Management Final-CH13 Working in Teams

Out of four possibilities, what is the worst scenario on how cohesiveness affects performance?

High Cohesiveness with Negative Performance

Out of four possibilities what is the best scenario on how cohesiveness affects performance?

High Cohesiveness with Positive Performance

When is using a force during conflict inappropriate?

In an open and participative climate

What is avoiding?

Involves passive withdrawal from a problem or active suppression of it

Define a conflict:

Process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party

What do we call it when groups don't always follow Tuckman's model?

Punctuated Equilibrium

What is Team Composition?

Reflects the collection of jobs, personalities, values, knowledge, experience, and skills of team members

What is forcing?

Relies on formal authority to force compliance (the other party's needs are ignored) (limited time)

What is accommodating?

Smoothing over differences in order to emphasize commonalities (let you have your way)

What is team size dependent on?

Specific/unique company requirements or rules

In punctuated equilibrium, different impacts (new members, CEOs, or change in technology) will take you back to which of the five stages of group development?

Storming

What is cohesiveness?

The tendency of a group or team to stick together.

True or False: Teams perform better when members have a high tolerance for uncertainty.

True

True or False: Teams perform better when the members possess high levels of emotional stability.

True

True or false: A cross-functional team is staffed with specialists pursuing a common objective...

True

True or false: Among the benefits of teamwork is the reduction of destructive internal competition

True

True or false: Maintenance roles are encouraging others, high participation (noticing any lack of effort from a member), harmonizer (fights conflict)(finds common ground)

True

True or false: Using force while resolving a conflict breeds resentment.

True

True or false: accommodating encourages cooperation

True

True or false: accommodating is a temporary solution

True

True or false: avoiding conflicts buys time in unfolding situations

True

True or false: collaborating during conflict is time consuming...

True

True or false: collaboration during conflict lasts longer because it deals with the problem rather than its symptoms

True

True or false: compromising is a temporary fix...

True

True or false: using force speeds up the conflict resolving process...

True

What is a group?

Two or more freely acting individuals who share COLLECTIVE NORMS, COLLECTIVE GOALS, and have a COMMON IDENTITY (same regulations and rules)

In which of the following scenarios would you use teams? : >There is a clear purpose >The job can be done independently >only individual-based rewards exist >resources are scarce >management controls

Use teams when there is a clear purpose!

When is it appropriate to force during a conflict?

When an unpopular solution must be implemented

When is accommodating appropriate?

When it is possible to eventually get something in return

When is compromising during conflict inappropriate?

When overuse would lead to missed deadlines etc.

What is Collaborating during conflict?

When parties confront the issue and cooperatively identify the problem, generate and weigh alternative solutions, and select solutions

When is compromising during conflict appropriate?

When parties have opposing goals but a similar amount of power

What two things happen when Tuckman's model is not followed?

-Groups may establish periods of stable functioning until an event causes a dramatic change in norms, roles, or objectives -The group then establishes and maintains new norms of functioning, returning to equilibrium

What are Tuckman's 5 stages of group development?

1)Forming (getting oriented or acquainted) -encourage socializing! 2)Storming (emergence of differing personalities, roles, and conflicts) -work through conflicts! 3)Norming (more compatible) 4)Performing (members should concentrate on solving problems and completing assigned tasks) -allow members the empowerment to work on tasks 5)Adjourning (members prepare for disbandment) (celebration) -ease transitions by celebrating "the end" and "new beginnings"

Name the five different types of teams:

1)Work teams 2)Project teams (new system implemented) 3)Cross-functional teams (pull people from different places/skill sets) 4)Self-managed teams (where people have advanced skills) 5)Virtual teams (different areas of country working together)

What are four reasons why norms are followed?

1)help the group survive 2)clarify role expectations 3)help individuals avoid embarrassing situations 4)emphasize group importance and identity

What are the five conflict handling Behaviors?

1)openness 2)equality 3)empathy 4)supportiveness 5)positiveness

What four devices stimulate Constructive Conflict?

1)spur competition among employees 2)change the organization's culture and procedures 3)bring in outsiders for new perspectives 4)use programmed conflict

What are the five conflict-handling styles?

>Accommodating (yielding)(concern for others) >Collaborating (problem solving)(concern for others and self) >Avoiding (uncomfortable with conflict) (low concern for others and self) >Forcing (your will power)(concern for self) >Compromising (both give up to reach agreement)

What are the advantages of having small teams (2-9 members)?

>Better interaction >Better morale

What are the most essential considerations in building a group into an effective team?

>Collaboration >Trust >Performance >Motivation >Composition (involvement builds commitment) >Roles (don't need to be a leader) >Norms

Why is teamwork important?

>Increased productivity >increased speed >reduced costs >improve quality >reduced destructive internal competition >improved workplace cohesiveness

Name the two task roles:

>Initiator (person that keeps things going) >Summarizer (looks for common areas of agreement) (No meaning=no meeting)(who is responsible-specific agendas)(least important agenda-side conversation)

What are the disadvantages to having large teams (10-16 members)?

>Less interaction >Lower morale >Social loafing >More difficult to develop trust (Figure out what skills are needed)

What are the advantages to having large teams (10-16 members)?

>More resources >Division of labor

What are the two different Roles?

>People Oriented-MAINTENANCE roles >Task Oriented-TASK roles

What four issues could teams run into?

>Social loafing/slacking >Groupthink (agreement in spite of contrary facts) >Communication lapses (go along with) >Escalation of commitment (settle with bad idea)

What is the goal of dysfunctional conflict (-)?

>argument with no purpose

What is the goal of functional conflict (+)?

>can solve problems-discussion takes place to find the best solution

What are the disadvantages of having smaller teams (2-9members)?

>fewer resources (fewer ideas-group think) >possibly less innovation >unfair work distribution (What talent do we need?)

What is compromising during a conflict?

A give-and-take approach (opposing goals towards the same solution)

Define a team:

A small group of people with COMPLEMENTARY SKILLS who are committed to a COMMON PURPOSE (people with strength) (performance goals and mutual accountability)

In the following scenario, which conflict-handling style is best?: Accept suggestions of others (the issue is important to party A, but not to party B)

Accommodate

In the following scenario, which conflict-handling style is best?: Emotions are high (cooling-off period is necessary)

Avoid

To compromise is to?

Both give up something to reach an agreement (give and take)

In the following scenario, which conflict-handling style is best?: The situation is very complex (solution addressing the underlying problems is necessary, openly sharing the info)

Collaboration

In the following scenario, which conflict-handling style is best?: Give and take (both sides have equal power and opposite goals)

Compromising

You would not use teams in which of the following scenarios? : >There is a clear purpose >The job can't be done unless people work together >Resources are scarce >Team-based rewards are possible >Teams have authority

Don't use teams when resources are scarce!!!

Define Team Member Interdependence:

Extent to which team members rely on common task-related team inputs, and the amount of interpersonal interactions needed to complete the work

True or False: Teams perform better when they are not diverse in their background.

False

True or false: A team is a small group of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose and performance goals...

False

True or false: compromising is not a democratic process

False (strength-democratic process)

True or false: avoiding conflict fixes the problem long-term...

False-temporary fix

When is Collaborating during conflict appropriate?

For complex issues full of misunderstanding

When is accommodating inappropriate?

For complex or worsening problems

When is avoiding conflict inappropriate?

For difficult and worsening problems

When is Collaborating during conflict inappropriate?

For issues rooted in opposing value systems (misunderstanding-open to "best solution")

When is avoiding a conflict appropriate?

For trivial issues or when it costs more to confront the problem

In the following scenario, which conflict-handling style is best?: A quick decision is necessary (best solution is unpopular)(not important others are committed to your view)

Forcing

What are Norms?

General guidelines or rules of behavior that most groups or team members follow.