Managerial Test One BJU Cassarow

problem solving

finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal

Value attachment

Any consideration sufficient to support a simple contract is enough. Even past consideration is enough. Both debtor and creditor must give value

There is only one model of the causes of job satisfaction.

False

The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and environmental factors.

True

job satisfation

a positive feeling about one's work and work setting

resolving problems

a satisfactory solution but prolly won't last

Ethical dilemma

a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal

The president of American Systems announces that all employees will be going on a trip to San Francisco. Some employees like the idea and some don't. According to the ________ component of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the feelings of the employees.

affective

dissolving problems

changing or eliminating the situation in which the problem occurs

job involvement

the degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participates in it, and considers performance important to self-worth

organizational commitment

the degree to which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to maintain membership in the organization

met expectations

the difference between what an individual expects to receive from a job, such as good pay and promotional opportunities, and what he or she actually receives

affective component

the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude

Ethics

the principles of right and wrong that guide an individual in making decisions

counterproductive work behaviors

types of behavior that harm employees and the organization as a whole

flextime

A schedule that allows workers to choose work hours that fit their particular needs.

3 step approach to problem solving

1) Define the problem 2) Identify potential causes 3) Make recommendations and take action

Three ways to reduce cognitive dissonance

1.) changing our behavior to bring it inline with the dissonant cognition. 2.) By attempting to justify our behavior through changing one of the dissonant cognitions 3.) by attempting to justify our behavior by adding new cogntions.

Schwartz

10 core values

Selection Criteria

Characteristics management looks for in selecting individuals for sales positions.

Jane hates the idea of child labor. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas. ________ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news.

Cognitive dissonance

cognitive dissonance

Inner tension that a consumer experiences after recognizing an inconsistency between behavior and values or opinions

Situation factors

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.

In some business situations, you will make recommendations to solve a problem. Which of the following actions can help improve the quality of your recommendations?

Make sure that your recommendations address the causes of the problem.

unethical does

NOT mean legal

turnover

Seasonal changes in warm and cool water layers in lakes.

John is spending 12 hours a day at work and is exhausted. He decides that he will work no more than 8 hours—no matter what. This is a good example of the Three-step Problem-Solving Approach.

True

Extreme examples of unethical and illegal conduct are the exception in the business community. Which of the following statements about this behavior is false?

You can rely on the legal system to manage or assure ethical conduct at work.

behavioral component

a component of attitude that comprises the actions a person takes with regard to the issue at hand

cognitive component

a component of attitude that reflects what a person believes to be true

problem

a gap between a desired state and an existing state

A problem is

a gap between an actual and a desired situation.

employee engagement

an individual's involvement, satisfaction, and enthusiasm for work

Withdrawal Cognitions

an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting

Workplace Attitudes

an outcome of various OB-related processes, including leadership

determinants of intention

attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control

Samuel values his tradition and conformity. Not surprisingly, family time is very important to him. His employer, Stillman & Sons, expects him to work on holidays. Stillman & Sons and Samuel do not share the values of

conservation

Pop's Ice Cream Store sales were down 15 percent this summer. The owner, Pop, says that in his experience rainy summers mean lower ice cream sales. Jonathan, his assistant, notices the staff at Pop's appear uninterested and slow to serve customers. He would like to replace at least one of them with a younger college student for the rest of the summer. Jonathan is using a(n) ________ perspective.

contingency

CWB

counterproductive work behavior

Organizing Framework for problem solving

define problem identify causes make recommendations

3 step problem solving approach

define problem identify potential causes make recommendations

Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions?

equity

attitudes

evaluations of people, objects, and ideas

Personal Attitudes

evaluations, feelings, or opinions about people, places, and objects

Which of the following is not a factor in contributing to employee engagement?

high levels of stress

equity

how fairly an individual is treated at work

values

ideas that guide thinking and behavior

Alexa quit her job because she felt it was boring. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ________ level problem.

individual

Brainstorming unintended consequences

is the remedy for ill-conceived goals.

why ppl quit their jobs

job doesn't fulfill what they value conflicts or lack of commonality faulty reward system

solving problems

optimal or ideal response

Mason is highly satisfied with his job. He receives consistently strong evaluations and volunteers to train new employees. Mason exhibits positive job performance and

organizational citizenship behaviors.

POS

perceived organization values their contributions and genuinely cares about their well-being

there are more

person factors than situation factors

potential reasons for unethical behavior at work

personal motivation pressure from supervisor reward system perception of little to no consequences

personal values

personal standards by which one lives

drivers of organizational commitment

personality meaningfulness of work being performed organizational behavior leader behavior organizational culture

Key drivers of employee engagement

personality positive psychological capital human and social capital

needs

physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior

Claire works for Content Consultants. She telecommutes and has great flexibility in her work schedule. In return, Content Consultants expects to have satisfied clients who hire them again. Claire receives consistently high evaluations. Despite that, the company now wants her to work out of the main office. Claire feels that Content Consultants has breached a(n)

psychological contract.

you should NOT

rely on the legal systems to manage or assure ethical conduct at work

Psycological contract

represent an individuals perception abt the reciprical exchange between him/her or another party

person factors

represent the infinite number of characteristics that give individuals their unique identities

Problem solving and critical thinking are ________ because they use logic and reasoning to develop and evaluate options.

soft skills

Halim hires a new employee who best meets the characteristics he is looking for in the ideal employee. He is

solving the problem.

stressors

specific events or chronic pressures that place demands on a person or threaten the person's well-being

organizational citizenship

the behavior of individuals that makes a positive overall contribution to the organization

interactional perspective

states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and environmental factors

solving problems requires you to

think across levels

4 components of employee engagement

urgency focus intensity enthusiasm

Schwartz's model suggests that

values may conflict with each other.

Kim lives and works in a small town, even though she prefers life in a bigger city. She is quite dissatisfied with her current job and is thinking of leaving the organization. She is worried, however, about her ability to find other employment that pays as well as her current job. Additionally, she is concerned about finding another organization that offers college tuition reimbursement. Based on this information, Kim is experiencing

withdrawal cognitions.

telecommunicating

working from home while staying connected to the office through communications technology