Marine Bio Unit 3 Homework

Pogonophoran worms are unique because they lack:

A digestive tract

Algae are divided taxonomically into different groups based on differences in:

Accessory Pigments

Coralline red algae receive this name due to their ability to:

Accumulate calcium carbonate

A gelatinous substance extracted from algae and used as a growth media in microbiology labs is

Agar

Cyanobacteria

Are capable of nitrogen fixation

A toothed, biting structure found in the mouths of sea urchins that is used for scraping algae is called:

Aristotles lantern

The Sargasso Sea is found in the:

Atlantic Ocean

Infaunal animals are found

Below the sediment-water interface

Reproduction in seaweeds can be very complex. It generally includes:

Both sexual and asexual reproduction

The largest of all the macroalgae/seaweeds is included in which of these groups?

Brown algae

Which of the following is not an arthropod? Barnacle Cephalopods Mantis shrimp Amphipods Rock crab

Cephalopods

The phylum of green algae is:

Chlorophyta

Which of the following are not correctly paired? Class Holothuroidea-sea cucumbers Class Asteroidea-sea stars Class Echinoidea-feather stars Class Ophiuroidea-brittle stars

Class Echinoidea-feather star Class Echinoidea-sea urchin Class Crinoidea-feather star

Cnidocytes are stinging cells that are characteristic of the phylum:

Cnidaria

Which of the following type of cells and structures of sponges does not match the function? Spongin — fibers for support Pore cells — opening through which water enters Collar cells — calcareous structures for support Osculum — opening through which water leaves Gametes — reproduction

Collar cells — calcareous structures for support Collar cells - beat flagella back and forth forcing water through the sponge bringing in nutrients and oxygen; expelling waste and CO2, the sticky collars of collar cells pick up tiny pieces of food

Zonation in salt marshes

Depends on tolerance to environmental stress as you do down in the intertidal zone

One of these organisms is expected to be relatively rare on a rocky shore: Grazer Carnivore Deposit feeder Primary producer Filter feeder

Deposit feeder

Spiny skinned organisms that have a water vascular system belong to the phylum:

Echinodermata

Flatworms are characterized by having:

Eye spots

Nudibranchs belong to the class ____ of the phylum Mollusca.

Gastropoda

Spring tides are caused by:

Gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun when in line during the full and new moon phases

Which of the following is not a crustacean? Barnacle Horseshoe crab Lobster Shrimp

Horseshoe crab (Chelicerata)

Sea grasses differ from seaweeds

In having flowers

Zonation...

Is best developed in rocky-shore environments

In terms of oxygen, the interstitial water in muddy bottoms:

Is deficient in it

One distinctive feature of arthropods:

Jointed legs

Infaunal bivalve species may reduce competition by

Living at different depths below the sediment-water interface

The most distinctive feature of ribbon worms (Nemerteans) is:

Long proboscis

Check each of the following adaptations that are likely to aid an organism in coping with the stresses of the high rocky intertidal zone.

Metabolic depression Outer cuticle Anaerobic metabolism

A nudibranch is a type of:

Mollusc

Predation by sea stars on rocky shores of Washington State ultimately results in:

More species

The development of bilateral symmetry in invertebrates has particularly influenced the evolution of a more complex:

Nervous system

Deposit-feeding animals feed on:

Organic matter that settles on the bottom

One organism typical of the upper intertidal on rocky shores:

Periwinkles

The golden-brown pigment fucoxanthin is found in:

Phaeophyta (brown algae) Diatoms

Which of the following is not correctly paired? Phylum Cnidaria-sea fans Phylum Platyhelminthes-beard worms Phylum Porifera-sponges Phylum Nemertea-ribbon worms Phylum Nematoda-round worms

Phylum Platyhelminthes-beard worms Phylum Platyhelminthes-flatworms Pogonophora-beard worms

Select the most accurate ranking of Florida mangrove trees from most to least tolerant of tidal inundation.

Red mangrove > Black mangrove > White mangrove > Buttonwood

Marine flowering plants can be best differentiated from macroalgae/seaweeds by the fact that the marine flowering plants:

Reproduce by producing seeds

Most brown algae start life attached to rocks; a notable exception is:

Sargassum spp.

One of these organisms is typically a very rare component of soft-bottom intertidal communities: Burrowing organisms Seaweeds Deposit feeders Detritus feeders Infauna

Seaweeds

Fine sediments are characteristic of:

Shores exposed to wave action

The Cnidarians possess:

Stinging cells

The stem-like structure of a macroalgae/seaweed such as kelp is called the:

Stipe

What is false about sea stars? Top surface is often rough or spiny. Stomach is everted to digest its prey. Tube feet are located on the oral surface. Tube feet are used in locomotion. They cannot regenerate lost arms.

They cannot regenerate lost arms.

The greatest diversity of algae is found at

Tropical latitudes

Mixed semidiurnal tides are characterized by:

Two dialy high tides, one higher than the other

Benthic diatoms differ from their planktonic relatives in

Typically being pennate

Green seaweeds

Use starch as their storage product

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of arthropods? Jointed appendages. Well-developed sense organs. Water vascular system. Compound eyes. Hard exoskeleton.

Water vascular system

Byssal threads are used by mussels to cope with:

Wave shock

If a rocky shore highly exposed to wave action is compared to a similar rocky shore that is a lot less exposed to wave action, we should expect that barnacles living on the more exposed shore show a:

Wider vertical distribution

Salt marsh zonation and rocky-shore zonation have the following in common:

Zonation is controlled by a combination of ecological interactions and physical factors

Benthic diatoms

are usually pennate in shape

Colonial animals with zooids that possess a lophophore are:

bryozoans

A worm living in the mid intertidal zone of a mudflat most likely has the ability to

burrow into sediment

Parrotfish have mouths adapted to scrape algae off of coral, and can even munch on coral. The aquarium's corals rapidly dwindled; in their place were shards of

calcium carbonate

Seaweeds...

can be found deeper than marine flowering plants

Which of the following is the group of unicellular primary producers which includes the species responsible for the Ciguatera toxin? dinoflagellates diatoms radiolarians cyanobacteria fungi

dinoflagellates

Most bivalves are:

filter feeders

The type of feeding exhibited in sponges is referred to as:

filter feeding

Which of the following does NOT have a complete digestive tract? nematode annelid mollusk flatworm

flatworm - "blind gut"

Macroalgae/seaweeds can be best differentiated from true plants because macroalgae/ seaweeds:

have no true roots, leaves, or stems

Sponges avoid predators by:

having spicules and producing toxins

Which of the following structure is NOT found in seagrasses? pollen flowers holdfast blades rhizomes

holdfast

A large seaweed that floats freely on the surface of deep bodies of water would be expected to lack which of the following?

holdfasts

In seagrasses, the process of in-water fertilization is called:

hydrophilous pollination

Seaweed reproduction may involve all of the following EXCEPT: asexual reproduction sexual reproduction fragmentation a haploid gametophyte generation hydrophilous pollination

hydrophilous pollination

One day, Tommy (a student in an under-supervised class of 40 fifth graders) got the urge to pet Nemo, the class clownfish, who was swimming among the waving petals of a pretty underwater "flower" that had a big hole in the midst of the petals. Tommy giggled upon finding that these petals were sticky feeling. A few hours later, Tommy was in the nurse's office with nausea and cramps. Microscopic examination of his fingers would probably have revealed the presence of

nematocysts

Sponges have ____ symmetry.

no

The skeletal elements that give support to a sponge's body are called:

spicules

Which cells in a sponge are phenotypically very similar to the closest eukaryote relatives of animals?

those that trap and remove particles from circulating water