Management TEST 2 (Chapter 7, 9, 10, 11, 12)
A __________ is a performance appraisal process in which feedback is obtained from the boss, subordinates, peers and co-workers, and the employees themselves.
360-degree feedback
Which of the following size teams usually provides the best performance?
6 to 9
The ____ is a rule of thumb used by the courts and the EEOC to determine whether there is evidence of adverse impact. A violation of this rule occurs when the selection rate for a protected group is less than a specified level of the selection rate for a nonprotected group.
80 percent rule
____ is the extent to which team members are attracted to a team and motivated to remain with it.
Cohesiveness
____ are workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged.
Creative work environments
Which of the following statements about team training is true?
Cross-training is less appropriate for teams of highly skilled workers.
____ departmentalization is defined as organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.
Functional
Which of the following statements about functional departmentalization is true?
Functional departmentalization allows work to be done by highly qualified specialists.
Which of the following questions is deemed acceptable (i.e., "legal") for employers to ask applicants during the selection process?
Have you ever been convicted of a crime?
____ is the process of finding, developing, and keeping the right people for the company.
Human resource management
Nearly all technology cycles follow the typical ____ pattern of innovation.
S-curve
____ is the process of gathering information about job applicants to decide who should be offered a job.
Selection
____ means providing opportunities for employees to develop the job-specific skills, experience, and knowledge they need to do their jobs or improve their performance.
Training
Team norms in an organization can create ____.
all of these
Which of the following is one of the ways in which training can be evaluated?
all of these
Which of the following types of information would typically be collected as part of a job analysis?
all of these
Older workers ____.
are accurately described by none of these
To improve traditional performance appraisal feedback sessions, it is recommended that managers ____.
base performance appraisal feedback sessions on self-appraisals
The first stage of organizational decline is:
blinded
Organizational authority is traditionally characterized by:
chain of command
People with the Big Five dimension of ____ respond well under stress.
emotional stability
Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality dimensions?
empathy
Job specialization can result in ____.
employee boredom
An ESOP is an:
employee stock ownership plan
Which of the following is a method used for compensating employees for team participation and accomplishments?
gainsharing
When incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design such that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version, ____ is said to have occurred.
generational change
Minority domination tends to be a particular problem in ____.
groups of ten or larger
Diversity helps companies grow by ____.
improving marketplace understanding
Organizational ____ is the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.
innovation
Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called ____.
innovation streams
Patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage are called:
innovation streams
Organizational development ____.
is a philosophy and collection of planned change interventions
The chain of command ____.
is described by none of these
The organizational process ____.
is the collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs that customers value
A __________ is a purposeful, systematic process for collecting information on the important work-related aspects of a job.
job analysis
Two of the most important results of a job analysis are ____.
job descriptions and job specifications
A technology cycle occurs whenever there are major advances or changes in the ____ in a field or discipline.
knowledge, tools, and techniques
Creativity was needed to improve efficiency without raising costs at one automobile maker. Over the last few years, the company has successfully implemented a creative engineering program that allows its plants to produce more than one type of car from the same assembly line. This successful change to a flexible manufacturing system is an example of ____.
organizational innovation
While ____ emphasizes jobs and their authority relationships, ____ emphasizes the activities through which work gets done in the organization.
organizational structure; organizational process
Discontinuous change in an innovation stream is characterized by ____.
technological substitution
Which of the following is the most commonly used paradigm for managing diversity?
the discrimination and fairness paradigm
Affective conflict ____.
typically decreases team cohesiveness
Which of the following statements regarding cohesiveness is true?
Cohesive groups have lower turnover.
Which of the following statements about performance appraisal is true?
Most employees and managers intensely dislike the performance appraisal process.
____ are informally agreed-on standards that regulate team behavior.
Norms
Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true?
Sexual harassment can occur between people of the same sex.
____ is the ability to change organizational structures, policies, and practices if it helps teams meet their stretch goals.
Structural accommodation
____ describes the average level of ability, experience, personality, or any other factor on a team.
Team level
Which of the following statements about job validation tests is true?
Validation refers to the process of determining how well a selection test or procedure predicts future job performance.
According to social psychologist Kurt Lewin, ____ lead to differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time, while ____ support the status quo, or the existing state of conditions in an organization.
change forces; resistance forces
Which of the following methods for managing resistance to change should only be used as a last resort or under crisis conditions?
coercion
Which of the following types of tests accurately predicts job performance in almost all kinds of jobs?
cognitive ability tests
Which of the following diversity practices is a special kind of mentoring?
diversity pairing
To ensure that sexual harassment laws are followed and not violated, companies should ____.
do all of these
Which of the following is an example of an objective performance measure?
input/output measures
A(n) __________ function is an activity that contributes directly to creating or selling the company's products.
line
A(n) __________ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities, precisely defined, unchanging roles, and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.
mechanistic
The term ____ refers to a work environment where (1) each member is empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves; and (2) the individuality of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis of their membership in a particular group.
organizational plurality
A team has finally matured into a fully-functioning team at the ____ stage of development.
performing
Which of the following is one of the stages that teams pass through as they develop and grow, rather than decline?
performing
The three types of task interdependence are
reciprocal, pooled, and sequential
Which of the following jobs would be most likely to require someone who has high degree of extraversion?
salesperson
Which of the following types of teams have the authority to change their composition as well as all of their tasks and work methods?
self-designing teams
In order from beginning to end, the phases of a technology cycle within an innovation stream consist of ____.
technological discontinuity, discontinuous change, dominant design, and incremental change
The purchase of new technologies to replace older ones is an example of ___.
technological substitution
Organizational plurality is consistent with ____.
the learning and effectiveness paradigm
Organizational plurality is consistent with:
the learning and effectiveness paradigm
Which of the following is a paradigm for managing diversity?
the learning and effectiveness paradigm
In the autonomy continuum (which shows how five kinds of teams differ in terms of autonomy), the correct sequence, from low team autonomy to high team autonomy, is ____.
traditional work groups, employee involvement teams, semi-autonomous work groups, self-managing teams, and self-designing teams
Which of the following is one of the three steps in the basic process of managing organizational change outlined by Kurt Lewin?
unfreezing
A(n) ____ is defined as a team composed of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers who use telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task.
virtual team
Which of the following is an example of a diversity principle that will help managers do a better job of managing company diversity programs?
All of these are examples of diversity principles.
Which of the following is a reason teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work?
All of these are reasons why teamwork can be more satisfying than traditional work.
____ undermines team effectiveness by preventing teams from engaging in the kinds of activities that are critical to team effectiveness.
Affective conflict
Which of the following statements describe an advantage teams have over individuals in the decision-making process?
All of these describe advantages teams have over individuals in the decision-making process.
Which of the following statements describes an advantage of the results-driven change approach to managing change?
All of these were cited as advantages of the results-driven change approach.
____ is the degree to which a job gives workers the discretion, freedom, and independence to decide how and when to accomplish their jobs.
Autonomy
____ involves assigning direct authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete tasks for which the manager is normally responsible.
Delegation of authority
____ is a general term that refers to subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units that are responsible for completing particular tasks.
Departmentalization
____ is the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition.
Discontinuous change
____ is intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposefully not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.
Disparate treatment
____ helps companies grow by improving the quality of problem solving and improving marketplace understanding.
Diversity
Which of the following statements explains why diversity actually makes good business sense?
Diversity helps companies attract and recruit talented employees.
____ determines the number, kind, and variety of tasks that individual workers perform in their jobs.
Job design
____ is the relatively stable set of behaviors, attitudes, and emotions displayed over time that makes people different from each other.
Personality
__________ is a fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.
Reengineering
____ is the degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.
Social integration
____ is the degree to which a job is perceived to have a substantial impact on others inside or outside the organization.
Task significance
Which of the following statements about team development is true?
The growth stages are forming, norming, and performing.
When managers delegate work, three transfers occur. The three transfers are responsibility, authority, and ____.
accountability
The purposeful steps taken by an organization to create employment opportunities for minorities and women is called ____.
affirmative action
Unlike ____, which punishes companies for not achieving specific gender and race differences in their work forces, ____ programs seek to benefit both organizations and their employees by encouraging organizations to value all kinds of differences.
affirmative action; diversity
To which of the following aspects of the human resource management process does federal employment law apply?
all of these
Which of the following is a component of a creative work environment that encourages creativity?
all of these
In the typical S-curve pattern of innovation, increased effort (i.e., money, research and development) brings only small improvements in technological performance ____,
at both the beginning and end of the cycle
When significant improvements in performance can ONLY be gained through radical new designs or new performance-enhancing materials, it is likely that a company is ____ in the S-curve pattern of innovation.
at the end of the innovation cycle
The two basic types of diversity training programs are ____.
awareness training and skills-based diversity training
The fact that a 98-pound job candidate is not hired as a dock worker to move 60-pound boxes of produce is legal as a result of ____.
bona fide occupational qualifications (BFOQs)
Affirmative action programs are typically designed to ____.
compensate for past discrimination
The ____ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.
compression
The __________ approach to managing innovation assumes that innovation is a predictable process made up of a series of steps and that compressing the time it takes to complete those steps can speed up innovation.
compression
Before beginning to recruit, organizations must ____.
conduct a job analysis
Which of the Big Five personality measures has the greatest impact on behavior in organizations?
conscientiousness
The ____ is purposefully composed of employees from different functional areas of the organization.
cross-functional team
With divisions that focus on business clients and consumer clients, companies like Sprint, American Express, and others are examples of ____ departmentalization.
customer
A technology ____ begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and dies as it is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology.
cycle
An individual's ____ refers to his or her tendency to respond to situations and events in a predetermined manner.
disposition
____ within P&G's management has led the company to realize that Hispanic consumers "are more likely to support a company or brand that is active in their community."
diversity
A(n) ____ is a formal assessment that measures employee and management attitudes, investigates the extent to which people are advantaged or disadvantaged with respect to hiring and promotions, and reviews companies' diversity-related policies and procedures.
diversity audit
A key difference between affirmative action and diversity is that ____.
diversity has a broader focus
An organization that has increased the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job has engaged in ____.
job enlargement
Decentralization ____.
leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees
Which of the following training methods is most appropriate for imparting information or knowledge to trainees?
lectures and planned readings
In terms of the chain of command, ____ authority is the right to command immediate subordinates, while ____ authority is the right to advise but not command others who are not subordinates.
line; staff
According to John Kotter's analysis of the errors managers make when leading change, the first and potentially most serious of these errors is:
not establishing a great enough sense of urgency
A(n) ____ organization is one that is characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities; loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge.
organic
Hallmark has four departments. These departments are (1) Flowers and Gifts, (2) Cards and E-cards, (3) Hallmark Collectibles, and (4) Photo Albums and Scrapbooks. Hallmark uses ____ departmentalization.
product
Procter & Gamble has divisions for personal and beauty, house and home, health and wellness, baby and family, and pet nutrition and care. These divisions indicate that the company uses ____ departmentalization.
product
The ____ is created to complete specific, one-time projects or tasks within a limited time.
project team
From a legal perspective, there are two kinds of sexual harassment. They are ____.
quid pro quo and hostile work environment
Which of the following might account for the disparities between the percentages of African, Hispanic, and Asian Americans among the general population and their smaller representation in management positions?
racial or ethnic discrimination in the workplace
When a CEO opened the nationwide sales force meeting with a crude sexually explicit joke it was an example of ____.
sexual harassment
An organization that rewards its team members through gainsharing is ____.
sharing the financial value of performance gains
The __________ interview uses only standardized, job-related interview questions that are prepared ahead of time and asked of all candidates
structured
Team rewards that depend on __________ are the key to rewarding team behaviors and efforts.
team performance rather than individual performance
The development of the DVD player was a source of ____ to companies in the movie industry just as VHS tapes had once been.
technological discontinuity
Conscientiousness is ____.
the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, and achievement-oriented
Which of the following statements about disabilities is true?
Accommodations for disabilities needn't be expensive.
____ is a term that describes a situation in organizations when there is a variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among the people who work there and the customers who do business there.
Diversity
__________ means increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the power to make decisions about their own work.
Job enrichment
____ help companies meet the legal requirement that their human resource decisions be job-related.
Job specifications, job analyses, and job descriptions
Which of the following statements about resistance to change is true?
Resistance to change will always occur; it is inevitable.
____ occurs when workers withhold their efforts and fail to perform their share of the work.
Social loafing
____ is the process of solving problems by consistently applying the same rules, procedures, and processes.
Standardization
Former female employees of a national real estate brokerage firm claimed that they were subjected to lewd remarks, unwanted groping, and sexual propositions by male co-workers. According to their attorney, "The firm created a frat-house culture and then failed to do anything about it." Their suit claims the women were victims of ____.
a hostile work environment
With ____, teams no longer have to go through the frustratingly slow process of multilevel reviews and signoffs to get management approval before making changes.
bureaucratic immunity
How are organizations using teams to help increase customer satisfaction?
by creating problem-solving teams to study ways to improve customer satisfaction and make recommendations for improvements
A(n) ____ is the individual who is formally in charge of guiding a change effort.
change agent
The term ____ refers to both the financial and nonfinancial rewards organizations give employees in exchange for their work.
compensation
It is appropriate to use a(n) ____ approach to manage innovation in more certain environments during periods of incremental change, in which the goals are lower costs and incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing technological design.
compression
The central concern of the job characteristics model (JCM) is ____.
internal motivation
In order to be considered ____, recruitment, selection, training, performance appraisals, and employee separations must be valid and be directly related to the important aspects of the job and identified by a careful job analysis.
job-related
To make sure that people with disabilities have the same opportunities as everyone else, organizations can ____.
make a commitment to reasonable workplace accommodations
With ____ departmentalization, most employees report to two bosses.
matrix
A(n) ____ organization is an organization that is characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities; precisely defined, unchanging roles; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.
mechanistic
Except for the core business activities that they can perform better, faster, and cheaper than others, __________ outsource all remaining business activities to outside companies, suppliers, specialists, or consultants.
modular organizations
Group cohesion tends to be relatively strong at the ____ stage of team development.
norming
Teams are typically required when ____.
tasks require multiple perspectives
According to the text, a(n) ____ is a small number of people with complementary skills who hold themselves mutually accountable for pursuing a common purpose, achieving performance goals, and improving interdependent work processes.
work team
