Marriage and Family Exam 2

What are dating scripts

Highly gendered expectations that govern behavior in the getting-to-know-you stage of dating relationships, with men and women having far different expectations about what happens during and after a date.

What is the life cycle stage known as emerging adulthood

emerging adulthood is a fairly new life cycle stage typically defined as young adults ages 18 to 29 who spend more time in higher education or exploring options regarding work, career, and family making than in the past.

What are interracial marriages?

interracial marriages include unions between partners of the white, black, Asian, or Native American races with a spouse outside their own race

What does relationship stability, happiness, and satisfaction depend on

it depends on how the partners interact with each other and on the perceived social support the couple receives from family members, friends, and the community in general

What is the wheel of love

it is a 4 stage process of the development of love: rapport, self-revelation, mutual dependence, and personality need fulfillment.

What is manipulation

manipulation is working to control feelings, attitudes, and behavior of your partner in underhanded ways rather than by directly stating your case

What is Endogamy

marrying within one's social group

What should love should not be confused with

martyring, manipulating, or limerence

What are downsides of martyrs experience

martyrs seldom feel that they receive genuine affection. A martyr's reluctance to express his or her needs is damaging to a relationship because it prevents openness and intimacy.

What does Self-revelation, or self-disclosure involve

elf-revelation, or self-disclosure involves gradually sharing intimate information about oneself.

What is an example of a question question on the LAS designed to measure pragma

"A main consideration in choosing a partner is/was how he/she would reflect on my family"

What question are storge lovers likely to agree with on the LAS

"I always expect to be friends with the one I love"

What would an example of a LAS statement designed to measure ludus be?

"I enjoy playing the game of love with a number of different partners"

What question are Agape lovers likely to agree with on the LAS

"I try to always help my partner through difficult times"

What is an example of a question question on the LAS designed to measure eros

"My partner and I have the right chemistry between us"

What are examples of statements a person in mania love would relate to?

"When my partner doesn't pay attention to me, I feel sick all over" or "I cannot relax if I feel my partner is with someone else"

What is agape love?

-Agape emphasizes unselfish concern for a beloved's needs even when that requires personal sacrifice. -Sometimes called altruistic love or compassionate love, agape emphasizes nurturing others with little conscious desire for a return other than the intrinsic satisfaction of having loved and cared for someone else

What are 5 reasons for more unmarried people than in the past

1. Most men and women wait until their late twenties and early thirties to get married (which is later) 2. Adults are simply choosing to not marry. 3. Another factor is the growing proportion of widowed elderly. 4. The high proportion of singles also results from relatively high divorce rates 5. Finally, the high proportion of singles today also results from a dramatically escalating rate of cohabitation.

What is swinging

A marriage agreement in which couples exchange partners to engage in purely recreational sex.

What is polyamory

A marriage system in which one or both spouses retain the option to sexually love others in addition to their spouses.

What does single mean?

According to the US Census Bureau, single simply means unmarried.

How would a person with an avoidant attachment act in a relationship

An avoidant attachment style leads one to pass up or shun closeness and intimacy by evading relationships, demonstrating ambivalence, seeming preoccupied, or, among men, rejecting romance and expressing hostile attitudes toward women

How would an insecure/anxiously attachment person act in a relationship

An insecure/anxious attachment style entails "fear of abandonment" with consequent possible negative behaviors such as unwarranted jealousy or attempts to control one's partner

What is an example of Pragma love

Arranged marriages

What is the relationship between Asians/Hispanics and blacks or non-hispanic whites in terms of living alone

Asians and Hispanics of all ages are less likely to live alone then are blacks or non-hispanic whites

What do arranged marriages and free choice marriages have in common

Both involve bargaining. What has changed in free-choice societies is that individuals, not family members, do the bargaining.

What is Marriage Premise

By getting married, partners accept the responsibility to keep each other primary in their lives and to work hard to ensure that their relationship continues.

In general when is cohabitating likely to work out

Cohabiting couples with similar understandings of the nature and goals of the relationship have a lower likelihood of divorce

How do students who had secure attachment styles compare to students who had avoidant and anxious styles?

Compared to students who had secure attachment styles, students who had avoidant and anxious styles were more likely to use hooking up as a means to cope and deal with disappointment, and, among men, to boost self-confidence and impress peers

What is consummate love?

Consummate love is composed of intimacy, commitment, and passion

What is Eros

Eros is characterized by intense emotional attachment and powerful sexual feelings or desires. Sustained relationships established by erotic couples are characterized by continued and emotionally intense sexual interest

What is Exogamy

Exogamy is marrying a partner from outside one's own social group

What are feelings of rapport

Feelings of rapport are feelings of mutual trust and respect; often established by similarity of values, interests, and background.

What is the difference between domestic partnerships and civil unions.

Generally, domestic partnerships grant couples lesser status and fewer benefits than do civil unions.

How does geographic availability account for homogamy

Geographic availability helps account for some educational and social class homogamy. Middle-class people tend to socialize together and send their children to the same schools; upper- and lower-class people do the same.

What is a commune?

Groups of adults and perhaps children who live together, sharing aspects of their lives. Some communes are group marriages, in which members share sex; others are communal families, with several monogamous couples, who share everything except sexual relations and their children.

What is a consensual marriage

Heterosexual, conjugal unions that have not gone through a legal marriage ceremony.

What is the difference between arranged marriages and assisted marriages

In arranged marriages the children may have had little or no say in the matter, and they may not have met their future spouse until the wedding. In assisted marriages children to marry only when they themselves accept their parents' choice.

How does bargaining and exchange theory relate to free choice relationships

Individuals, it is presumed, want to maximize their rewards and avoid costs, so when they have choices they will pick the relationship that is most rewarding or least costly. physical attractiveness, intelligence, educational attainment, family status, and so on.

What are interethnic marriages

Interethnic marriages are marriages between spouses who are not defined as of different races but do belong to different ethnic groups. for example hispanic and another group

What is Intimacy

Intimacy is close connected, and bonding feelings in a loving relationship. It includes feelings that create the experience of warmth in a loving relationship, such as experiencing happiness with the loved one; sharing one's self and ones possession with the loved one; having intimate communication

What are the 3 components necessary to authentic love Sternberg's Triangular Theory of love

Intimacy, Passion, and Commitmen

What is martyring?

Involves maintaining relationships by consistently minimizing ones own needs while trying to satisfy those of one's partner Martyrs may have good intentions, believing that love involves doing unselfishly for others without voicing their own needs in return.

How does social support effect a relationship

It affects the overall level of positive affect experienced in the relationship and the extent to which important personal needs are being met

what does how partners interact with each other depend on

It depends on a person's ideas about the partner and the relationship

What do person's ideas about the partner and the relationship depend on

It depends partly on the personality traits each partner brings to the union

What is Loving

It is a caring, responsible, and sharing relationship involving deep feelings, and it is a commitment to intimacy.

What is the emerging lifestyle choice of Living Apart Together (LAT)

It is the choice in which a couple is committed to a long-term relationship but each partner maintains a separate dwelling

What is the mutual dependency stage of a relationship

It is the stage of a relationship in which two people desire to spend more time together and thereby develop interdependence.

What is cohabitation?

Living together in an intimate, sexual relationship without traditional, legal marriage. Sometimes referred to as living together or marriage without marriage, cohabitation can be a courtship process or an alternative to legal marriage, depending on how partners view it.

What does loving involve?

Loving involves the acceptance of partners for themselves, people are free to be themselves in a loving relationship and expose their feelings, frailties, and strengths

What is ludus love?

Ludus focuses on love as play or fun. Ludus emphasizes the recreational aspects of sexuality and enjoying many sexual partners rather than searching for one serious relationship. (can be found in other types of love as well)

What is Mania Love

Mania designates a wild or violent mental disorder, an obsession, or a craze. Mania involves strong sexual attraction and emotional intensity, as does eros. However, mania differs from eros in that manic partners are extremely jealous and moody, and their need for attention and affection is insatiable. Manic lovers alternate between euphoria and depression. The slightest lack of response from a love partner causes anxiety and resentment.

What is homogamy

Marriage between partners of similar race, age, education, religious background, and social class.

What is heterogamy

Marriage between partners who differ in race, age, education, religious background, or social class

What are cross national marriages

Marriages in which spouses are from different countries.

Why are homogamous marriages more likely to be successful?

Marriages that are homogamous are more likely to be stable because partners are more likely to share the same values and attitudes when they come from similar backgrounds

Who falls in love more quickly fall

Men

What is free-choice culture?

People choose their own mates, although often they seek parents' and other family members' support for their decision.

How does love come to be

People discover love; they don't simply find it. The term discovering implies a process, developing and maintaining a loving relationship requires seeing the relationship as valuable, committing to mutual needs satisfaction and self-disclosure, engaging in supportive communication, and spending time together.

How would people with secure attachment styles react to committed relationships

People who are securely attached have less ambivalence about emotional closeness and commitment, therefore we can conclude that those with a secure attachment style have stronger interpersonal skills and are better prospects for a committed relationship

What is Pragma

Pragmatic love emphasizes the practical element in human relationships and rational assessment of a potential partner's assets and liabilities.

What type of partners to psychologist advise choosing

Psychologists and counselors advise choosing a partner who is integrated into society by means of school, employment, and a network of friends and who fairly consistently demonstrates supportive communication and problem-solving skills

What is also related to acceptance

Related to acceptance is having EMPATHY towards one's partner which includes understanding them from their frame of reference rather than one's own

What is the sex ratio?

Sex ratio is the number of men to women in a given society or subgroup

What are the stages in the four-stage process through which cohabitation becomes a socially acceptable living arrangement that is equal in status to marriage.

Stage 1: marry without living together first. Stage 2: more people live together but mainly as a form of courtship before marriage, Stage 3: cohabiting becomes a socially acceptable alternative to marriage. Stage 4: cohabitation and marriage become virtually indistinguishable, both socially and legally.

What is the need fulfillment stage of a relationship

Stage of relationship development in which two people find they satisfy a majority of each other's emotional needs with the result that rapport increases and leads to deeper self-revelation, more mutually dependent habits, and still greater need satisfaction.

What is storge

Storge is an affectionate, companionate style of loving. Deeps mutual commitment, respect, friendship over time, and common goals. basic attitudes to their partners are one of familiarity

What have studies shown about the need for love in boys and girls

Studies have challenged the notion that girls want romance and boys want sex. Boys are wanting more than just sex

What is assortative mating?

The assortative mating theory posits that mate selection involves narrowing down the possibilities until a suitable partner is found.

What 3 developments did emergent individualist orientation result in

The authority of kin and extended family weakened. Individuals began to find their own marriage partners. Romantic love came to be associated with marriage.

What is the exchange model

The historic tendency for women to trade their ability to bear and raise children, coupled with domestic duties, sexual accessibility, and physical attractiveness, for a man's protection, status, and economic support

What is the selection hypothesis

The idea that many of the changes found in a dependent variable, which might be assumed to be associated with the independent variable, are really due to sample selection. For instance, the selection hypothesis posits that many of the benefits associated with marriage—for example, higher income and wealth, along with better health—are not necessarily due to the fact of being married but, rather, to the personal characteristics of those who choose—or are selected into—marriage. Similarly, the selection hypothesis posits that many of the characteristics associated with cohabitation result not from the practice of cohabiting itself but from the personal characteristics of those who choose to cohabit. This theory proposes that it is not that cohabitation is the reason marriage fails, but rather the characteristics of people who choose to cohabitate bring to the marriage causes it to fail

What is the experience hypothesis

The idea that the independent variable in a hypothesis is responsible for changes to a dependent variable. With regard to marriage, the experience hypothesis holds that something about the experience of being married itself causes certain results for spouses.

What is The Marriage Market

The marriage market is the sociological concept that potential mates take stock of their personal and social characteristics and then comparison shop or bargain for the best buy (mate) they can get.

What are the six love styles?

They are sets of distinctive characteristics that loving or lovelike relationships take: eros, storge, pragma, agape, ludus, mania

Findings of studies of the six love styles

They found that eros can last throughout marriage and is related to high satisfaction. Agape is also positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Storge to be important only in marriages with children. Ludus did not necessarily diminish relationship satisfaction among those who are mutually uncommitted. However, ludic attitudes have been empirically associated with diminished long-term relationship and marital satisfaction

How do committed partners view their relationship

They view it as as worth keeping, and they work to maintain it despite difficulties

How would those with an insecure/anxious style communicate with technology

Those with an insecure/anxious attachment style texted more often and were more likely to look at their partners' Facebook pages.

How would those with the avoidant style communicate with technology

Those with the avoidant style were more likely to use e-mail as opposed to phone calls and texting

What is a way we can minimize mate selection risk other than choosing the "right" partner

We can let go of misconceptions we might have about love and choosing a partner. such as these myths "The right person will meet all my needs, I can change my partner, Love will conquer all, Love is a feeling, We'll live happily ever after.

What is limerence?

a form of infatuation, similar to romantic love. Intrusive thoughts about love object

What is attachment theory

attachment theory states during infancy and childhood a young person develops a general style of attaching to others

What are measures of love

attachment, intimacy, compassion, and infatuation, and physical sciences (oxytocin and serotonin)

What is commitment to another

commitment is characterized by a willingness to work through tough problems and conflicts

What is commitment

commitment is the decision/commitment component of love—consists of not only deciding to love someone but also deciding to maintain that love.

What is passion

passion refers to the drives that lead to romance, physical attraction, sexual consummation, and the like in a loving relationship

What is the status exchange theory

regarding interracial/interethnic marriage, the status exchange theory is the argument that an individual might trade his or her socially defined superior racial/ethnic status for the economically or educationally superior status of a partner in a less-privileged racial/ethnic group.

When it comes to love and breakups who is more resilient, men or women

women