Marriage & Families Exam 4 Dowell

According to the World Health Organization, adolescence is the period between the ages of: 9 and 18. 10 and 19. 13 and 19. 13 and 24.

10 & 19

Compared to the general population, in which _____ percent of adults are widowed, _____ percent of adults age 65 and older are widowed. 10; 61 8; 49 6; 32 4; 55

6; 32

1. In considering the source of relationship functioning, a systems perspective is to: ___________as a behavioral perspective is to_________. a. early care-giving experience; repetitive patterns of interaction b. repetitive patterns of interaction; how behaviors are reinforced c. frequency of positive and negative behavior; early care-giving experiences d. repetitive patterns of interaction; negative attributions

B

According to research described in the text, what happens to the effects of external stress on intimate relationships when the source of the stress becomes more noticeable? A- The more obvious the external sources of stress in relationships, the more important it is that partners have sufficient resources to deal with the stress effectively. B- The more salient the external sources of stress in relationships, the less they affect feelings about the relationship. C- The more salient the external sources of stress in relationships, the more negatively those sources of stress affect the relationship. D- The more salient the external sources of stress in relationships, the more likely partners are to notice the internal sources of stress in the relationship (e.g., incompatible communication styles, conflicts, etc.).

B

Stress external to a relationship can affect processes in the relationship by two routes. Specifically, stress: A- affects the daily experiences of couples and also the chronic conditions of their lives B- gives spouses more problems to deal with, and at the same time, lowers the capacity to deal with problems effectively C- creates negative emotions in relationships (e.g., anger and frustration), but at the same time, creates positive emotions (e.g., appreciation and gratitude) D- affects when couples interact with each other and also what they interact about

B

3. Sally and Manuel are in couple's therapy working on their conflict around Sally returning to work after maternity leave. Sally is upset about returning to work and Manuel is angry with her for being so upset. To intervene successfully, an emotion-focused therapist would work on _________. a. increasing positive behaviors and decreasing negative behaviors b. communication skills training c. expressing primary emotions d. empathic joining around the problem

C

3. When a spouse dies, men and women a. Both experience significant emotional trauma that is difficult to overcome b. Transition differently such that women are much more likely to remarry c. Transition differently such that women are more likely to experience financial difficulties. d. Transition different such that men continue to make more intimate relationships that fulfill their emotional needs.

C

Scott gives Amy the silent treatment when she fails to clean up the kitchen after dinner (it is one of her household jobs). After this happens a few times, Amy tries to remember to clean up more regularly, but over time she slips up and the cycle repeats. Which is an accurate statement about this situation? a. The silent treatment is an example of a negative reinforcer. b. Amy's failure to clean up the kitchen is an example of punishment. c. The end of the silent treatment is an example of a negative reinforcer. d. Amy cleaning up the kitchen is an example of a positive punishment.

C

According to the text, which of the following is NOT a reason why low-income couples experience more difficulties in maintaining enduring relationships? A- They often have many personal challenges. For example, they tend to have less education than individuals with higher incomes do. B- The contexts in which they live tend to be marked by greater social disorder. C- They tend to have jobs that force them to work nonstandard hours. D- They do not value marriage as an institution.

D

Children exposed to discord between their parents are more likely than children whose parents have a more harmonious relationship to experience: a. depression b. behavior problems in school c. difficulties in their relationships with peers. d. all of the above

D

Bertie is angry at his wife, Maddy, for talking with other men at a party, and she is sick and tired of his jealousy. What might a therapist using a systems perspective say in response to this situation? Bertie, is it possible that you feel jealous because you always had to compete with your siblings for your mother's attention when you were a child? Maddy, do you think that Bertie's jealousy might be triggered by his fears that you no longer find him attractive? Bertie, can you talk with Maddy about the softer vulnerable feelings that might be behind your feelings of jealousy? Maddy, can you see how Bertie's feelings are a result of his early experiences, and can you try to understand his feelings?

Maddy, do you think that Bertie's jealousy might be triggered by his fears that you no longer find him attractive?

How does an experience of acute stress and physical arousal affect memory about the details of the event? - Memory is enhanced for all details of the experience. - Memory of central details of the experience is enhanced but not memory for peripheral details. - Memory of all details is impaired by the hormones that flood the body. - Memory of the central details is impaired because of trauma, and memory for peripheral details remains intact.

Memory of central details of the experience is enhanced but not memory for peripheral details.

Which of the following educational programs focuses on conflict management and the expression of negative emotions? Compassionate and Accepting Relationships Through Empathy (CARE) Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) Relationship Enhancement (RE) Marriage Checkup (MC)

Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP)

Carlos and Angela have a 6-year-old child named Rosita. They occasionally fight with each other in front of Rosita. Given what you know about children as witnesses of their parents' relationship, what is true? - Rosita is still too young to understand or to be affected by the conflict between her parents. - Rosita can recognize whether Carlos and Angela resolve their conflicts, even if her parents try to mask the conflict with positive affect. - Carlos and Angela can protect Rosita by maintaining a positive emotional tone during their conflicts. - The more Rosita is exposed to conflicts between Carlos and Angela, the less she will be affected by them.

Rosita can recognize whether Carlos and Angela resolve their conflicts, even if her parents try to mask the conflict with positive affect.

Social networks can benefit and harm intimate relationships. What is one way in which social networks do NOT affect intimate relationships? - Social networks enable people to meet potential partners. - Social networks provide a context of people who can help in times of need. - Social networks can be damaging to relationships, particularly when partners' networks do not overlap much. -Shared networks provide barriers that can prevent people from leaving good but not bad relationships.

Shared networks provide barriers that can prevent people from leaving good but not bad relationships.

Cutrona and colleagues (2003) studied the effect of neighborhoods on African American couples' marriages. What best describes their findings? - The affluence of neighborhoods had less effect on marital satisfaction than acute stressors. - Couples in affluent and economically disadvantaged neighborhoods had similar levels of marital satisfaction. - Couples in affluent neighborhoods had lower marital satisfaction than couples in the economically disadvantaged neighborhoods because social networks in the disadvantaged neighborhoods had a higher density. - The chronic stress of living in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods had chronic negative effects on marital satisfaction.

The chronic stress of living in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods had chronic negative effects on marital satisfaction.

Bernardo and Danica are attending their second session of couples therapy. Their therapist gives them a homework assignment to improve the way in which they communicate with each other. What theoretical models is their therapist most likely drawing upon? systems models behavioral models emotion models reframing models

behavioral models

intraindividual

being or occurring within the individual intraindividual changes in performance on cognitive tasks— L. J. Harris.

Research on how adults' relationships affect children shows that: children cannot appreciate the complexity of interactions between adults. - young children have trouble recognizing whether a conflict has been resolved successfully, but older children do not. - the effects of being exposed to parental conflict disappear when - - the quality of parent-child interactions is taken into account. - children's models of intimacy develop through observing adult relationships around them.

children's models of intimacy develop through observing adult relationships around them.

Sally and Manuel are in couples therapy working on a conflict regarding Sally's returning to work after maternity leave. Sally is upset about returning to work, and Manuel is angry at her for being so upset. To successfully intervene, a traditional behavior couples therapist would use the technique of: reformulation. behavior exchange. blamer Softening. communication training.

communication training

The negative effects of stress on relationships can be offset by: - effective problem-solving skills and mutual support. - ending the relationship and starting over again. - increasing intimacy and commitment to the relationship. - ample financial resources, even when the couple has poor problem-solving skills.

effective problem-solving skills and mutual support

Which of the following is a defining feature of friendships? equal status respect affection conflict

equal status

Stress spillover is to ________ as stress crossover is to ________. intraindividual; interpersonal interpersonal; intraindividual satisfaction; problem solving external stress; relationship problems

intraindividual; interpersonal

After 23 years of marriage, Kayla and Fred have decided to seek marital therapy. Their satisfaction with their marriage has decreased over time, to the point where both are feeling quite unhappy. They hardly talk to each other except to argue about the children or finances, and neither can remember when they last had sex. Based on material presented in the chapter about improving relationships, which of Kayla and Fred's problems would a couples therapist find most difficult to treat? lack of loving feelings communication problems lack of sexual activity money management and financial issues

lack of loving feelings

Wives are likely to experience _____ stress crossover when their marriages are_____. less; most satisfying more; most satisfying more; least satisfying less; least satisfying

more; most satisfying

"Sibling rivalry is the result of competition for parental resources." With which theory is this statement most consistent? natural selection theory of mind attachment theory social learning theory

natural selection

According to the text, the main rationale of integrative behavioral couples therapy emphasizes that relationships will improve if: partners increase the frequency of their positive behaviors and decrease the frequency of their negative behaviors. partners understand how their early experiences with their family affect their current relationship needs. partners change negative attributions about each other's behaviors. partners learn to accept or tolerate the negative aspects of each other and of the relationship.

partners learn to accept or tolerate the negative aspects of each other and of the relationship.

Oliver often fails to call his partner, Mike, when he is going to be late coming home from work. On Tuesday, when Oliver is late yet again, Mike states, "Oliver, I really wish you would call me when you're going to be late. When I don't hear from you, I start to worry and get scared that something terrible has happened to you." Mike's statement is an example of: empathic joining. unified detachment. primary emotional disclosure .secondary emotional disclosure.

primary emotional disclosure.

interpersonal

relating to relationships or communication between people.

Which is an example of a primary emotion? anger contempt frustration shame

shame

Maite is explaining why she is unhappy in her relationship. She says to her therapist, "Partners should never go to bed angry. If there's an issue, it should be hashed out immediately rather than wait for it to fester." Maite's complaint reveals which of the following underlying interpretive processes? selective attention attributions expectations standards

standards

Joe's job is very stressful. When he comes home, he often feels grouchy, and he yells at his dog. Joe's wife, Karen, gets upset wondering what Joe will be like when he comes home at the end of the workday. She worries that she is starting to get a bit depressed by this. His dog is also starting to ignore him. Joe's grouchiness at home and the effects on his relationship with his wife and dog would be considered an example of: - stress crossover. - stress spillover. - stressor salience. - stress pileup.

stress spillover

Xavier and Juanita both work full-time at low-wage jobs to pay the rent on their apartment. While they are at work, Juanita's mother cares for their 18-month-old son. In this scenario, the low wages represent a ________, and Juanita's mother's care represents a ________. resource; resource resource; stressor stressor; stressor stressor; resource

stressor; resource

What is a main task of a behaviorally oriented therapist? to determine the function of problematic behavior To understand how past relationships affect current behavior To help couples learn to accept each other's short comings To change maladaptive attributions

to determine the function of problematic behavior