Managerial Accounting SB Chapter 10

the materials price variance is the difference between the actual price of materials

and the standard price for materials times the actual quantity of materials.

when the actual quantity of materials used is less than the standard quantity allowed, the material quantity variance is labeled as ___

favorable

when the standard cost allowed for the actual output is less than the standard cost allowed for the planned output the activity variance is labeled as

favorable

SP(AQ-SQ)

formula for materials quantity variance

the materials price variance is:

generally the responsibility of the purchasing manager impacted by the delivery method chosen charged to the production manager when production problems occur

When demand for a product is insufficient to keep all of the production workers busy and no layoffs occur, an unfavorable ______ ______ variance may occur.

labor efficiency

poor supervision is one possible cause of an unfortunate __ variance

labor efficiency

the difference between the standard and the actual direct labor hourly rates is reflected in the ___ ___ variance

labor rate

excessive inventory on hand, especially in the work in process inventory account, may lead to

obsolete goods, high defect rates, inefficient operations

how much should be paid for each unit is specified by a(n) ___ standard

price

the purchasing manager is generally responsible for the material __ variance, and the production manager is generally responsible for the material __ variance

price, quantity

the labor efficiency variance is generally the responsibility of the ___ manager

production

the materials price variance is generally the responsibility of the ___ department manager

purchasing

the difference between the amount of an input used and the amount that should have been used, all evaluated at the standard price for the input, is called a(n) ____ variance

quantity

Material requirements plus an allowance for normal inefficiencies are added together to determine the ______ _______ of a direct material per unit of output.

quantity standard

A materials price variance is equivalent to a labor ____________ variance and a materials quantity variance is equivalent to a labor ____________ variance.

rate; efficiency

The material variance terms price and quantity are replaced with the terms ______ and ______ when computing direct labor variances.

rate; hours.

the standard labor rate per hour:

reflects the expected mix of workers

the amount of an input that should have been used to produce the actual input is known as the ___ quantity or hours allowed

standard

the amount of direct-labor hours that should be used to produce one unit of finished goods is the ___ hours per unit

standard

the final, delivered price that should be paid for each unit of direct materials is the ______ price per unit of materials.

standard

the labor efficiency variance is the difference between actual hours used and standard hours allowed multiplied by the ___ hourly rate

standard

standard quantities and the cost of the inputs to make a single product are accumulated on a(n) ___ ___ card

standard cost

when calculating the labor rate variance, multiply the actual hours worked times the ____ labor rate and compare it to the actual hours worked times the ___ labor rate

standard, actual

standard rate per hour

the direct labor rate per hour fringe benefits employment taxes

if managers consider it unwise to adjust the workforce in response to changes in workload:

the direct labor workforce is really fixed in the short run

when setting direct labor standards

time and motion studies may be used the production manager should be consulted it is best to use "tight but attainable" standards

a labor efficiency variance is a quantity variance

true

building inventories can reduce unfavorable labor efficiency variances

true

excessive inventories contribute to inefficient operations

true

t/f: a labor efficiency variance is a quantity variance

true

t/f: how production supervisors use direct labor workers can lead to labor rate variances

true

t/f: managers should not use standards to assign blame

true

t/f: overtime premiums can cause an unfavorable labor rate variance

true

t/f: standard cost reports may be too outdated to be useful

true

t/f: standards provide information for measuring performance

true

t/f: the variable overhead rate variance uses the same basic formula as the labor rate variance except the variable overhead rates are used instead of the direct labor rates

true

t/f: when actual results depart significantly from the standard, the reasons why should be investigated

true

the variable part of manufacturing overhead is analyzed using the same basic formulas used for materials and labor

true

a labor rate variance is ___ when the standard hourly rate is lower than the actual rate

unfavorable

if the actual level of activity is greater than the planned level of activity, the activity variances will be

unfavorable

when the actual cost incurred exceeds the standard cost allowed for the actual level of output, the spending variance is

unfavorable

when the standard purchase price is less than the actual price, the material price variance is __.

unfavorable

the standard price of the material is used in the calculation of the material quantity variance because

using actual prices would hold the production manager responsible for the inefficiencies of the purchasing manager

the standard cost for ___ manufacturing overhead is computed the same way as the standard cost for direct labor

variable

the standard rate per unit that a company expects to pay for variable overhead rate equals the

variable portion of the predetermined overhead rate

The materials price variance is generally calculated at the time materials are purchased because:

It simplifies bookkeeping, management can generate more timely variance reports, and it allows materials to be carried in the inventory accounts at standard cost

the materials price variance is calculated using the:

actual price of the input, actual quantity of the input purchased, standard price of the input

Calculate quantity variance

actual quantity * standard price compare it to standard quantity allowed * standard price

the materials price variance is calculated using the ____ quantity of the input purchased

actual

use the following information to calculate the labor efficiency variance for Adkinson Company actual hours used 5500 standard hours allowed 5800 actual labor rate 14.75/hour standard rate 14.00/hour

$14.00 x (5,800 - 5,500) = $4,200 Favorable. This is the labor rate variance. Labor efficiency variance is calculated using the standard, not the actual, labor rate.

Based on the following information, calculate the variable overhead rate variance. actual variable overhead cost 15500 actual hours used 4200 standard hours allowed 4000 standard variable overhead rate 3.75/hr

$250 Favorable Applied overhead of $15,750 (4,200 actual hours x $3.75) - $15,500 of actual overhead = $250 overapplied When the actual cost is less than the applied cost, the variance is favorable.

direct material standards

- should be based on input from production and purchasing managers. - are based on standard price and quantity.

the standard hours per unit of an output includes

-the estimated time to complete the unit -an allowance for cleanup and downtime.

given the following, the standard cost of this item is $____ per unit direct materials per unit 2 pounds direct material cost 2.5 per pound direct labor per unit 0.75 hours direct labor rate 16 per hour variable overhead rate 8 per hour

23 materials (2 pounds * 2.5) + labor (0.75 hours * 16.00) + overhead (0.75 hours * 8.00) = 23

given the following compute the standard cost per widget direct materials per unit 4 pounds direct material cost 1.25 per pound direct labor per unit 1.5 hours direct labor rate 10 per hour variable overhead rate 4 per hour

26 (1.25*4)+(1.5*10)+(1.5*4)

given the following information, calculate the variable overhead efficiency variance actual hours 1500 standard hours allowed 1350 actual variable overhead rate 3.00/hr standard variable overhead rate 3.50/hr

525 unfavorable when actual hours > standard hours, variable overhead efficiency variance is unfavorable (1350-1500)*3.5=525 unfavorable

the standard price of materials is 3.50 per pound and the standard quantity allowed for actual output is 7000 pounds. If the actual quantity purchased and used was 6700 pounds, and the actual price per pound was 3.40, the direct materials price variance is _____ favorable or unfavorable

670 F 6700(3.4-3.5) = 670

advantages to using a standard cost system include:

Standard costs can simplify bookkeeping and can provide benchmarks individuals use to judge their own performance

the difference between the actual hours used and the standard hours allowed for the actual output is used in the calculation of the labor _________ variance

efficiency

t/f: quantity standards refer to the price to be paid for each unit of the input

false

t/f: the standard hours per unit includes both direct and indirect labor hours

false

an unfavorable labor efficiency variance can result from

faulty equipment, insufficient product demand, poorly motivated workers

a materials price variance is _ when the standard price is higher than the actual price

favorable

when direct labor is used as the overhead allocation base, the variable overhead efficiency variance

will be favorable when the direct labor efficiency variance is favorable

how much should be paid for an input is indicated by a price standard

yessir