavellianism do not do well: In win-lose situations In jobs that require hard-bargaining skills In jobs that are highly structured When achieving personal goals is critical at all costs

In jobs that are highly structured

Why is sponsoring replacing mentoring?

Includes idea that sponsors need to strongly advocate career advancement for lower level employees - Make sure ppl they work with develop relationships w/those higher up - Sponsors actively advocate for their people to get positions higher up on the career ladder, while mentors support their people, but may not actively sponsor them

Chief Diversity Officer (CDO)

Monitors amount of diversity in an organization and is in charge of creating a work environment and culture that support diversity

Self-management

Once you know what your emotions are, you need to know how to control them so that negative emotions do not get in the way of your thoughts and actions.

Relationship management

People with good relationship management skills interact in a positive way with others. Once you understand the emotions of others, you can take actions to influence their emotions.

Methods to increase diversity and increase competitive advantage w/definitions 2. Expand recruitment efforts - How to recruit more effectively

Reaching out to minority groups, reward managers for hiring diverse employees, have recruiting and hiring managers who reflect diversity

Gabriel Camacho is the interim Chief of Police for Harrisonburg, VA. Camacho wants to reach out to Spanish speakers in the community, and to do that, he recently worked with other Spanish-speaking officers to create a Spanish—language Facebook page. But Camacho also wants to meet the needs of the non-Latinx people in his community, and sometimes he finds that different groups want different things from him. This causes Camacho to experience: role ambiguity. role conflict. task demands. challenge stress.

Role conflict The different needs of different populations could cause Camacho to experience role conflict because his expected role with one group might not be the same as his expected role with another group. Role ambiguity, a task demand, would occur if Camacho was uncertain about what to do. Based on the facts given, it is impossible to tell what level of stress Camacho is feeling — whether he has challenge (good) stress or he has threat (bad) stress.

Causes of work-related stress - Role ambiguity - Role conflict

Task demands - Relate to job - Role ambiguity (source of stress - job is unclear) Interpersonal demands - Related to relationships in organization Role conflict (incompatible demands from others)

Perception Step 1, 2, 3,

The way you select, organize, and interpret information from your environment 1. Observe (via senses) 2. Screen (selecting what to process) 3. Organize (into patterns for interpretation and response)

Slef-awareness

When you understand what you are feeling, you are better able to assess your own strengths and limitations.

Emotional stability

ability to maintain one's balance under difficult circumstances.

Authoritarianism

acceptance of power differences in an organization. High: obey recognized authority above them, stick to conventional values, critically judge others, and oppose the use of subjective feelings. - we see less of this today due to empowerment

Personality

an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Kim, an author, is worried because she has seven different submissions for seven different publishers. By using a program called "The Submission's Grinder," she can stop worrying about projects that have already been submitted and worry only about getting ideas for new projects. The program doesn't tell Kim what is due next, but it lets her track publisher responses to her current submissions. This author is using software to achieve _______________ and manage herself more effectively. clarity of mind clarity of objectives organized system of reminders

clarity of mind

If Marco's client tries out for a professional team but doesn't make the cut, Marco is likely to believe that this result is mostly due to ________ as result of the _________ client's lack of effort or ability; fundamental attribution error team's need for a player w/different skills; self-serving bias

client's lack of effort or ability; fundamental attribution error

What are perceptions based on? What's the term to describe when perceptions are incorrect? - Example: Stereotyping

culture, personality, values, interests, upbringing, etc. Perceptual distortions - Believes everyone in a group has the same characteristics that are attributed to the group as a whole

Phuong believes she does not contribute much to her history class discussions because the instructor is intimidating. However, Phuong is exhibiting __________________ because in physics class, where the instructor is much harsher but Phuong knows the material better, she is a strong contributor to class discussions.

exhibiting the self-serving bias

Kumi, your coworker, has been working on his taxes for the last two months. If Kumi gets audited this year, he is likely to believe that it happened because of an (internal/external) cause, such as the tax program he used to prepare his taxes. Kumi's perception is being influenced by the (__________ bias)

external cause self-serving

A company that treats its employees fairly and gives them a voice in decision making is likely to enjoy high _______ ______ in its workforce.

organizational commitment

Grit

passion and persistence for achieving a long-term goal.

Agreeableness

person's ability to get along with others.

Big-5 Extroversion Extraverts Introverts

person's comfort with interpersonal relationships

Conscientiousness

person's underlying level of responsibility for goal achievement. - dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented

Openness to experience

person's willingness to take part in new ideas and activities.

At age 34 and with Sjogren's syndrome, tennis player Venus Williams still had ____ - _____ , saying, "I'm persistent. I don't give up and I believe in myself no matter what the odds are and what you may experience."

self-confidence

Chester, a salesperson, has high ____ _____ because he is sure he can exceed all his sales goals this year.

self-efficacy

Whenever Ashley needs to meet with the programmer assigned to her department, Rajiv who was born in India, she is anxious because she believes all Indian men have sexist attitudes toward women. Ashley is __________ Rajiv.

stereotyping

Locus of control Internal

tendency to ascribe outcomes to his or her own actions or to external causes. - When people have a high internal locus of control, they believe that they control what happens to them—if they take the right actions, they will get the right outcomes. This makes them more independent and more likely to take on hard tasks like mastering complex information. In addition, because they are achievement oriented, they are easy to motivate—all you have to do is link a desired reward to an achievement.