Management of Patients with Immune Deficiency Disorders

Telangiectasia is the term that refers to Vascular lesions caused by dilated blood vessels Inability to understand the spoken word Uncoordinated muscle movement Difficulty swallowing

Vascular lesions caused by dilated blood vessels

A client who is HIV+ has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by P. jiroveci. What medication will the client take for the treatment of this infection? trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nystatin amphotericin B fluconazole

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A healthcare worker has been exposed to the blood of an HIV-positive client and is awaiting the results of an HIV test. In the meantime, what precautions must the healthcare worker take to prevent the spread of infection? Limit interactions with people who are not HIV infected. Limit interactions with people who are already HIV infected. Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS. Quit their job and get admitted to a hospital or a cancer treatment center.

Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS.

A child has just been diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency. The parents state, "Oh, no. Our child has AIDS." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? "Your child does not have AIDS but this condition puts your child at risk for it later in life." "Your child's condition is extremely serious. Like AIDS, it will most likely be fatal." "Although AIDS is an immune deficiency, your child's condition is different from AIDS." "We need to do some more testing before we will know if your child's condition is AIDS."

"Although AIDS is an immune deficiency, your child's condition is different from AIDS."

A client with AIDS has become forgetful with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms? distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) candidiasis AIDS dementia complex (ADC) cytomegalovirus (CMV)

AIDS dementia complex (ADC)

The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of ineffective airway clearance related to pneumocystis pneumonia and increased bronchial secretions for a client with AIDS. Which of the following would be appropriate for the nurse to include in the client's plan of care? Maintain the client in a supine or side-lying position. Encourage client to ambulate frequently in the halls. Assist with chest physiotherapy every 2 to 4 hours. Limit fluid intake to 1 1/2 to 2 liters per day.

Assist with chest physiotherapy every 2 to 4 hours.

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) reports diarrhea after every meal. What is the nurse's best response? Avoid residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine. Encourage large, high-fat meals. Reduce food intake. Increase the intake of iron and zinc.

Avoid residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine

What treatment option does the nurse anticipate for the patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)? Bone marrow transplantation Antibiotics Radiation therapy Removal of the thymus gland

Bone marrow transplantation

A nurse is preparing to give a client an infusion of gamma globulin. The nurse knows to stop the infusion if the client experiences which symptoms? Select all that apply. Flank pain Shaking chills Tightness in the chest Hunger Fatigue

Flank pain Shaking chills Tightness in the chest

Which condition is an early manifestation of HIV encephalopathy? Hyperreflexia Headache Vacant stare Hallucinations

Headache

A client who is HIV positive is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which laboratory test result would the nurse expect to find? Urine specific gravity of 1.010 Hypernatremia Hypokalemia Proteinuria

Hypokalemia

What does the nurse understand will result if the patient has a deficiency in the normal level of complement? Increased susceptibility to infection Decrease in vascularity to the extremities Development of congestive heart failure Risk of stroke

Increased susceptibility to infection

Which substance may be used to lubricate a condom? Skin lotion Baby oil K-Y jelly Petroleum jelly

K-Y jelly

HIV is harbored within which type of cell? Lymphocyte Platelet Erythrocyte Nerve

Lymphocyte

A client taking abacavir has developed fever and rash. What is the priority nursing action? Administer acetaminophen. Document the information. Report to the health care provider. Administer lidocaine cream for the rash.

Report to the health care provider.

The nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about his or her medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications? The use of condoms What vaccinations to have Side effects of drug therapy The action of each antiretroviral drug

Side effects of drug therapy

A client that is HIV+ has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by P. jiroveci. What medication does the nurse expect that the client will take for the treatment of this infection? Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Nystatin Amphotericin B Fluconazole

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Which term defines the balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response? Viral set point Window period Primary infection stage Viral clearance rate

Viral set point

A client received 2 units of packed red blood cells while in the hospital with rectal bleeding. Three days after discharge, the client experienced an allergic response and began to itch and break out with hives. What type of reaction does the nurse understand could be occurring? Delayed hypersensitivity response Anaphylactic reaction Sensitization An immediate hypersensitivity response

Delayed hypersensitivity response

A client is prescribed antihistamines, and asks the nurse about administration and adverse effects. The nurse should advise the client to avoid: alcohol. applying skin moisturizers. seafood. exposure to sunlight.

alcohol.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is diagnosed through skin scraping. biopsy. visual assessment. computed tomography.

biopsy.

The nurse is caring for a young client who has agammaglobulinemia. The nurse is teaching the family how to avoid infection at home. Which statement by the family indicates that additional teaching is needed? "I will let my neighbor have my pet iguana." "I will apply lotion following every bath to prevent dry skin." "I can take my child to the beach, as long as we play in the sand rather than swim in the water." "I will avoid letting my child drink any juice that has been sitting out for more than an hour."

"I can take my child to the beach, as long as we play in the sand rather than swim in the water."

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is brought to the clinic by a family member. The family member tells the nurse the client has become forgetful, with a limited attention span, decreased ability to concentrate, and delusional thinking. What condition is represented by these symptoms? Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) Candidiasis HIV encephalopathy Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

HIV encephalopathy

During a third-trimester transabdominal ultrasound, cardiac anomaly and facial abnormalities are noted in the fetus. Further testing reveals that the thymus gland has failed to develop normally, and the fetus is diagnosed with thymic hypoplasia. Based on this diagnosis, the nurse anticipates careful monitoring for which common manifestation during the first 24 hours of life? Hypoglycemia Hypocalcemia Hyperkalemia Thrombocytopenia

Hypocalcemia

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is exhibiting shortness of breath, cough, and fever. What type of infection will the nurse most likely suspect? Mycobacterium avium complex Legionella Cytomegalovirus Pneumocystis jiroveci

Pneumocystis jiroveci

A client has been diagnosed with HIV and has been placed on antiretroviral therapy. What does the nurse inform the client will be required for determining the progression of the disease as well as guiding drug therapy? The client will be required to stop the medication for 2 weeks and then have laboratory studies drawn to determine if the antiretroviral therapy has cured the disease. Viral load and T4-cell counts will be performed every 2 to 3 months. More antiretroviral medication will be added every 2 to 3 months. The Western blot test will be monitored every 6 months to see if the virus is still present.

Viral load and T4-cell counts will be performed every 2 to 3 months.

A client with suspected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has had two positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. What diagnostic test would be run next? ELISA Western Blot T4/T8 ratio Polymerase chain reaction

Western Blot

The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client with an immunodeficiency. What aspect would the nurse emphasize as most important? Frequent and thorough handwashing Identifying the signs and symptoms of infection Adherence to prophylactic medication administration Incorporation of treatment regimens into daily patterns

Frequent and thorough handwashing

A client suspected of having human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) asks the nurse what causes AIDS. What is the best response by the nurse? The human immunodeficiency virus The streptococcal bacteria The Epstein-Barr virus The staphylococcal bacteria

The human immunodeficiency virus

A client has discussed therapy for his HIV-positive status. What does the nurse understand is the goal of antiretroviral therapy? Reverse the HIV+ status to a negative status. Treat mycobacterium avium complex. Eliminate the risk of AIDS. Bring the viral load to a virtually undetectable level

Bring the viral load to a virtually undetectable level