Management Exam 3

Family and community relationships outside of work as well as friendships on the job all satisfy the need for a. belongingness. b. recognition. c. positive self-image. d. physiology. e. self-actualization.

a. belongingness

___ is striking a middle-range position between two extremes when resolving conflict a. Compromise b. Confrontation c. Avoidance d. Smoothing e. Stimulation

a. comprimise

Which of the following motivational theories is based on the idea that employees compare the treatment they receive relative to others' treatment in order to determine if they are being treated fairly? a. Equity theory b. Hierarchy of needs theory c. Reinforcement theory d. Expectancy theory e. Two-factor theory

a. equity theory

According to Maslow's hierarchy, _____ needs include the need that people have for recognition, positive self-image, and self-respect. a. esteem b. security c. self-actualization d. belongingness e. achievement

a. esteem

A(n) _____ group is a permanent group created by the organization to accomplish a number of organizational purposes with an unspecified time horizon. a. functional b. problem-solving c. task d. virtual e. interest

a. functional

When employees in an organization do not know what is expected of them, it results in a. role ambiguity. b. role overload. c. role variation. d. role generalization. e. role conflict.

a. role ambiguity

In group role structure, the _____ role comprises the messages and cues that group members use to communicate their expectations to another member. a. sent b. enacted c. intrasender d. expected e. received

a. sent

A value associated with the outcomes of a performance is called its a. valence. b. hygiene factor. c. behavior. d. commitment. e. need.

a. valence

A supervisor exhibiting _____ leader behavior, identified by the path-goal theory, is most likely to let subordinates know what is expected of them, gives guidance and direction, and schedules work. a. participative b. directive c. task-oriented d. supportive e. achievement-oriented

b. directive

Demographic characteristics investigated in the early psychological approach to understanding negotiation included a. self-esteem. b. gender. c. authoritarianism. d. risk taking. e. locus of control.

b. gender

The CEO at Green Inc. has established that employees at the workplace should adhere to the vertical communication system. She has established fixed work flow systems and strictly monitors these processes. The steps taken by the CEO at Green Inc. reflect the _____ behavior of leaders suggested by the Ohio State studies. a. consideration b. initiating structure c. employee-centered d. job-centered e. authoritative

b. initiating structure

_____ conflict occurs when there is a conflict between two or more roles. a. Person-role b. Interrole c. Intrasender d. Intrarole e. Intersender

b. interrole

_____ power is power granted through the organizational hierarchy. a. Referent b. Legitimate c. Reward d. Coercive e. Expert

b. legitamate

During the _____ stage of group development, group members begin to recognize and accept their roles, and understand the roles of other members a. storming b. norming c. conforming d. forming e. performing

b. norming

____ is the process of giving employees a voice in making decisions about their own work. a. Enrichment b. Participation c. Reinforcement d. Commitment e. Empowerment

b. participation

In the _____ stage of group development, the group really begins to settle down to work and focuses on goal attainment. a. storming b. performing c. norming d. forming e. conforming

b. performing

_____ is a reward system wherein an organization pays an employee a certain amount of money for every unit he or she produces. a. Gainsharing b. Piece-rate incentive plan c. Incentive pay d. Scanlon plan e. Merit pay plan

b. piece-rate incentive plan

Acknowledging the existence of conflict but downplaying its importance is known as a. soldiering. b. smoothing. c. stimulation. d. compromise. e. confrontation.

b. smoothing

According to the two-factor theory, which of the following is a hygiene factor that influences an employee's satisfaction or dissatisfaction? a. Advancement and growth b. Working conditions c. Achievement d. Recognition e. The work itself

b. working conditions

_____ leader behavior, identified by the path-goal theory, primarily involves setting challenging goals, expecting subordinates to perform at high levels, encouraging subordinates, and showing confidence in subordinates' abilities. a. Relationship-oriented b. Directive c. Achievement-oriented d. Supportive e. Participative

c. achievement-oriented

Punishment involves the use of _____ power. a. legitimate b. referent c. coercive d. expert e. reward

c. coercive

_ is the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority. a. Commitment b. Reinforcement c. Empowerment d. Participation e. Enrichment

c. empowerment

_____ is the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority. a. Commitment b. Enrichment c. Empowerment d. Participation e. Reinforcement

c. empowerment

_____ focuses on how much people want something and how likely they think they are to get it. a. Maslow's hierarchy b. Reinforcement theory c. Expectancy theory d. Variable work schedule e. Two-factor theory

c. expectancy theory

Which of the following reinforcement methods can be used to weaken behaviors? a. Recognition b. Avoidance c. Extinction d. Participation e. Pay raises

c. extinction

Work schedules that allow employees to select, within broad parameters, the hours they work is called a. a traditional work schedule. b. a compressed work schedule. c. flextime. d. job sharing. e. a nine-eighty schedule.

c. flextime

A(n) _____ leader is likely to be a person capable of carrying out both task specialist and socioemotional roles effectively. a. coercive b. bureaucratic c. informal d. autocratic e. situational

c. informal

_____ is based on disagreements between two or more individuals in an organization. a. Intergroup conflict b. Intersender conflict c. Interpersonal conflict d. Interrole conflict e. Interteam conflict

c. interpersonal conflict

The first organized approach to studying leadership focused on a. rewards expected. b. situational favorableness. c. leadership traits. d. leadership behavior. e. leader-member relations.

c. leadership traits

During the _____ stage of group development, members begin to accept one another and develop a sense of unity. a. forming b. storming c. norming d. performing e. transforming

c. norming

According to Maslow, an individual is motivated first and foremost to satisfy _____ needs. a. security b. self-actualization c. physiological d. esteem e. belongingness

c. physiological

As a process, leadership can be defined as a. the practice of empowering employees to participate in organizational decision making. b. the set of characteristics attributed to individuals who are perceived to be leaders. c. the use of noncoercive influence to shape an organization's goals. d. the ability to assess business process performance. e. the ability to adjust to and understand the changes in a workplace.

c. the use of noncoercive influence to shape an organization's goals

_____ leadership is the style of leadership that goes beyond ordinary expectations by transmitting a sense of mission, stimulating learning experiences, and inspiring new ways of thinking. a. Directive b. Supportive c. Transformational d. Participative e. Task-oriented

c. transformational

Which of the following is a group based-incentive reward system? a. Merit pay b. Sales commission c. Annual pay raise d. Gainsharing e. Piece-rate incentive plan

d. gainsharing

Cheri and Aaron both wanted to work part time, and they found a lawyer who was willing to split one full-time paralegal job between the two of them so that Cheri works mornings and Aaron works afternoons. This arrangement is known as a. reinforcement. b. OB Mod. c. flextime. d. job sharing. e. participation.

d. job sharing

What type of power is essentially the same as authority? a. Expert b. Coercive c. Reward d. Legitimate e. Referent

d. legitimate

The _____ role is what a person understands the sent role to mean. a. discerned ​ b. enacted c. influenced ​ d. perceived ​ e. expected

d. perceived

_____ describes activities carried out for the specific purpose of acquiring, developing, and using power and other resources to obtain one's preferred outcomes. a. Group cognition b. Workplace diversity c. Organizational culture d. Political behavior e. Collective intelligence

d. political behavior

According to Fiedler, a task is structured when it is: a. routine, difficult to understand, and unambiguous. b. routine, easy to understand, and ambiguous. c. irregular, difficult to understand, and ambiguous. d. routine, easy to understand, and unambiguous. e. irregular, difficult to understand, and unambiguous

d. routine, easy to understand, and unambiguous

_____ needs in Maslow's hierarchy involve realizing one's potential for continued growth and individual development. a. Physiological b. Social c. Esteem d. Self-actualization e. Security

d. self-actualization

_____ is the part of the Managerial Grid that deals with the job and task aspects of leader behavior. a. Employee-centered leader behavior b. Initiating structure c. Task-oriented leadership behavior d. Concern for people e. Concern for production

e. concern for production

Windmere allows its administrative employees to arrive any time between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m., and to leave any time between 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m., as long as they work an eight-hour day. This arrangement is known as a. traditional schedule. b. empowerment. c. compressed work schedule. d. a nine-eighty schedule. e. flextime

e. flextime

During the _____ stage of group development, the members begin to try out various forms of behavior in an attempt to determine the interpersonal behaviors that are acceptable in the group. a. performing b. norming c. storming d. transforming e. forming

e. forming

According to the Managerial Grid, a manager who exhibits impoverished management a.has little concern for people, but a lot of concern for work performance. b. is an effective leader with much concern for people. c. has a lot of concern for people and for work performance. d.has a lot of concern for people, but little concern for work performance. e. has little concern for people or for work performance

e. has little concern for people or for work performance

_____ conflict controls when a single source sends clear but contradictory messages a. Intrarole b. Interrole c. Person-role d. Intersender e. Intrasender

e. intrasender

Which of the following leadership models is a direct extension of the expectancy theory of motivation? a. Substitutes for leadership b. Fiedler's contingency c. Vertical-dyad linkage d. Vroom's decision tree approach e. Path-goal

e. path-goal

_____ conflict results from a discrepancy between the role requirements and the individual's personal values, attitudes, and needs. a. Interrole b. Intrarole c. Group-role d. Intrasender​ e. Person-role

e. person-role

Assurance on ____ can satisfy the security needs of an employee in the workplace a. positive self-image b. comfortable work environment c. adequate wages d. Vroom's decision tree approach. ​ e. recognition

e. recognition

_____ argues that behavior that results in rewarding consequences is likely to be repeated, whereas behavior that results in punishing consequences is less likely to be repeated. a. Expectancy theory b. Equity theory c. Maslow's hierarchy d. Two-factor theory e. Reinforcement theory

e. reinforcement theory

A newcomer in an organization gradually begins to learn the company norms such as dress codes, working hours, and interpersonal relations. This process is known as a. assimilation. b. overload. c. communization. d. soldiering. e. socialization

e. socialization