Management Final

A​ T-group is​ ________.

A group of individuals participating in organizational development sessions away from the workplace.

A​ ________ is an integrated set of measures for four critical areas or​ perspectives: financial,​ customers, internal​ business, and innovation and learning.

Balanced scorecard

As a type of organizational development​ intervention, individual enhancement activities would use​ ________ to improve understanding of and relationships with others in the organization.

Behavior Modeling

As a form of tactical​ control, ________ focuses on how well strategies are being implemented.

Budgetary Control

Because​ today's competitive pressures are shifting more​ often, changes must be implemented much more often than in the past. In this​ case, one would have to consider​ ________.

Choice of frequency

Which of the following is the last step of the evaluation​ process?

Communicating the results of change

The managerial function of _______ comes at the end of a chain of the three other major functions of managers.

Controlling

_________ is regulating activities and behaviors within organizations as well as adjusting or conforming to specifications or objectives

Controlling

Which of the following is the first step of the evaluation​ process?

Data collection

As a type of organizational development​ intervention, ________ are used to determine the current state of the organization or the parameters of a problem.

Diagnostic activities

Which of the following is the most lasting people change​ approach?

Directly enhancing their knowledge, skills, and abilities

Which of the following is true for employee preferences and​ suggestions?

Employees can be stimulus for change that frequently cannot, and should not, be ignored.

When ________, those at the highest levels should be able to articulate a vision and formulate broad strategic goals for the organization.

Establishing standards

One basic judgment to be taken while​ ________ is what action to take if the pattern and size of deviations from expected performance are determined to be significant.

Evaluating results

The last step of the control process is​ ________.

Evaluating results

After collecting​ data, the manager must directly communicate the findings to those who are involved with or affected by the change.

False

Balanced-scorecard proponents argue that customer perspective approaches primarily pay attention to the past and that the other three categories are much more future oriented.

False

Controls are most effective when organizations and managers get accustomed to control procedures that are already in​ place, rather than worrying about the dynamic external environment.

False

Financial and budgetary control essentially forms a part of tactical control for any organization.

False

If a certain type of control is effective in a particular situation, it is likely to be effective under most circumstances.

False

If major problems exist in planning, organizing, and leading, some amount of control is likely to bring things back on track.

False

Inertia and mistrust are common sources of resistance in the movement stage of the change process.

False

It is far more important to communicate the results of a change to superiors who have​ decision-making power, than to subordinates.

False

Managers are the only source of change inside organizations.

False

Once managers are successful in getting others to see the need for​ change, they will not encounter resistance in the movement stage of the change process.

False

Reactive recognition of a problem can be done by gathering the information via more mundane activities such as spotting trends or anomalies in sales reports.

False

Refreezing essentially means that the new state should be static with no movement.

False

Rigidity of control systems is a valued feature in a manager.

False

Shifting demographic patterns are a type of​ slow-moving external force and have a very limited impact on organization change.

False

Using reinforcement to sustain early efforts and help push the change into the early portion of the refreezing stage is sufficient to move completely through it.

False

________ uses the concept of​ equilibrium, a condition that occurs when the forces for change are balanced by forces opposing change and results in a relatively steady state.

Force Field analysis

Which of the following factors can create problems for the unfreezing state of​ change?

Lack of information

Resistance to movement is almost guaranteed when those affected by the organizational change often believe that the anticipated negative consequences of the change outweigh the positive consequences. This describes the problem of​ ________.

Lack of sufficient incentives

Which of the following is a source of resistance to the movement stage of the change​ process?

Lack of sufficient incentives

________ is an approach to organizational change that has a strong behavioral and people​ orientation, emphasizing​ planned, strategic,​ long-range efforts focusing on people and their interrelationships in organizations.

Organizational development

Which of the following is an example of a driving force in a force field​ analysis?

Pressure on workers to implement the change process

Which of the following statements is true about proactive​ changes?

Proactive regognition typically involves a shorter time-frame than reactive recongnition

A consequence of the​ ________ phase of the process of organizational change involves monitoring the change to see if it is producing the anticipated and desired results.

Refreezing

Which of the following is an example of a change in the​ organization's systems?

Replace batch with continuous flow manufacturing

Which of the following forces for change outside an organization is subtle and difficult to​ detect?

Societal and demographic shifts

________ is an assessment and regulation of how the organization as a whole fits its external environment and meets its​ long-range objectives and goals.

Strategic Control

The unpredictability of the external environments in which many organizations operate is a significant factor that affects whether​ ________ systems can be set up or not.

Strategic control

________ focuses on the assessment and regulation of how the organization as a whole fits its external environment and meets its​ long-range objectives and goals.

Strategic control

The scope of control is the broadest under​ ________ controls, while it is the most limited under​ ________ controls.

Strategic; Operational

Many​ ________ changes, like reorganizing a firm on a product rather than a geographic​ basis, can affect how different units interact and how information flows in the organization.

Structural

When a manager​ implement's an international​ division, she/he is focusing on​ ________.

Structural change

An assessment and regulation of the​ day-to-day functions of the organization and its major units in the implementation of its strategy is called​ ________.

Tactical control

Which of the following statements is true of setting standards for the control​ process?

The should be as specific as possible

Not all needs for change can be identified in advance.

True

One of the first means of overcoming the failure to move is to educate people as to what the desired change is.

True

One of the keys to unfreezing is helping people see what has changed in the larger context that requires a change from them.

True

One point of difference between the scope of tactical and strategic controls is that tactical controls focus on implementation of​ strategy, while the latter is concerned with the determination of overall strategy.

True

Reactive change is usually more expensive than proactive change.

True

Change goes through three distinct processes. The​ ________ process essentially involves recognizing that what was right for the past is wrong for the future and why.

Unfreezing

The management of a company realized that they had to change their production process that currently focused on producing a standardized product to one that accommodated customization according to the​ customers' requirements. This called for the​ ________ process of organizational change.

Unfreezing

When a manager has to choose from one of the six​ targets, namely:​ strategy, structure,​ systems, technology, shared​ values, and​ staff, the manager is dealing with​ ________.

choice of focus