Mass Questions for Ch 14-16 (Exam 2)

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A thought that arises through a "feeling" that the thought is right is referred to as a(n) _____ thought. A. intuitive B. factual C. experimental D. logical

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of _____. A. identity versus role confusion B. intimacy versus isolation C. independence versus neediness D. integration versus separation

Alisha took an overdose of prescription pills, but before she lost consciousness she called her mom for help. Alisha was rushed to the hospital for medical attention. Alisha's behavior is defined as _____. A. parasuicide B. self-destructive behavior C. deliberate suicide D. suicide ideation

All Christians believe in the Bible, and Josiah is a Christian; therefore Josiah believes in the Bible. This is an example of _____. A. deductive reasoning B. theoretical reasoning C. concrete reasoning D. formal reasoning

During psychosocial development, the adolescent is trying to figure out:

"Who am I?"

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question _____.

"Who am I?"

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question:

"Who am I?"

A study (Gentile, 2011) of almost 2,000 older children and adolescents in the United States found that these individuals played an average of _____ hours of video games each day. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

Angel's parents wanted him to be part of the family business—and Angel planned to do so. Then, at age 21, he decided to leave the business to study to be a lawyer. Angel resisted _____. A. identity foreclosure B. forced conversion C. role repudiation D. negative identity

At adolescence, the pituitary activates the _________, which are the ovaries in females and testicles in males. A. gonads B. pituitary glands C. adrenal glands D. sex glands

Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in ________ percent of young women in the United States. A. 1 to 3 B. 5 to 7 C. 8 to 10 D. 11 to 13

Deductive reasoning is also referred to as _____ reasoning. A. top-down B. theoretical C. concrete D. bottom-up

During puberty, the growth spurt sequence typically occurs in this order. A. weight, height, muscles B. weight, muscles, height C. height, weight, muscles D. muscles, height, weight

Erin uses drugs, cuts herself, and engages in risky sexual behaviors. Erin likely has _____. A. low self-esteem B. high self-esteem C. a normal teenage phase D. found ways to avoid depression

Family conflict and stress _____. A. may contribute to an early onset of puberty B. may contribute to a late onset of puberty C. typically increases after the onset of puberty D. typically decreases after the onset of puberty

Healthy communication and support from parents make _____ peer relationships more likely. A. constructive B. destructive C. opposite sex D. romantic

Heavy drinking impairs memory and self-control by _____. A. damaging the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex B. damaging heart and lungs C. increasing blood pressure D. causing strokes in the brain

Identity diffusion is typically characterized by _________. A. no focus on or concern about the future B. foreclosure C. following one's heart D. commitment to a cause

In the United States, one way for some to legitimatize an identity moratorium is to _____. A. go to college B. get married C. have a baby D. smoke marijuana

Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced ___________. A. precocious puberty B. abnormal hormonal fluctuations C. preterm menarche D. excessively high levels of androgens

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their _____. A. personal fable B. post-operational thought C. moral reasoning D. invincibility fable

Many longitudinal studies have shown that _____ anger during adolescence is normal and that most adolescents express their anger in _____ ways. A. increased; acceptable B. decreased; acceptable C. increased; illegal D. decreased; illegal

Most U.S. high schools emphasize learning based on _____, which is developmentally appropriate. A. formal thinking B. memorization C. practical cognition D. international standards

Most drug use begins ___________. A. as social use B. as hidden, individual use C. with heavy, illegal drugs D. with the onset of puberty

Once the primary sexual organs begin to function, adolescents are biologically capable of _____. A. reproduction B. weight loss C. giving blood D. sleeping fewer hours

One reason that the teenage pregnancy rate in most European nations is less than half of that in the United States may be because _____. A. of the European sex-education curriculum B. European adolescents live at home longer C. American parents are too permissive D. European teens reach puberty later

is depressed and has difficulty with sex or other psychosocial problems.

A young boy experienced ongoing sexual abuse until he was 15. Now that he is a grown man, it is likely that he:

identity foreclosure

Angel's parents wanted him to be part of the family business—and Angel planned to do so. Then, at age 21, he decided to leave the business to study to be a priest. Angel resisted:

Approximately 1 in ____ adolescent boy is affected by clinical depression.

Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent girls is affected by clinical depression.

Approximately 12 percent of U.S. couples are _____. infertile celibate unfaithful same-sex

Which immigrant youth seem to suffer from lower self-esteem than the other groups?

Asian

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is ____________. A. menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development B. nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche C. the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development D. the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche

According to the text, which is NOT a possible reason for the decrease in juvenile criminal behavior? A. fewer school dropouts B. lenient drug laws C. smaller families D. less lead poisoning

Holly, age 13, notices that her hips are widening and her breasts are developing. Holly is noticing changes in her _____ sex characteristics. A. primary B. secondary C. puberty D. prefrontal

In 2011, only _________ percent of adolescents consumed the recommended three or more servings of vegetables daily. A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25

In a national sample of 10- to 17-year-olds, almost _____ percent say that a photo of themselves with few or no clothes has been sent electronically (Mitchel et al., 2012). A. 1 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7

In general, as children experience puberty, their self-esteem _____. A. rises B. declines C. rises then declines D. remains stable

In recent years, the so-called digital divide has _____ among adolescents. A. increased B. decreased C. remained steady D. disappeared

In the United States, parent-child conflict is most common when children are in _____. A. late childhood B. early adolescence C. late adolescence D. emerging adulthood

Alex has decided to pursue a career in music, even though his parents want him to study medicine. Alex has decided not to share his future career plans with his parents. Alex is most likely from _____. A. the United States B. Chile C. the Phillipines D. Hong Kong

An adolescence-limited offender refers to someone who _____. A. attacks only other adolescents B. stops committing crimes by age 21 C. is never arrested D. is a juvenile delinquent

An approach to understanding intelligence that holds that intelligence can be directly increased by effort is referred to as the _____ approach. A. entity B. incremental C. dual-process D. intrinsic-extrinsic

An intervention study designed to improve family communication and cohesion between parents and their sons (Brody et al., 2009) revealed that the sons' DNA was important to the outcome. Which of the following was a finding from the study? A. The intervention had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene. B. The intervention had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene. C. The control experience had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene. D. The control experience had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.

Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent girls is affected by clinical depression. A. 2 B. 5 C. 10 D. 100

Bill, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will probably be _____. A. beard development B. penis growth C. spermarche D. voice change

Blair has heard repeatedly from her parents about the potential dangers of drinking alcohol, yet at a party she gladly accepts a beer from a classmate. Blair thinks that this classmate is one of the most popular students at school. In this situation, what type of thinking is most likely dominating Blair's decision to accept the beer? A. inductive reasoning B. intuitive thought C. concrete reasoning D. analytic thought

Data indicates a marked decline in __________ rates in most countries for the past few decades. A. teenage pregnancy B. teen birth C. romantic relationship D. contraception use

During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain. A. prefrontal cortex; limbic system B. limbic system; prefrontal cortex C. prefrontal cortex; amygdala D. cerebellum; amygdala

During puberty, young people center on themselves, in part because brain maturation heightens _____. A. self-esteem B. self-consciousness C. self-concept D. self-identity

Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique's _____. A. sex B. gender identity C. sexual orientation D. gender

Fifteen-year-old Richard wants to be allowed to drive the family car, even though he does not yet have a driver's license. When his parents ask him why he thinks he should have driving privileges, he answers, "I know other kids who do it, and it's just stupid that I have to wait another three months until I turn 16." This is an example of what kind of thinking? A. reasoning B. intuitive C. logical D. analytical

Suicidal ideation refers to _____. A. a deliberate act of self-destruction that does not end in death B. thinking about suicide C. the belief that suicide is an effective way of getting back at one's parents or peers D. feelings of sadness or hopelessness

The more successful therapy for eating disorders during adolescence appears to be ___________. A. individual therapy B. family-based therapy C. behavioral modification D. systematic desnsitization

The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, is called _____. A. dual-thinking model B. dual-process model C. dual-reasoning model D. emotional-analytic model

The school years after elementary or grade school and before college or university are referred to as _____. A. primary education B. secondary education C. tertiary education D. quaternary education

The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents' _____. A. ability to understand how others perceive them B. belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance C. constant posing and posturing before mirrors D. belief that others are spying on them

The two most common drugs used by adolescents are ___________. A. inhalants and alcohol B. tobacco and alcohol C. marijuana and alcohol D. prescription drugs and tobacco

Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a hunch is referred to as _____. A. deductive reasoning B. intuitive thought C. concrete reasoning D. analytic thought

Three different girls tell Brian that Titanic is their all-time favorite movie. He concludes that all girls love that movie. Brian has just used _____. A. hypothetical reasoning B. inductive reasoning C. deductive reasoning D. adolescent egocentrism

Which are two of the aspects of family closeness during adolescence? A. communication and autonomy B. support and connectedness C. connectedness and authority D. openness and control

Which factor is a good predictor of health for people around the world? A. obtaining a master's degree or a Ph.D. B. completing secondary education C. attending private instead of public schools D. attending schools that follow Western academia

Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet? A. magnesium and B vitamins B. iron and calcium C. sodium and potassium D. vitamins A and C

Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct? A. There is no correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females. B. There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females. C. There is a negative correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females. D. There is a correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty only among female adolescents who are Native American.

Who are considered to be "digital natives" in the United States? A. infants B. adolescents C. adults between the ages of 35 and 55 D. adults over the age of 65

William was an early-maturing boy in the 1930s. William would have been predicated to __________. A. be aggressive as an adolescent B. be a school leader as an adolescent C. use alcohol as an adolescent D. have an older romantic relationship partner

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _________ years of age or as late as __________ years of age. A. 5; 18 B. 7; 16 C. 8; 14 D. 10; 13

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs _________. A. when facial hair first appears B. after the peak growth spurt C. following growth of the penis D. when the final pubic hair pattern is established

For girls, menarche is _____. A. the beginning of growth of the uterus B. the first ovulation of a mature egg C. a girl's first menstrual period D. the first year of menstruation

Formal, logical, hypothetical-deductive thinking described by Piaget is referred to as _____. A. deductive reasoning B. intuitive thought C. concrete reasoning D. analytic thought

Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should _____. A. match his projected size for next year B. cause him maximum exertion C. match his size from the previous year D. be doubled each week

Harold readily adopted his parent's political beliefs without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in political events with his parents. His identity status reflects _____. A. diffusion B. achievement C. foreclosure D. moratorium

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents _____. A. pause during their identity formation to explore alternatives B. form their identity prematurely C. do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role D. understand who they are as connected to everything they have learned

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with _____. A. girls choosing to date younger boys B. girls entering into early, nurturing relationships C. aggression and antisocial behavior in boys D. boys becoming leaders in their schools

Jamal and his classmates are taking a test today that will determine if they graduate from high school. Jamal and his classmates are taking a(n) _____ test. A. Advanced Placement B. International Baccalaureate C. high-stakes D. college entrance

Which student is MOST likely to be admired during middle school? A. Allie, who is a straight A student B. Lloyd, who attends school regularly but fails most of his classes C. Louisa, who uses marijuana and frequently finds herself in physical fights. D. Chong, who is conscientious and friendly

With respect to suicide, what is more common in adolescent boys than in adolescent girls? A. serious consideration of suicide B. parasuicide C. completed suicide D. cluster suicide

Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at once and then makes herself vomit. Josefina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. She MOST likely suffers from _____. A. anorexia nervosa B. degenerative organ disease C. anxiety D. bulimia nervosa

Juanita just solved this math problem: (35xy2)(6zy3). Her ability to do so places her in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? A. sensorimotor B. preoperational C. concrete operational D. formal operational

Later high school start times have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT __________. A. less adolescent depression B. higher grades C. less student absenteeism D. decreased college attendance

Lydia finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called _________. A. parasuicide B. self-destructive behavior C. deliberate suicide D. suicide ideation

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is _________. A. lengthening of the torso B. increased muscle mass C. growth of arms and legs D. growth of fingers and toes

One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is ________. A. lack of media attention to the importance of good nutrition B. misunderstanding about what is and is not healthy food C. altered taste buds due to hormonal surges D. anxiety about their body image

weight, height, muscles

During a boy's puberty, the growth spurt sequence typically occurs in this order.

limbic system; prefrontal cortex

During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain

Earl Hunt, a psychologist who studies intelligence, has proposed that nations with the most advanced economies and greatest national wealth are those that make best use of cognitive _____, that is, ways to amplify and extend general cognitive ability. modifiers tools artifacts optimizers

T/F: Some of the problems associated with teenage pregnancy, including malnourishment and postponed prenatal care, depend mostly on the SES of the expectant mother.

False

T/F: Stress in an adolescent's family decreases the hormones of puberty.

False

T/F: The United States has the best high school graduation rates of all developed nations.

False

The theorist who proposed the idea that individuals continue to develop into adulthood was _____.

Eriksons

are supportive, but do not assume complete care for her child.

Eva is about to become a teenage mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents:

T/F: The average age of menarche for girls of normal weight is 15 years 6 months.

False

T/F: The four areas of identity formation identified by Erikson include religious, political, familial, and physical identities.

False

T/F: The major events of growth and sexual maturation associated with puberty typically are completed a year or two after puberty begins.

False

T/F: The process of rumination helps adolescents recover more quickly from the effects of difficult experiences.

False

T/F: The rate of clinical depression in girls triples during the adolescent years.

False

T/F: The rate of clinical depression is higher for adolescent boys than it is for adolescent girls.

False

T/F: Today's adults are considered to be "digital natives."

False

T/F: Today, about 75 percent of adolescents spend time online.

False

T/F: Usually academic achievement increases and behavioral problems decrease during middle school.

False

T/F: Video games with violent content have not been associated with aggression in adolescents.

False

The United States has the best high school graduation rates of all developed nations. True or False

False

The average age of menarche for girls of normal weight is 15 years, 6 months. True or False

False

The major events of growth and sexual maturation associated with puberty typically are completed a year or two after puberty begins. True or False

False

Today's adults are considered to be "digital natives." True or False

False

Today, about 75 percent of adolescents spend time online. True or False

False

True or false: Youth continue to report sexual activity at younger and younger ages.

False

Happiness among those who cohabit is associated with national _____. acceptance of cohabitation rates of cohabitation trends of cohabitation laws regarding cohabitation

foreclosure

Harold readily adopted his parent's religious faith without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in religious events with his parents. His identity status reflects:

Klaczynski's research found that logical thinking improved with age and education, but not with _____.

Klaczynski's research showed that logical thinking improved with age and education, but not with _____.

They may coexist and cause conflict in thinking

Identify the true statement about adolescents' analytic and intuitive thought pathways.

apathy

Identity diffusion is typically characterized by:

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents _____. pause during their identity formation to explore alternatives form their identity prematurely do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role understand who they are as connected to everything they have learned

Idina is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience _____. welcome attention from boys her age pride that she is ahead of her friends teasing from boys her age a better body image than her peers

In the United States, the trend has been toward _____ nursing home residents. more a stable number of fewer trying to increase the number of

poor body image

Mila told a friend that she doesn't like the way her legs look in her new volleyball uniform. She said she hates her body, and expressed a desire to lose a lot of weight. Mila's concerns likely reflect _____.

Which of the following is true about the best curricula and school structures style for adolescents?

No school structure or pedagogy is best for every student.

Noah has added a room to his house in anticipation of his elderly parents moving in with him. As their oldest son, he feels obligated to provide care for them out of a sense of _____. filial responsibility family ethics guilt surrogate parenting

Adolescents are more likely than adults to choose to stay up all night, go through a day without eating, an exercise in pain, or text while driving because of an immature _____.

Prefrontal cortex

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question _____. "What am I going to do with my life?" "Will I ever find someone to love?" "Who am I?" "Why don't my parents understand me?"

decline

Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. Academically, we can expect their achievement to:

Statistically, which adolescent is MOST apt to experience menarche first?

Rebecca, who is African American

Ronald seems to thrive on changing jobs, is artistic, and likes to try new things. He would be rated high on the personality dimension called _____. extroversion openness neuroticism sociability

are not directly related to fertility

Secondary sex characteristics are traits that _____.

the growth of the heart and lungs

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by _____.

16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating

Statistically, which person is MOST likely to have the greatest health problems due to iron deficiency?

theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood.

Stratification

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning adolescent suicide?

Suicidal ideation is common among adolescents, but completed suicides are not.

thinking about suicide.

Suicidal ideation refers to:

Sylvia babysits two days a week for her school-age grandchildren and regularly gives her neighbor, who can no longer drive, a ride to the grocery store and doctor appointments. She also frequently sends small amounts of money to her daughter, who has just returned to college. Which of the following statements about Sylvia's activities is NOT true? These informal activities are not measured in statistics about the volunteer work of the elderly. Many elderly people provide this kind of informal volunteer assistance to others. This work, like all volunteer work, is likely to increase Sylvia's well-being. Sylvia would be better off volunteering with an organization; to really help others, she needs more structure to her activities.

a higher

Teenagers have _____ rate of gonorrhea, genital herpes, and chlamydia when compared to sexually active people of other age groups.

Which of the following statements concerning homosexual youth is TRUE?

Ten percent of heterosexual adults report having had same-sex encounters during their adolescence.

tobacco and alcohol.

The two most common drugs used by adolescents are:

peer pressure.

The urge to conform to one's peers in behavior, dress, and attitude is referred to as:

Mr. and Mrs. Cortina have discovered that their son has been skipping classes and cutting school with a group of boys. Which conclusion is MOST likely true?

Their son chose this group because he shares their interests.

Mr. and Mrs. Vasquez have discovered that their son has been cutting school with a group of boys. Which conclusion is MOST likely true?

Their son chose this group because he shares their interests.

Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct?

There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females

Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct?

There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females.

A family of many generations but with only a few members of each generation is called a _____ family.

beanpole

According to Jean Piaget and his colleagues, around age 10, children are first able to use the trial-and-error method to achieve some understanding of balance. True or False

True

Adolescents from low-income households are less likely to use the Internet at home than those from higher-income households. True or False

True

Adolescents place a very high value on social warmth and friendships. True or False

True

Andre, an adolescent, constantly thinks about himself and how others perceive him. This egocentrism is common at his age. True or False

True

Both boys and girls produce androgens and estrogens. True or False

True

During the past several decades, the so-called "double standard"—that boys are expected to be sexually active while girls are not—has narrowed in every ethnic group. True or False

True

High school students can think abstractly, analytically, hypothetically, and logically as well as emotionally and intuitively. True or False

True

Hypothetical thought involves imagined possibilities. True or False

True

In many cases, perpetrators of child sexual abuse are someone the victim knows well. True or False

True

It appears that the timing of menarche is related to the accumulation of a certain amount of body fat, which is why heavy girls generally menstruate earlier than other girls do. True or False

True

Menarche does not usually occur until a girl weighs 100 pounds. True or False

True

One reason for nutritional deficiencies during adolescence is preoccupation with body image. True or False

True

Secondary sex characteristics signify masculinity and femininity. True or False

True

Studies suggest that genes influence the timing of puberty. True or False

True

T/F: Abnormalities in the HPA axis have been associated with many different types of psychopathology.

True

T/F: Abstinence-only sex education programs that were federal policy until 2009 in the United States had little to no impact on reducing adolescent sexual activity.

True

T/F: According to Erikson, the ultimate goal of the identity crisis is identity achievement.

True

T/F: Adolescent romantic relationship partners, especially in early adolescence, are often selected based on social connections and status with peer groups.

True

T/F: Adolescents from low-income households are less likely to use the Internet at home than those from higher-income households.

True

T/F: Adolescents place a very high value on social warmth and friendships.

True

T/F: Adults are more likely to commit suicide than are adolescents.

True

T/F: Advertisements and curricula that rely on scare tactics can actually increase drug use by making it seem exciting.

True

T/F: Alcohol affects adolescents more than adults due to their brain immaturity.

True

T/F: Andre, an adolescent, constantly thinks about himself and how others perceive him. This egocentrism is common at his age.

True

T/F: Antisocial students (e.g., aggressive, drug-using) tend to be popular in middle school.

True

T/F: As adolescents develop their capacity for hypothetical thinking, they become more capable of deductive reasoning.

True

T/F: Because the limbic system is activated by puberty but the prefrontal cortex matures more gradually over time, adolescents might be swayed by their intuition instead of by logic.

True

T/F: Both boys and girls produce androgens and estrogens.

True

T/F: Boys may experience some breast swelling during puberty.

True

T/F: Contrary to adult fears, many adolescent romances do not include sexual intercourse.

True

T/F: Culture influences what kind of information adolescents share with their parents.

True

T/F: Deepening of the voice is among the last signs of pubertal changes in males.

True

T/F: During adolescence, the heart doubles in size, the pulse rate decreases, and blood pressure increases.

True

T/F: During the past several decades, the so-called "double standard"—that boys are expected to be sexually active while girls are not—has narrowed in every ethnic group.

True

T/F: During their growth spurt, females gain more fat than males do.

True

T/F: Early other-sex interactions occur mostly in groups.

True

T/F: Egocentrism leads adolescents to interpret everyone else's behavior as if it were a judgment on them.

True

T/F: Four aspects of family closeness are communication, support, connectedness, and control.

True

T/F: Gender identity refers primarily to a person's self-definition as a male or a female.

True

T/F: Genetic vulnerability is a contributing cause of depression during adolescence.

True

T/F: High school students can think abstractly, analytically, hypothetically, and logically as well as emotionally and intuitively.

True

T/F: In an experiment by Inhelder and Piaget that involved balancing a scale with weights, the age at which children were first able to use the trial-and-error method to achieve some understanding of balancing was approximately 10 years.

True

T/F: In most European nations alcohol is widely used by adolescents and even children.

True

T/F: In much of the Middle East, alcohol is illegal and adolescents almost never drink.

True

T/F: In the United States, STIs are over-represented among 15- to 25-year-olds even though this age group is under-represented among all the sexually active adults.

True

T/F: Internet connections may encourage descriptive behavior among adolescents.

True

T/F: Intuitive thought is cognitively easier than analytic thought.

True

T/F: It appears that the timing of menarche is related to the accumulation of a certain amount of body fat, which is why heavy girls generally menstruate earlier than other girls do.

True

T/F: It is most likely that the abuser in child abuse cases is a relative of the victim.

True

T/F: It is typical for children to begin seeing pubertal changes in their bodies between ages 8 and 14.

True

T/F: Links between adolescents and relatives are especially common among immigrant groups.

True

T/F: Madeleine invested significant amounts of time, money, and effort while a member of a specific club. She now thinks she must continue as a member in order not to waste all that she invested. Madeleine is experiencing a sunk cost fallacy.

True

T/F: Many adolescents enjoy intense sensory experiences due to the difference in maturation rate between the limbic system and the prefrontal cortex.

True

T/F: Mastery motivation among adolescents can be enhanced by encouraging a belief in the incremental approach to intelligence.

True

T/F: Menarche does not usually occur until a girl weighs 100 pounds.

True

T/F: Moratorium is an identity status that is considered to be a more mature response to identity exploration than foreclosure.

True

T/F: Most adolescents engage in some law-breaking behaviors during adolescence.

True

T/F: Most adolescents try psychoactive drugs.

True

T/F: One reason for nutritional deficiencies during adolescence is preoccupation with body image.

True

T/F: Parent-adolescent interventions can influence adolescents differently depending on their DNA.

True

T/F: Parents and teachers are often unaware of cyberbullying among adolescents.

True

T/F: Part-time employment during the adolescent years is associated with problems if the adolescent works too many hours.

True

T/F: Peers are more helpful than harmful.

True

T/F: Relationships with parents are the prototype for peer relationships.

True

T/F: Secondary education traditionally consists of grades 7 through 12.

True

T/F: Secondary school teachers typically assume that their pupils have mastered formal thinking instead of teaching them how to do it.

True

T/F: Secondary sex characteristics signify masculinity and femininity.

True

T/F: Sixteen-year-old Andrea quit school, lost her job as a waitress, and spends most of her time online in chat rooms. When her parents voiced their disapproval, she replied, "Leave me alone!" Andrea's behavior shows role confusion.

True

T/F: Some adolescents do not feel invincible; instead, they have exaggerated perceptions of risks.

True

T/F: Some psychologists and psychiatrists believe that gender-identity problems originate in society rather than in individuals.

True

T/F: Students who are capable of passing their classes as measured on IQ tests drop out of high school almost as often as those who are less capable.

True

T/F: Studies suggest that genes influence the timing of puberty.

True

T/F: The belief in an imaginary audience makes adolescents self-conscious.

True

T/F: The changes of puberty are initiated by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

True

T/F: The completed suicide rate is higher for males than for females.

True

T/F: The frontal lobes (prefrontal cortex) are the last part of the brain to develop.

True

T/F: The invincibility fable reflects adolescent egocentrism.

True

T/F: The prefrontal cortex is where planning ahead and emotional regulation occur.

True

The belief in an imaginary audience makes adolescents self-conscious. True or False

True

The changes of puberty are initiated by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. True or False

True

The hormones that regulate puberty follow the sequence known as the HPA axis. True or False

True

The prefrontal cortex is where planning ahead and emotional regulation occur. True or False

True

True or false: Children of young parents have more medical, educational, and social problems than children of older parents.

True.

When applied to the discussion of drug abuse, the term "generational forgetting" means that _____. adults turn a blind eye to youthful experimentation youth seek to get high and forget their age adolescents gather with others of their cohort to experiment with drugs the new generation ignores what adults have learned about the hazards of drugs

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of typical elder volunteers? strong commitment to the community many social contacts married to a volunteer poor health

by age 10, children tended to use trial-and-error strategies.

When Piaget and Inhelder asked children of different ages to balance a scale using several different weights, they found that:

Which of the following is the most important nongenetic factor in preventing the onset of cognitive impairment? good nutrition physical exercise mental exercise healthy diet

Which of the following statements is NOT true about emerging adulthood? It is a time between full body growth and full adult roles. This developmental stage has not always existed. Universal trends, including longer educational tracks and later first-time parenthood, have "created" this stage. All individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 are now considered to be in this stage.

When a person under age 60 develops Alzheimer's disease, the final phase of the disease typically occurs around _____ years after the first signs appear. 1 to 2 3 to 5 6 to 9 10 to 15

A new pedagogical technique in which students are required to watch videos of a lecture on their computers before class and then participate in discussions in class facilitated by the professor is called _____.

a flipped class

For girls, menarche is _____.

a girls first menstrual period

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years may indicate _____.

a healthy family

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years may indicate _____.

a healthy relationship

Teenagers have _____ rate of gonorrhea, genital herpes, and chlamydia when compared to sexually active people of other age groups.

a higher

Julia and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, Julia will have _____ than Carlos.

a higher proportion of body fat

Which statement is an example of a gender role?

a man should be the primary wage earner

When many adults who moved into a neighborhood decades earlier never leave the area, the result is _____.

a naturally occurring retirement community

What is a gender role?

a pattern of behavior that society considers appropriate for only men or only women

Parasuicide refers to _____.

a suicide attempt that does not end in death

Parasuicide refers to:

a suicide attempt that does not end in death.

An individual who commits crimes during adolescence but stops by the age of 21 is considered a(n) _____.

adolescence-limited offender

A 15-year-old girl realizes that the dress she has worn to school has a small stain on it. Her belief that everyone will notice it is an example of _____.

adolescent ego-centrism

A 15-year-old girl realizes that the dress she has worn to school has a small stain on it. Her belief that everyone will notice it is an example of _____.

adolescent egocentrism

Who are considered to be "digital natives" in the United States?

adolescents

Adolescent acne is usually caused by _____.

an increase in skin oils and sweat

Piaget's scale-balancing problem requires ____ thought.

analytic

. Fifteen-year-old Latrina has a 10 P.M. curfew. She asks her parents to extend her curfew to 11 P.M. on weekends. When her parents ask her why, Latrina replies, "I've never been late for my 10 P.M. curfew. You can trust me. Can we at least give it a try?" This is an example of what kind of thinking?

analytic thought

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa?

average weight

A method of dealing with a problem by ignoring, forgetting, or hiding it is referred to as _____ coping.

avoidant coping

Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion?

barbra, a college student who frequently changes majors

An adolescent is told that a person riding the bus is reading the New York Times. The adolescent is asked if the person is more likely to have no college degree or if the person is more likely to have a Ph.D. The adolescent responds that the person is more likely to have a Ph.D. The correct answer, however, is that the person is more likely to have no college degree. The adolescent has experienced _____.

base rate neglect

William was an early-maturing boy in the 1930s. William would have been predicated to _____.

be a school leader as an adolescent

The onset of _____ peaks around age 21, with men more likely to develop the disorder than women.

schizophrenia

A prediction that comes true because people believe it is called _____.

self-fulfilling prophecy

What article of clothing is Xavier most likely to outgrow first when he experiences the adolescent growth spurt?

shoes

Research has found that, on average, both sensation seeking and impulsivity _____ with maturation.

slowly decline

According to Dunphy, the third event in the sequence of male-female relationships is:

small mixed-sex groups.

The device most often responsible for creating digital natives among low-SES adolescents of every ethnic group is the _____.

smartphone

Research confirms that parental example and_______________________change are influential factors in an adolescent's drug use.

social

Intimacy is the desire for:

social connection

The worry that one's appearance or behavior will be misused to confirm another person's oversimplified, prejudiced attitude is referred to as

stereotype threat

An adolescence-limited offender refers to someone who:

stops committing crimes by age 21.

Healthy communication and support from parents make _____ peer relationships more likely.

constructive

Many adolescents think carefully and answer correctly when responding to paper-and-pencil questions about hypothetical risk-taking situations, yet in the real world, they engage in risky behavior. This is due in part to their _____.

desire to win peer approval

The fact that many older people begin to demonstrate an interest in painting, music, or woodworking supports the idea that older people _____.

develop an appreciation of aestheic

Adolescents who regularly smoke marijuana are more likely to:

drop out of school, become teenage parents, and be unemployed.

The best predictor of drug abuse in adulthood is:

drug use before age 18.

Longitudinal research on marijuana use suggests that:

drug use causes more problems than it solves.

The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli, is called _____.

dual-process model

Currently in developed nations, most grandparents try to be _____

easygoing and helpful

Avery, who is 14 years old, is attending her first swim team practice. She is very sensitive to the facial expressions, body language, communication styles, and other social cues given by her new teammates. Avery's sensitivity to these social cues is aided by her adolescent _____.

egocentrism

Thinking intensely about themselves and about what others think about them is called _____.

egocentrism

_____ refers to the belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom and success to care for one another.

familism

The more successful therapy for eating disorders during adolescence appears to be _____.

family-based therapy

. _____ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they've grown up.

few

Many high school graduates enroll in a post-secondary school (e.g., college). _____ individuals graduate from a post-secondary school.

few

_____ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they've grown up.

few

_____ adolescents totally reject the religions in which they've grown up.

few

According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is to:

find one's own identity

According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is to _____.

find ones own identity

How many levels are in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

five

The expert artist, musician, or scientist is creative and curious, deliberately experimenting and enjoying the challenge when things do not go according to plan. This suggests that their thinking is more _____.

flexible

The nations with the best PISA results do NOT _____.

focus on memorization of math formulas

Eric readily adopted his parents' political beliefs without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in political events with his parents. His identity status reflects _____.

foreclosure

Erikson's term for premature identity formation is:

foreclosure

Harold readily adopted his parent's political beliefs without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in political events with his parents. His identity status reflects _____.

foreclosure

Harold readily adopted his parent's religious faith without question. Happy and secure, he enjoys participating in religious events with his parents. His identity status reflects:

foreclosure

Of the various identity statuses, _____ is comfortable.

foreclosure

When a person adopts parents' or society's roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as "identity _____."

foreclosure

When a person adopts parents' or society's roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as identity _____.

foreclosure

When a person adopts parents' or society's roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity, it is referred to as identity:

foreclosure.

Juanita just solved this math problem: (35xy2)(6zy3). Her ability to do so places her in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

formal operation

Juanita just solved this math problem: (35xy2)(6zy3). Her ability to do so places her in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

formal operational

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence _____.

formal operational thinking

Jean Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence "______."

formal operational thought

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence _____.

formal operational thought

Most U.S. high schools emphasize learning based on _____, which is developmentally appropriate.

formal thinking

Peak fertility occurs _____ years after activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm.

four to six

People's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as their "_____ identity."

gender

People's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as their _____ identity.

gender

Hector is 15 years old and does not identify with his biological sex. He feels he is in the wrong body, but does not have the support he needs to transition into another gender easily. According to the DSM-5, Hector may suffer from:

gender dysphoria.

Enrique believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates. He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl, it makes him a wimp. This is an example of Enrique's _____.

gender identity

_______________________forgetting is the idea that each new generation disregards what the previous generation learned.

generational

Two causes of depression in adolescence are:

genetics and having a mother who is often belligerent and disapproving.

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____.

hypothalamus

The correct sequence of puberty hormone production that starts in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is the _____.

hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal axis

"If-then" propositions require _____.

hypothetical thinking

One concern about e-cigs is that, similar to hookah bars, they _____.

increase the rate of smoking among young people

Most longitudinal studies on adolescent destructiveness conclude that:

increased anger at puberty is normal and is usually expressed in acceptable ways.

During adolescence, impulsivity declines and analytic thinking _____.

increases

Cohabitation is _____ and marriage rates are _____ with adults.

increasing;decreasing

An approach to understanding intelligence that holds that intelligence can be directly increased by effort is referred to as the "_____ theory of intelligence."

incremental

Bottom-up reasoning is also referred to as "______ reasoning."

inductive

Bottom-up reasoning is also referred to as _____ reasoning.

inductive

Bottom-up reasoning is also referred to as _____ reasoning.

inductive reasoning

Three different girls tell Brian that Titanic is their all-time favorite movie. He concludes that all girls love that movie. Brian has just used _____.

inductive reasoning

Using _____ thinking, a person might think, "If it barks like a dog and wags its tail like a dog, it must be a dog."

inductive reasoning

Which term refers to the ability to begin with specifics, such as accumulated facts, and then make general conclusions?

inductive reasoning

Primary aging refers to age-related changes that _____.

inevitably take place as time goes by

The only drug(s) used by more eighth-graders than twelfth-graders is:

inhalants.

In adolescent brain development, myelination and maturation occur in sequence, proceeding from the

inner brain to the cortex and from back to front

Rose has made some mistakes throughout her life, but overall she looks back on her life with pride. Rose is in Erikson's stage of _____.

integrity versus despair

Rose has made some mistakes throughout her life, but overall she looks back on her life with pride. Rose is in Erikson's stage of _____.

integrity vs despair

Klaczynski's research found that logical thinking improved with age and education, but not with _____.

intelligence (IQ)

Which phenomenon has contributed to the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections?

international travel

According to Erikson, once an emerging adult has established a sense of identity, he or she needs to resolve which crisis?

intimacy versus isolation

A thought that arises through a "feeling" that the thought is right is referred to as a(n) "______ thought."

intuitive

A thought that arises through a "feeling" that the thought is right is referred to as a(n) _____ thought.

intuitive

Adolescents tend to rely more on ______ thinking than adults do.

intuitive

Research indicates that a majority of adolescent girls in the United States are trying to _____.

lose weight

Spencer is the only one in his class who does not have high-speed Internet at home. Spencer most likely comes from a(n) _____ family.

low-income

Today, vocational identity is postponed because:

many vocations require specialized skills that take years to attain.

The two most common drugs used by adolescents are _____.

marijuana and alcohol

Family conflict and stress _____.

may contribute to an early onset of puberty

Life-course-persistent offenders:

may show signs of neurological impairment.

Because of a marked drop in the production of sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream, ovulation and menstruation stop. This signals _____.

menopause

Within the workplace, there are small things that go unnoticed by one person that seem aggressive to another. These have been referred to as

micro-aggression

Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school may show early signs of high school dropout by _____.

middle school

Taylor spends one hour getting ready for school. She insists on only wearing brand-name clothes. Taylor also wears specific sunglasses to demonstrate that she is a member of the popular crowd, and she participates in verbal bullying of students in the loner crowd. Taylor is most likely to be at what level of the education system?

middle school

Parental_______________________refers to parents being aware of where their children are and what they are doing.

monitoring

Barrett is serving a 2-year mission for his church at the age of 19. When he returns home from his mission assignment, he will decide whether or not to attend college and will make decisions about career and family. Barrett's current status is identity _____.

moratorium

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as _____.

moratorium

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as:

moratorium.

Tia has a BMI of 40. She would be classified as _____.

morbidly obese

Serious depression among adolescents is:

more common in females than in males.

One reason that the teenage pregnancy rate in most European nations is less than half of that in the United States may be because:

most European schools begin offering sex education in elementary school.

Klaczynski's studies of younger and older adolescents' analytical thinking indicated that _____.

most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities allow

Paul Klaczynski's studies of younger and older adolescents' analytical thinking indicated that _____.

most adolescents do not think as analytically as there capabilities show

In typical relationships, one would expect the MOST bickering between _____.

mothers and daughters

Without any thoughtful consideration, Sean took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him. Sean has adopted a(n) _____.

negative identity

Without any thoughtful consideration, Sean took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him. Sean has adopted a(n):

negative identity.

According to the DSM-5, the appropriate term for brain diseases that affect a person's ability to remember, analyze, plan, or interact with others is _____.

neurocognitive disorder

Which of the following brain changes in later life surprised scientists when it was discovered?

neurons are created

Which of the following happens to the brain during senescence?

neurotransmitter production decreases

Identity diffusion is typically characterized by _____.

no focus on or concern about the future

The abstinence-only sex-education program that was widely promoted in the United States in 1998 resulted in _____ sexual activity by teenagers.

no significant impact on

The Hayflick limit is a natural limit to the _____.

number of times cells can divide

In the United States, only 4 percent of older people live _____.

nursing homes

Parent and adolescent conflicts:

occur when a child's drive for independence clashes with the parents' supervision and control.

Which is generally the most fluid during emerging adulthood?

one's vocational identity

Eventually, about _____ of older adults will be frail before they die.

one-third

What proportion of all first marriages end in divorce?

one-third

Arrest statistics do not accurately reflect the prevalence of adolescent delinquency because:

only about one-fourth of adolescent offenders are caught.

Alisha took an overdose of prescription pills, but before she lost consciousness, she called her mom for help. Alisha was rushed to the hospital for medical attention. Alisha's behavior is defined as "_____."

parasuicide

Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of _____.

parental monitoring

A father's awareness of where his teenagers are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as:

parental monitoring.

Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of:

parental monitoring.

Mr. Sanchez gives the car keys to his son and asks, "Who is going to the movies with you, and what time will you be home?" This questioning is an example of:

parental monitoring.

Parents' ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom is called:

parental monitoring.

Which of the following is the most important nongenetic factor in preventing the onset of cognitive impairment?

physical exercise

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?

pituitary

Jules reacted more strongly to going to college, living on her own, and making new friends. Her personality seemed to change as a result of these experiences. Jules' personality change might be explained by _______?

plasticity

According to research, which of the following strategies could be implemented in order to encourage adolescents to make better food choices?

provide healthier selections in school vending machines

On average, well-being increases in emerging adulthood, as does the incidence of:

psychological disorders.

According to Erikson, the crisis in adolescence is identity versus_______________________.

role confusion

Seventeen-year-old Andrew failed several classes, lost his job, and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch. When his parents voice their disapproval, he replies, "Whatever." Andrew's response indicates _____.

role confusion

_______________________is characterized by a lack of commitment to any goals or values.

role confusion

role confusion.

Elyse broke up with her boyfriend after a fight. She has spent the last week repeatedly going over the fight in her mind, which has caused her to sink into depression. Her continual reliving of the fight is known as "_____."

rumination

_______________________, or mentally replaying past experiences, contributes to depression, especially in girls.

rumination

rumination.

Two aspects of family closeness during adolescence include _____.

support and connectedness

During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically _____.

take on a temporary role and postpone identity achievement decisions

During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically:

take on a temporary role and postpone making career decisions.

During an identity moratorium, adolescents typically _____.

take on temporary roles and postpone identity-achievement decisions

Experts tend to be intuitive, automatic, _____, and _____ in their thinking.

strategic; flexible

Age, gender, ethnicity, and income are the four major forms of _____; as such, they can limit choice at every stage of life.

stratification

Friends _____ mental health and _____ physical health.

strengthen, strengthen

Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty.

stress

A strategy to increase student motivation in middle schools is to encourage a belief in _____.

students' ability to master whatever they seek to learn

Lydia finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called "_____."

suicidal ideation

Thinking about suicide is called _________, and a failed suicide is called __________.

suicidal ideation; parasuicide

suicide ideation

Gloria finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called _____.

suicide ideation

Lydia finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called _____.

suicide ideation

Richie just spent $1,000 fixing his car even though the mechanic told him the car will continue to need expensive repairs that may total more than the vehicle is worth. Richie is likely experiencing the _____.

sunk cost fallacy

The mistaken belief that if money, time, or effort that cannot be recovered has already been invested in some endeavor, more should be invested in an effort to reach the goal is called _____.

sunk cost fallacy

About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes.

two-thirds

The changes of primary aging are _____.

universal

Schaie's cross-sequential research on intellectual development studied _____.

verbal meaning, spatial orientation, inductive reasoning, number ability, and word fluency

Early _____ identity is no longer appropriate, as it was a century ago.

vocational

Identity politics refers to the tendency to:

vote for people of one's own race, religion, ethnicity, or gender.

Which task would be easier for a 21-year-old than a 51-year-old?

walk up 4 flights of stairs

it's a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females

what is the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct?

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question _____.

who am I

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question _____.

who am i?

An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is _____.

working in the family business because it is expected

An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is:

working in the family business because it is expected.

Unhappiness with one's physical appearance is a _____ phenomenon.

worldwide

Today, vocational identity often takes _____ to establish, and most work demands very specific skills that are best learned on the job.

years

Today, vocational identity often takes _____ to establish, and most work demands very specific skills that cannot be learned except on the job.

years

Adolescents are capable of analytic thought, yet they do not consistently use it. All of the following are possible reasons for the inconsistent use of analytic thought by adolescents EXCEPT _____.

their active resistance to logical thinking

During puberty, adolescents' thoughts center on _____.

themselves

Which of the following is TRUE about the best pedagogical style for adolescents?

there is no best structure or pedagogy for every student

Adolescents are said to have closeness with family when:

there is open communication, support, emotional connectedness, and parental control.

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a(n) _____.

understanding of oneself

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a(n):

understanding of oneself.

George developed Alzheimer's disease well before the age of 60; early Alzheimer's disease is associated with a condition that George was born with called _____.

trisomy-21

During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness _____ for most people.

increase

T/F: In the twenty-first century most adolescents affiliate strongly with one political party over another.

False

About _____ percent of the adults under 65 that are providing care for those over 65 are caring for their parents. 16 20 25 42

As of 2010, ____ percent of teenagers say that someone has tried to get them to talk about sex online.

What are the odds that a person will inherit the dominant gene for Alzheimer disease?

1 in 1000

Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the United States

1 to 3

Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the United States.

1 to 3

B) the beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche.

1. For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: A) menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development. B) the beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche. C) the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development. D) the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche.

A strategy to increase student motivation in middle schools is to encourage a belief in _____. A. students' ability to master whatever they seek to learn B. doing homework C. the entity approach to learning D. studying for tests

T/F: Late-maturing girls tend to have a worse body image than their early-maturing peers do.

False

Peak fertility occurs ____ to ____ years after activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm.

4;6

Approximately 1 in _____ adolescent Girls is affected by clinical depression.

B) iron and calcium

10. Which pair of nutrients is likely to be deficient in the adolescent diet? A) magnesium and B vitamins B) iron and calcium C) sodium and potassium D) vitamins A and C

A) 16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating

11. Which of the following persons is likely to have the greatest health problems because of iron deficiency? A) 16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating B) 12-year-old Monica, who has not yet experienced menarche C) 15-year-old Nathan, who exercises very little D) 25-year-old Louisa, who has three children

D) a steak to increase her iron.

12. Sharon is concerned about deficiencies in her daughter Alana's diet. If Alana is a typical teen, Sharon should prepare: A) potatoes to increase her starch. B) carrots to increase her calcium. C) orange juice to increase her vitamin C. D) a steak to increase her iron.

C) social context

13. Which of the following has the largest impact on whether adolescent sexual discovery and exploration is healthy and enjoyable or shameful and frightening? A) sex hormones B) brain function C) social context D) the adolescent's gender

The military has increased in diversity, including _____ percent female and _____ percent minorities on active duty in 2011.

14 or 15 % and 17 or 19%

D) Since the late twentieth century, we've been able to finally explain irrational adolescent behavior in terms of brain structure and function.

14. Which of the following statements regarding the use of medical scans to explain adolescent behavior is true? A) The medical technology currently available to us does not provide any explanation for adolescent behavior. B) Although we have the ability to see physical changes in the brain, we do not yet know to what extent these changes explain behavior. C) FMRI and PET scans are able to see only myelinated neurons in the brain and are therefore insufficient to explain adolescent behavior. D) Since the late twentieth century, we've been able to finally explain irrational adolescent behavior in terms of brain structure and function.

Marcella just gave birth to a baby who is preterm and low-birthweight. In addition, Marcella experienced high blood pressure throughout her pregnancy. Marcella is most likely _____ years old.

Suicidal ideation is most common around age _____.

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.

5 to 10 years younger than

D) rapid changes in myelination in his brain and guidance of an experienced coach

15. José enjoys sports, especially running. As an adolescent, he has the potential to become a star athlete. Which of the following influences will be most beneficial to him in reaching his full potential? A) development of his prefrontal cortex and support of his peers B) encouragement of his family and myelination of his sensory cortex C) development of his limbic system and influence of pubertal hormones D) rapid changes in myelination in his brain and guidance of an experienced coach

The military has increased in diversity, including _____ percent female and _____ percent minorities on active duty in 2011.

15;37

In a study of adolescent agreement and disagreement with policies to remedy racial discrimination, most adolescents believed that racism was the cause of disparities between African and European Americans, but adolescents' ages influenced their ideas about solutions to the inequality. Those who were most likely to support systemic solutions (e.g., affirmative action and desegregation) were between the ages of _____.

16 and 17

A) passion and commitment with which adolescents and young adults embrace nontraditional ideas.

16. The still-developing prefrontal cortex and the full development of the limbic system are at least partially responsible for the: A) passion and commitment with which adolescents and young adults embrace nontraditional ideas. B) apathy and boredom with life found in many of today's adolescents. C) narcissism of adolescence. D) steadfast discipline found in young athletes.

A study of almost 2,000 older children and adolescents in the United States revealed that participants played an average of _____ hours of video games each day.

A) growth of the testes; initial pubic-hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche.

2. For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is: A) growth of the testes; initial pubic-hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche. B) growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic-hair growth; spermarche. C) spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic-hair growth. D) initial pubic-hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis.

About _____ percent of the adults under 65 that are providing care for those over 65 are caring for their friends

25%

In a national sample of 10- to 17-year-olds, almost _____ percent say that a photo of themselves with few or no clothes has been sent electronically (Mitchel et al., 2012).

3 percent

B) hypothalamus.

3. The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the: A) cerebellum. B) hypothalamus. C) hippocampus. D) ovaries or testes.

A) adrenals.

4. The gland(s) located just above the kidneys, which secrete(s) norepinephrine in a stress response, is (are) the: A) adrenals. B) pituitary. C) hypothalamus. D) gonads.

C) The changes of puberty are initiated by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus.

5. Which of the following statements is true? A) Only girls produce estradiol. B) Only boys produce testosterone. C) The changes of puberty are initiated by a part of the brain called the hypothalamus. D) During puberty, boys' testosterone level increases up to five times the level during childhood.

Approximately what percentage of 18 to 25 year olds in the United States and Canada are of African, Latino, Asian, or Native American descent?

Middle school typically includes grades _____.

6 to 8

A) testosterone.

6. For males, the hormone that produces most sexual changes is: A) testosterone. B) progesterone. C) estrogen. D) adrenaline.

C) The relationship is reciprocal—that means that sometimes hormones trigger emotions, but emotions can trigger the release of hormones as well.

7. Which of the following statements best summarizes the relationship between hormones and emotions? A) The normal progression of the HPA axis is the primary controller of emotions in adolescents, but the axis becomes inactive in adults. B) While the HPG axis is hyperactive in early adolescence, it comes under mental control as the adolescent matures. C) The relationship is reciprocal—that means that sometimes hormones trigger emotions, but emotions can trigger the release of hormones as well. D) Emotions are mostly a result of social and cultural learning. These learned emotions, in turn, trigger the release of hormones.

About _____ percent of the lung cancer deaths worldwide, and _____ percent in industrialized nations, are caused by cigarettes.

70/90

A) may cause the early onset of puberty.

8. Family conflict and stress: A) may cause the early onset of puberty. B) may cause the late onset of puberty. C) typically increase after puberty. D) typically decrease after puberty.

Recent studies report that ____ percent of teenagers say that social network sites hurt their body confidence.

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.

8; 14

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.

8;14

The average new stepchild in a family is _____ years old.

C) healthy food was selected if it was cheaper than unhealthy food.

9. In a recent experiment conducted on 10- to 14-year-olds and their food choices: A) junk food was overwhelmingly selected over healthy food. B) junk food was mostly selected along with one small healthy food item. C) healthy food was selected if it was cheaper than unhealthy food. D) healthy food was consistently selected regardless of peer influence or price.

Of U.S. residents born before 1940, what percentage married?

A determining factor in whether an adolescent experiences early and late pubertal maturation is when their _____ through puberty. A. friends go B. siblings go C. grandparents went D. parents went

A father says to his son, "I want you home by 10:00 pm." This best represents which aspect of family closeness? A. control B. support C. communication D. connectedness

A female just gave birth to a baby who is preterm and low-birthweight. In addition, the female experienced high blood pressure throughout her pregnancy. This female is most likely _____ years old. A. 14 B. 21 C. 28 D. 31

A longitudinal study (Harden & Tucker-Drob, 2011) that traced the development of sensation-seeking, which can lead to intuitive thinking, from early adolescence to the mid-20s found that increases in sensation-seeking were notable from ages _____. A. 12 to 14 B. 15 to 17 C. 18 to 20 D. 21 to 23

One type of high school class that is assessed by externally scored exams that may satisfy college requirements is _____. A. IB (International Baccalaureate) B. PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) C. TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) D. PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study)

Parasuicide refers to _____. A. a suicide attempt that does not end in death B. helping someone else to commit suicide C. several people in a group committing suicide D. the serious consideration of suicide

Parents' awareness of where their adolescents are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as ___________. A. parental monitoring B. generational stake C. overcontrolling D. connectedness

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence _____. A. formal operational thought B. invincibility thinking C. metacognition D. concrete operational thinking

Sandra is in her bedroom with her mother. Sandra's mother exclaims, "You need to get these clothes off the floor right now!" Sandra replies, "It's my room and I will leave things where I want." Sandra's mother responds, "I am your mother and you will do what I say." This is an example of _____. A. bickering B. open communication C. parental monitoring D. family bonds

Spencer is the only one in his class who does not have high-speed Internet at home. Spencer most likely comes from a _____. A. low-income family B. middle-income family C. upper-income family D. highly educated family

Statistically, which person is MOST likely to have the greatest health problems due to iron deficiency? A. 16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating B. 12-year-old Monica, who has not yet experienced menarche C. 15-year-old Nathan, who exercises very little D. 25-year-old Ben, who has three children

The average age of the onset of puberty has changed over time. Which of the following individuals is most likely to have started puberty at the latest age. A. Louis, born in 1910 B. Allen, born in 1950 C. Rita, born in 1975 D. Ted, born in 1990

The nations with the best PISA results do NOT _____. A. focus on memorization of math formulas B. have a culture that strongly values education C. show respect for the teaching profession D. place the best teachers with the students who need them most

The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called ________. A. puberty B. youth C. the growth spurt D. secondary sex development

Today, the most notable digital divide is based on _____. A. age B. gender C. socioeconomic status (SES) D. religion

Which statement is FALSE? A. secondary education refers to schooling completed after high school graduation, such as college or vocational training. B. No matter where they live, individuals who complete secondary education are healthier. C. Every nation is increasing the number of students in secondary education. D. As the age of puberty has decreased, some schools of secondary education now start with grade 5.

Which statement is an example of a gender role? A. A man should be the primary wage earner. B. A baby is born with reproductive organs for both sexes. C. A biological male decides to undergo an operation to become a woman. D. A woman decides to try dating men and women.

Without any thoughtful consideration, Sean took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him. Sean has adopted a(n) _____. A. negative identity B. positive identity C. non-identity D. over identity

_____ adolescents totally reject the religion in which they've grown up. A. Few B. About half of C. About three-fourths of all D. Almost all

A challenge faced by researchers who want to know if wisdom increases with age is that _____. most of the older people they want to study die there are no established ways to study change over time the definition of wisdom varies by culture it is difficult to find participants for a study that requires self-reflection

A couple has been trying to conceive a child for 12 months. They decide to consult a doctor about their inability to conceive. After several tests, the doctor suggests that perhaps they will need to use _____ because of a low sperm count. natural methods arranged reproductive technology assisted reproductive technology alternative medical technology

parental monitoring.

A father's awareness of where his teenagers are, what they are doing, and with whom they are doing it is referred to as:

A marked decrease in brain processing and memory in some older adults may be attributed to _____. the use of both hemispheres of the brain inadequate control processes increased production of neurotransmitters more neural fluid that slows cerebral blood flow

A prediction that comes true because people believe it is called _____. ageism a self-fulfilling prophecy elderspeak a universal design

A school schedule that begins at _____ and ends at _____ would be the best fit for adolescent sleep patterns. 8:00 A.M.; 3:10 P.M. 6:00 A.M.; 1:10 P.M. 7:00 A.M.; 2:10 P.M. 9:00 A.M.; 4:10 P.M.

A strategy to increase student motivation in middle schools is to encourage a belief in _____. students' ability to master whatever they seek to learn doing homework the entity approach to learning studying for tests

A study of women in the United States age 40 and older found that _____. sexual activity and satisfaction increased each decade sexual activity and satisfaction decreased each decade sexual activity increased each decade but satisfaction did not sexual activity decreased each decade but satisfaction did not

reflect about serious issues.

A teenager who can use hypothetical thinking will tend to:

adolescence-limited offender.

An individual who commits crimes during adolescence but stops by the age of 21 is considered a(n):

Abraham was an early-maturing boy in the 1930s. Abraham would have been predicted to _____. be aggressive as an adolescent be a school leader as an adolescent use alcohol as an adolescent have an older romantic relationship partner

About _____ percent of the adults under 65 that are providing care for those over 65 are caring for their grandparents. 16 19 24 42

ADLs are _____. aged developmental limitations activities of daily life Alzheimer's disease lessons associations for disabled living

parental monitoring.

Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of:

two-thirds

About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes.

identity versus role confusion.

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of:

find one's own identity.

According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is to:

achievement.

According to Erikson, the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity:

political

According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity?

According to Sternberg, intelligence used in everyday problem solving is considered to be _____. creative intelligence practical intelligence analytic intelligence crystallized intelligence

an increase in skin oils and sweat

Adolescent acne is usually caused by _____.

Which of the following statements is NOT true about emerging adulthood?

All individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 are now considered to be in this stage.

All of the following contribute to the development of expertise EXCEPT _____. gender experience accumulated knowledge practice

Almost all social networking engaged in by adolescents is between adolescents _____. who do not know each other beyond social media who are friends who are in a bully-victim relationship who do not have many friends

Although Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential, the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion _____. can linger long past the teenage years ends with the stage of intimacy versus isolation ends with the stage of generativity versus stagnation comes to fruition only after the stage of integrity versus despair

hormones

Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called "_____."

At a recent doctor's visit, Russell's doctor informed him that he is at an age when he is likely to experience lower testosterone levels. Russell was informed that, due to lower testosterone levels, he could experience a reduction in all of the following EXCEPT _____. sexual desire muscle mass erections hair loss

gonads

At adolescence, the pituitary activates the _____, which are the ovaries in females and testicles in males.

Avery, who is 14 years old, is attending her first swim team practice. She is very sensitive to the facial expressions, body language, communication styles, and other social cues of her new teammates. Avery's sensitivity to these social cues is aided by her adolescent _____. hypothetical thinking deductive thinking inductive thinking egocentrism

According to Erikson, the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity __________. A. diffusion B. achievement C. foreclosure D. moratorium

According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity? A. physical B. political C. familial D. economic

According to research, which of the following strategies could be implemented in order to encourage adolescents to make better food choices? A. increase prices of healthy foods B. provide healthier selections in school vending machines C. increase parental monitoring of food choices D. put unhealthy foods in closer proximity to where students hang out

T/F: Several suicides that occur within a group over a brief span of time are called crowd suicides.

False

Jeremy is 7 years old and has been asked to balance a scale with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably _____. A. solve the problem through a trial-and-error strategy B. put weights on both sides without considering distance from the center of the scale C. understand the inverse relationship between distance and weight D. put all the weights on one side of the scale

Justine is 14 years old. Her parents are frequently annoyed because Justine tends to ask critical questions such as, "Why can't I have wine with dinner? You do," or "I don't understand why I'll be able to vote when I'm 18, but I have to wait until I'm 21 to buy alcohol!" This demonstrates Justine's _____. A. inductive reasoning B. perceptual thinking C. hypothetical thinking D. deductive reasoning

Kristy and her friends come up with several options of things to do on Friday night, and ultimately decide to go to a new movie because it received positive reviews. In making this decision Kristy and her friends are using what type of thought? A. deductive reasoning B. intuitive thought C. concrete reasoning D. analytic thought

Lea, age 16, is travelling with her family to Spain. In preparation for the trip, Lea and her parents take Spanish language classes. Lea learns the language more quickly than her parents, most likely because of her _____. A. greater interest in the culture B. still-developing brain C. stronger levels of self-control D. greater cognitive rigidity

Many adolescents think carefully and answer correctly when responding to paper-and-pencil questions about hypothetical risk-taking situations, yet in the real world they engage in risky behavior. This is due in part to their _____. A. genes B. peers C. formal operational thinking D. intuitive thinking

Many developmentalists find middle schools to be "developmentally regressive," which means _____. A. teachers do not allow students to be independent B. learning goes backward C. the curriculum is not high-quality D. students do not desire autonomy

One of the most prominent aspects of formal operational thought is the ability to _____. A. reject adult thought and values B. think in terms of possibilities C. take another person's point of view D. use practical problem-solving skills

Parental monitoring is most likely to be effective and healthy when it is _____. A. rigid and controlling B. part of a warm, supportive relationship C. relaxed and permissive D. part of authoritarian parenting

Peak fertility occurs _____ years after activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm. A. 2-4 B. 4-6 C. 6-8 D. 8-1

Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. Statistically, one would expect their academic achievement to _____. A. improve B. decline C. remain the same as in elementary school D. exhibit an erratic pattern of rising and falling

Research indicates that a majority of adolescent girls in the United States are trying to _____. A. gain weight B. lose weight C. lift weights D. not focus on their appearance

Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _________ while very young also experienced early puberty. A. attention B. stress C. exercise D. starvation

Restrictive and controlling parenting practices are associated with _____. A. a well-behaved adolescent B. adolescent depression C. adolescent achievement D. closeness with parents

Several of Jamel's friends agree to gather Thursday evening and study for their physics exam, and they invite him to come along. Jamel's friends are _____. A. selecting destructive behaviors B. facilitating constructive behaviors C. providing deviancy training D. being monitored by parents

Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or Web postings is called _____. A. spamming B. cyberbullying C. electronic harassment D. hacking

Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. Just a few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision making? A. His limbic system is underdeveloped. B. His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped. C. His amygdala is underdeveloped. D. The regions regulating his emotions are underdeveloped.

Young people who are sexually exploited/abused _________. A. usually forget about the abuse B. tend to devalue themselves throughout life C. do not usually know their abuser D. are not likely to be aggressive

_____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females. A. Progesterones B. Androgens C. Estrogens D. Adrenalines

T/F: Learning something new is difficult for adolescents because of the continued synaptic pruning occurring within their brains.

False

Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience ___________. A. welcome attention from boys her age B. pride that she is ahead of her friends C. teasing from boys her age D. a better body image than her peers

T/F: Middle schools are designed to foster strong teacher-student relationships.

False

Following Erikson's lead, _____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with the identity crisis. A. Baumrind B. Freud C. Marcia D. Skinner

T/F: Most American high-school students eat the recommended amount of vegetables daily.

False

T/F: Most teens are satisfied with their physical appearance.

False

Evolutionary theory suggests that the relationship between childhood stress and onset of puberty exists to ____________. A. delay childbearing in strife-filled environments B. encourage stressed youth to take more risks C. ensure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments D. ease the transition to adulthood for individuals who need to grow up fast

moratorium.

Because of a marked drop in the production of sex hormones in a woman's bloodstream, ovulation and menstruation stop. This signals _____. menopause andropause cancer a need for assisted reproductive technology

sunk cost fallacy.

Brent is determined to get a place on his middle school's basketball team. He practices at least 2 hours each day. He rarely makes a basket and becomes quickly winded because of his severe asthma. His determination is fueled by his:

A young boy experienced ongoing sexual abuse until he was 15. Now that he is a grown man, it is likely that he ___________. A. has forgotten the experiences over time B. suffers from biological harm resulting from the abuse C. is depressed and has difficulty with sex or other psychosocial problems D. has outgrown the biological and psychological effects of the abuse

Abbie is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out, and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans. This is an example of _____. A. generational stake B. foreclosure for her son C. parental monitoring D. negative control

Adolescent egocentrism begins __________, and may increase again at the start of __________. A. in preschool; puberty B. in middle childhood; college C. at puberty; college D. at puberty; adulthood

As the United States moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing, _____. A. other nations are following suit B. other nations are moving away from it C. some nations are following suit and others are moving away from it D. other nations are following suit only if they have high-performing students

Changes in primary sex characteristics include _____. A. growth of pubic hair and underarm hair B. rapid increase in height C. growth of the uterus or the testes D. deeper voices

Drug use before the age of 18 ___________. A. is rare because it is illegal B. is statistically lower than drug use at age 15 C. is the best predictor or later drug abuse D. usually only involves experimentation with alcohol

T/F: Only about one-fourth of adolescent lawbreakers are never caught.

False

Klaczynski's studies of younger and older adolescents' analytical thinking indicated that _____. A. younger adolescents were rarely logical, whereas older adolescents were nearly always logical B. individuals who were analytical on some problems were analytical on all problems C. most adolescents do not think as analytically as their capabilities allow D. younger adolescents tended to dismiss research that was contrary to their own beliefs

Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marsha is demonstrating _____. A. a volatile mismatch B. an implicit judgment C. the imaginary audience D. the invincibility fable

Middle school typically includes grades _____. A. 4 to 6 B. 5 to 7 C. 6 to 8 D. 7 to 9

Nancy, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice _____. A. initial pubic hair growth B. breast development C. her hips growing wider D. an increase in her shoe size

Nicholi's parents are restrictive and controlling. Compared with his peers whose parents engage in less psychological control, Nicholi is more likely to be _____. A. academically successful B. closer with his parents C. depressed D. happy

Research has shown that adolescents who drop out of high school may show early signs of high school dropout by _____. A. preschool B. elementary school C. middle school D. high school

Statistically, which adolescent is MOST apt to experience menarche first? A. Michelle, who is European American B. Cecilia, who is Hispanic American C. Rebecca, who is African American D. Maria, who is Chinese American

Suicidal ideation is most common around age _____. A. 9 B. 12 C. 15 D. 18

The power of the invincibility fable may be observed in _____. A. a 17-year-old boy who drives cautiously B. an 18-year-old girl who insists that her boyfriend use a condom C. young military recruits who hope to be sent into combat D. an adolescent who sings, thinking that the neighbors must be listening

Today, vocational identity often takes _____ to establish, and most work demands very specific skills that cannot be learned except on the job. A. days B. months C. years D. decades

Ty started to behave aggressively at age 5, and by age 8 was caught shoplifting several times. Ty is now age 25 and has committed armed robbery. Ty would be considered to be a(n) _____. A. hostile offender B. dual offender C. life-course-persistent offender D. adolescence-limited offender

What group is likely to experience logic failures in thinking? A. adolescents only B. adults only C. adolescents and adults D. neither adolescents or adults

What is an example of the sunk cost fallacy? A. walking out of a movie theater when the movie is only half over because the movie is poor quality B. stopping painting a bedroom because the color is too bright C. reading a book to the end even though the reader was bored by chapter 3 D. sleeping in on the weekend to catch up on sleep

What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone? A. human growth hormones B. follicle-stimulating hormones C. gonadotropin-releasing hormone D. cortisol

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus? A. adrenals B. testes C. pituitary D. gonads

Which statement is TRUE? A. Hypothetical thought is tied to the everyday world as the individual knows it. B. Hypothetical thought is emotionally based. C. Hypothetical thought involves imagined possibilities. D. Hypothetical thought is an aspect of concrete operational thinking.

"If-then" propositions require _____. A. concrete thought B. operational thought C. postformal thought D. hypothetical thought

Jose enjoys sports, especially running. As an adolescent, he has the potential to become a star athlete. Which pair of influences will be MOST beneficial to him in reaching his full potential? A. the development of his prefrontal cortex and the support of his peers B. the encouragement of his family and the myelination of his sensory cortex C. the development of his limbic system and the influence of male hormones D. changes in myelination in his brain and the guidance of an experienced coach

Why does research suggest caution with regard to cohabitation?

Cohabitators who marry have a high rate of divorce.

Compared to when they were children, many adolescents are _____. happier more carefree less self-confident more focused

recognize alternative possibilities.

Compared with that of preadolescents, adolescents' thinking about science is more likely to:

Control processes depend on which part of the brain? amygdala cerebellum prefrontal cortex hypothalamus

A recent study of teens in New York City found the teens MOST at risk for sexual violence and STIs had _____. A. exclusively same-sex partners B. exclusively opposite-sex partners C. gender-identity disorder D. both same-sex and opposite-sex partners

A school schedule that begins at _____ and ends at _____ would be the best fit for adolescent sleep patterns. A. 8:00 a.m.; 3:10 p.m. B. 6:00 a.m.; 1:10 p.m. C. 7:00 a.m.; 2:10 p.m. D. 9:00 a.m.; 4:10 p.m

A study of adult women in the United States found that those who voluntarily had sex before the age of 16 were _____. A. likely to have a successful marriage as an adult B. likely to use birth control C. not likely to use birth control D. likely to get a divorce as an adult

According to the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), the countries with the highest math test scores are _____. A. Greece, Iceland, and China B. Japan, the United States, and Finland C. Austria, Italy, and South Korea D. China, Singapore, and South Korea

Albert et al. (2013) ran a series of experiments in which adults and adolescents, alone or with peers, played a video game. In the game, taking risks could lead to crashes or gaining points. The experiments found that _____, unlike the _____, were much more likely to take risks and crash when they were _____. A. adults; adolescents; alone B. adolescents; adults; alone C. adults; adolescents; with peers D. adolescents; adults; with peers

An example of a behavior that demonstrates identity foreclosure is _____. A. dropping out of high school B. choosing a different career path than what parents wanted C. being eager to vote D. working in the family business because it is expected

An individual who commits crimes during adolescence but stops by the age of 21 is considered a(n) _____. A. repeat offender B. career criminal C. life-course-persistent offender D. adolescence-limited offender

Benjamin has heard repeatedly from his parents about the potential dangers of smoking and he agrees with his parents about the potential dangers. At a party Benjamin is offered a cigarette but declines it even though the person who offered the cigarette is one of the most popular students at school. In this situation, what type of thinking is most likely dominating Benjamin's decision to decline the cigarette? A. inductive reasoning B. intuitive thought C. concrete reasoning D. analytic thought

During puberty, adolescents' thoughts center on _____. A. friends B. society C. family D. themselves

Eva is about to become an adolescent mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents _____. A. assume care for Eva and her child B. adopt Eva's child and raise the child as their own C. encourage Eva to move out of the house to raise her baby alone D. are supportive, but do not assume complete care for her child

Fifteen-year-old Latrina has a 10 P.M. curfew. She asks her parents to extend her curfew to 11 P.M. on weekends. When her parents ask her why, Latrina replies, "I've never been late for my 10 P.M. curfew. You can trust me. Can we at least give it a try?" This is an example of what kind of thinking? A. concrete operational B. intuitive thought C. emotional thought D. analytical thought

In Inhelder and Piaget's balance experiment, a child who systematically tests the idea that the relationship between weight and distance is reciprocal is probably age _____. A. 4 B. 7 C. 10 D. 14

In adolescent brain development, myelination and maturation occur in sequence, proceeding from the __________. A. cortex to the inner brain and from front to back B. cortex to the inner brain and from back to front C. inner brain to the cortex and from front to back D. inner brain to the cortex and from back to front

Inhalants, which are used more by younger adolescents to get high, include _____. A. marijuana B. cocaine C. tobacco D. aerosols

Jill learned in health class that _____ is a hormone that is necessary for puberty. A. estrogen B. cortisol C. lipid D. leptin

One study found that the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) contributes to increased rates of depression in all girls, but only in boys who _____. A. ruminate B. are suicidal C. come from high-socioeconomic status communities D. come from low-socioeconomic status communities

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a(n) _____. A. soul mate B. career C. set of behaviors to please others D. understanding of oneself

Several researchers have compared parent-child relationships in Hong Kong, the United States, and Australia and have found that in all three places, parent-child communication and encouragement benefit adolescents, reducing the risk for all of the following EXCEPT _____. A. depression B. low self-esteem C. suicide D. obesity

Sharon is concerned about deficiencies in her daughter Alana's diet. If Alana is a typical teen, Sharon should feed her _____. A. potatoes to increase her starch B. carrots to increase her vitamin A C. orange juice to increase her vitamin C D. spinach to increase her iron

Statistically, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class? A. Ariel, age 5 B. Wilhelm, age 8 C. Allen, age 11 D. Rose, age 14

Technology may help adolescents who have diabetes to manage their condition in all of the following ways EXCEPT _____. A. monitor their insulin via cell phone B. talk to the doctor via Skype C. talk with other young people with diabetics via Internet chat D. exercise by playing video games

The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the ___________. A. biorhythm B. night-day cycle C. sleep cycle D. circadian rhythm

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____. A. gonads B. penis or uterus C. adrenal glands D. hypothalamus

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's __________. A. gonads B. penis or uterus C. adrenal glands D. hypothalamus

The recommended daily dose of calcium is _________ milligrams; most teens consume less than _________ milligrams per day. A. 1,000; 300 B. 1,000; 500 C. 1,300; 800 D. 1,300; 500

The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym _____. A. HAG pathway B. HAP pathway C. HPG axis D. HPA axis

The term for a pause in identity formation, when alternatives are explored before final choices are made, is known as _____. A. identity diffusion B. role confusion C. negative identity D. moratorium

Thinking intensely about themselves and about what others think about them is called _____. A. hypotheticalism B. deductive thinking C. inductive thinking D. egocentrism

Unhappiness with one's physical appearance is a _________ phenomenon. A. city B. county C. national D. worldwide

What article of clothing is Xavier most likely to outgrow first when he experiences the adolescent growth spurt? A. shirt B. pants C. belt D. shoes

When Piaget and Inhelder asked children of different ages to balance a scale using several different weights, they found that _____. A. by age 4, children tended to use logical deduction B. by age 7, children used spatial relationships C. by age 10, trial-and-error strategies based on logic are used to balance the scale D. by age 13 or 14, logic is used to understand a reciprocal relationship

When adolescents fantasize about how others will react to their new hairstyle, they are creating a(n) _____. A. personal fable B. abstract audience C. personal identity D. imaginary audience

When applied to the discussion of drug abuse, the term "generational forgetting" means that _____. A. adults turn a blind eye to youthful experimentation B. youth seek to get high and forget their age C. adolescents gather with others of their cohort to experiment with drugs D. the new generation ignores what adults have learned about the hazards of drugs

Which adolescent's sexual behavior is likely to be most strongly influenced by peers? A. Hannah, who has a warm relationship with her parents B. Darrel, who has a warm relationship with his parents C. Trista, who has parents who forbid sexual behavior D. Tom, who has parents who forbid sexual behavior

Which individual would be at the greatest risk for diet deficiencies? A. Sam, who was born in 1950 and is 10 years old B. Greg, who was born in 1960 and is 18 years old C. Tim, who was born in 1990 and is 10 years old D. George, who was born in 1990 and is 18 years old

Which of the following is TRUE about the best pedagogical style for adolescents? A. Co-education and high-stakes testing produce the best results. B. Co-education and practical skills-focused instruction produce the best results. C. Single-sex education allows for higher academic achievement. D. There is no best structure or pedagogy for every student.

T/F: Parental monitoring, even if restrictive and controlling, does not usually cause detrimental effects.

False

T/F: Primary sex characteristics include pubic hair and nipple changes.

False

_____ coined the term adolescent egocentrism.

David Elkind

T/F: In adolescence, growth proceeds in a proximodistal pattern.

False

T/F: In the United States, 50 percent of adolescent mothers are unwed.

False

Who coined the term adolescent egocentrism?

Elkind

rumination.

gender identity.

According to research, who is MOST likely to experience the greatest gain in well-being during emerging adulthood?

Eric, who lives in a dorm

"This creature barks and wags its tail. Dogs bark and wag their tails. Therefore, this must be a dog." This is an example of deductive reasoning. True or False

False

According to research, women who were abused have temporary but not lifelong alteration of their cortisol responses. True or False

False

Acute self-consciousness about physical appearance is much more prevalent between the ages of 16 and 20 than earlier or later. True or False

False

Adults are usually aware of the "sexting" that occurs between adolescents. True or False

False

Analytic thought, compared to intuitive thought, is generally preferred in everyday life. True or False

False

Anita is within the normal range for weight, but she uses laxatives in order to control her severe overconsumption of calories. Anita suffers from anorexia. True or False

False

Middle schools are designed to foster strong teacher-student relationships. True or False

False

Precocious puberty is sexual development before the age of 6.

False

Precocious puberty is sexual development before the age of 6. True or False

False

Secondary education refers to schooling completed after high school graduation, such as college or vocational training. True or False

False

Some of the problems associated with teenage pregnancy, including malnourishment and postponed prenatal care, depend mostly on the SES of the expectant mother. True or False

False

T/F: "This creature barks and wags its tail. Dogs bark and wag tails. Therefore, this must be a dog." This is an example of deductive reasoning.

False

T/F: A dual-process model of thinking includes inductive and deductive thinking.

False

T/F: According to research women who were abused have temporary but not life-long alteration of their cortisol responses.

False

T/F: Acute self-consciousness about physical appearance is much more prevalent between the ages of 16 and 20 than earlier or later.

False

T/F: Adolescents' belief that others are as intensely interested in them as they are in themselves is referred to as the invincibility fable.

False

T/F: Adults are usually aware of the "sexting" that occurs between adolescents.

False

T/F: Alcohol is widely enjoyed in North America and is only infrequently abused.

False

T/F: All high school students who take Advanced Placement classes will be well prepared for college.

False

T/F: Analytic thought and intuitive thought both develop during adolescence, although analytic thought often overrides intuitive thought when many adolescents are together.

False

T/F: Anita is within the normal range for weight, but she uses laxatives in order to control her severe overconsumption of calories. Anita suffers from anorexia.

False

T/F: Brain immaturity is the origin of every "troublesome adolescent behavior."

False

T/F: During adolescence, mother-son pairs tend to bicker more than mother-daughter pairs.

False

T/F: Emotional control is fully developed by adolescence.

False

T/F: Familism refers to parents' ongoing awareness of their children's activities and friendships.

False

T/F: Hermione accepts her parents' religious faith without question. She is happy and enjoys participating in religious events with them. Hermione's behavior shows identity moratorium.

False

T/F: Hypothetical thought involves reasoning only about propositions that reflect reality.

False

T/F: Identity achievement involves a denial of past experiences and childhood identifications.

False

T/F: In Indonesia, 38 percent of women smoke because cigarettes are closely tied to sexual allure.

False

analytical

Fifteen-year-old Rebecca still has a 10:00 p.m. curfew. She is asking her parents to extend her curfew on the weekends to 11:00 p.m. When her parents ask her why she thinks her curfew should be changed, Rebecca replies, "Because I am older now, and I've never been late for my 10:00 p.m. curfew. I think you can trust me, so can we at least give it a try?" This is an example of what kind of thinking?

Marcia

Following Erikson's lead, _________ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with this life stage.

family function

For all eating disorders, ______ is crucial.

8; 14

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.

spermarche

For boys, the first ejaculation of seminal fluid is _____.

a girl's first menstrual period

For girls, menarche is _____.

the beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

Most U.S. high schools emphasize learning based on _____, which is developmentally appropriate.

Formal Thinking

Piaget called the reasoning that characterizes adolescence _____.

Formal operational thought

Friendships reach their peak of functional significance during _____. adolescence emerging adulthood middle adulthood late adulthood

______ refers to a person's self-definition as male or female, and _______ refers to a person's erotic desires.

Gender identity; sexual orientation

Generally, when is physical touch most likely to occur between two male friends? when they greet each other when they say goodbye when their favorite team wins a football game when their favorite team loses a football game

Which individual would be at the greatest risk for diet deficiencies?

George, who was born in 1990 and is 18 years old

sexual-identity disorder.

Hector is 15 years old and does not identify with his biological sex. Although there is some controversy about the classification, the DSM-IV would categorize Hector as having:

His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped

His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped.

secondary

Holly, age 13, notices that her hips are widening and her breasts are developing. Holly is noticing changes in her _____ sex characteristics.

The adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium, moment by moment is called _____.

Homeostasis

In 2015 in the United States, the average life expectancy was _____ years for men and _____ years for women. 77; 82 81; 76 65; 84 84; 65

not likely to receive medical care when they contract an STI.

In communities and families that forbid adolescent sex, teenagers are:

declines.

In general, as children become adolescents, their self-esteem:

are almost even

In many nations, including the United States, rates of sexual activity among boys and girls _____.

In older adults, a positive world view _____. correlates with less well-being correlates with believing that life is meaningful is associated with increased family conflict is associated with increased responsiveness to regretful events

In one study, the researchers found that the brains, bodies, and behaviors of adults diagnosed with _____ were more like those of younger adults. the positivity effect compulsive hoarding late-life depression disengagement

In recent decades, the use of technology has _____. increased decreased not been discussed disappeared

In schools structured so that individuals compete rather than work cooperatively, low-scoring students may _____. be highly motivated achieve higher scores as the school year moves on cope by endorsing the entity approach to learning believe in incremental mastery of a subject area

Statistically, which statement regarding emerging adults is true?

In spite of the new challenges and stressors that they face, their self-esteem is higher than earlier and continues to rise throughout emerging adulthood.

In the Seattle Longitudinal Study, the cognitive complexity of the occupations of more than 500 workers was measured, including the complexities involved in the workers' interactions with other people, with things, and with data. Older workers maintained _____. their intellectual prowess only for interactions with other people their intellectual prowess only for interactions with things their intellectual prowess only for interactions with data their intellectual prowess in interactions with other people, with things, and with data

half

In the United States, ____ of all new STIs occur in people ages 15 to 25.

In the past, there were 20 times more children than older people. Then there were 7 times more people under age 15 than over age 64. Currently, there are 3 times as many children as there are elders. These changes in the age make-up of the population are referred to as _____. population growth a cyclical event a demographic shift elder explosion

In what way are older Americans the LEAST politically active? voting writing letters to elected officials staying informed on current events volunteering on political campaigns

Intelligence that reflects accumulated learning is referred to as _____. creative intelligence practical intelligence fluid intelligence crystallized intelligence

When asked what she sees in her new boyfriend, whom she just met, Kayla responds, "I don't know. It just feels right." Kayla's response is an example of _____ thought.

Intuitive

Ivis is 60 years old and realizes that his reading speed and eyesight are not as robust as they were when he was younger. He still enjoys participating in a book club, which requires a new book to be read every week. So Ivis now listens to the books on tape. Ivis is using _____ in order to participate in the book club. compensatory thinking selective optimization with compensation maturation of compensation optimization of maturation and wisdom

a higher proportion of body fat

Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, Janet will have _____ than Carlos.

Jeremy was reared in several foster homes and never knew his parents. When he started working with Kent, he became close to Kent's family to the point where they fondly referred to him as "our newfound son." The family has "adopted" Jeremy as _____. surrogate sibling foster son kindred brother fictive kin

bulimia nervosa

Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at one sitting and then makes herself vomit. She also takes laxatives for weight control. Josefina MOST likely suffers from _____.

hypothetical thinking

Justine is 14 years old. Her parents are frequently annoyed because Justine tends to ask critical questions such as, "Why can't I have wine with dinner? You do" or, "I don't understand why I'll be able to vote when I'm 18, but I have to wait until I'm 21 to buy alcohol!" This type of thinking is demonstrating Justine's:

Kaelin is a highly skilled electrician and Liza is his new apprentice. When unexpected problems occur as they work on complex wiring projects, the MOST critical difference between their approaches in successfully completing the job is _____.

Kaelin's automatic processing

precocious puberty

Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced _____.

Lora lives next door to her childhood home and has become the caregiver for her mother, a frail elderly woman with major neurocognitive disorder and several physical weaknesses. Which of the following is NOT likely true of this case?

Lora is most likely the caregiver because she has the training and personality to do the job better than others in the family.

Which student is MOST likely to be admired during middle school?

Louisa, who uses marijuana and frequently finds herself in physical fights

Low-SES European American men have all of the following EXCEPT _____than men of higher SES. less education more education worse health spottier work history

a decrease

Luis was raised to believe that he is intelligent, skilled, and protected by his family. During adolescence, he will most likely exhibit _____________ in self-confidence.

suicide ideation.

Lydia finds that she often thinks about killing herself. This is called:

personal fable.

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their:

Following Erikson's lead, _____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with the identity crisis.

Marcia

Following Erikson's lead, _____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with this life stage.

Marcia

her belief in an imaginary audience.

Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marsha is demonstrating:

to embrace some parental and societal values while abandoning others.

Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing:

Miles has a busy week of school ahead. He has a report due in history, a paper due in English, a test in biology, a concert for music, and two basketball games. To effectively manage all of these activities, Miles will need to engage what type of thought? deductive reasoning intuitive thought concrete reasoning analytic thought

At least two different networks in the brain are involved in thinking.

Most researchers believe which of the following statements to be true regarding the dual-process model?

Mr. and Mrs. Vasquez have discovered that their son has been cutting school with a group of boys. Which conclusion is MOST likely true? The group has led their innocent son astray. The behavior is nothing to worry about. Their son is more rebellious than the group as a whole. Their son chose this group because he shares their interests.

depressed.

Nate's parents are restrictive and controlling. Compared with Nate's peers whose parents engage in less psychological control, Nate is more likely to be:

Older immigrants tend to be _____. happy and financially stable because of retirement savings well integrated into extended family life, as is the norm in the United States isolated but provided for by social welfare programs lonely and poor, without a U.S. work history or the benefit of extended family life to support them

Which of the following statements about socio-emotional selectivity theory is TRUE?

Older people prioritize regulation of their own emotions and seek familiar social contacts.

binge-eating disorder

Once a week, Candace locks herself in her bedroom and gorges on cookies, cakes, ice cream, and other snack foods. She eats until her stomach hurts and this has been going on for 5 months. Candace is very private about her eating binges and is embarrassed and depressed over her out-of-control eating. Candace is demonstrating characteristics of _____.

reproduction

Once the primary sexual organs begin to function, adolescents are biologically capable of _____.

growth of fingers and toes

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is _____.

1: 22

One study found that less than ______ percent of parents of 6th graders thought their children had tried alcohol, yet _____ percent of the children said they had.

secular trend

Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon?

a suicide attempt that does not end in death.

Parasuicide refers to:

anorexia nervosa

Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds, yet when she looks in the mirror she thinks she is too fat. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty appears to suffer from _____.

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their _____.

Personal fable

Which statement about personality in emerging adulthood is TRUE?

Personality can change after adolescence.

lose weight

Research indicates that a majority of adolescent girls in the United States are trying to _____.

stress

Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty.

Students who attend ethnically diverse schools feel that they can blame their own shortcomings on the prejudices of others.

Research indicates that middle school students who attend ethnically diverse schools feel safer and less lonely than students who attend more ethnically homogenous schools. Which of the following explanations may account for this feeling of safety?

Research indicates that remarried people initially restore all of the following EXCEPT _____. intimacy health previous friendships financial security

adolescent depression.

Restrictive and controlling parenting practices are associated with:

Role confusion.

cluster

Several suicides within the same group of people in a brief period are called _________ suicides.

_______________________describes the direction of a person's erotic desires.

Sexual orientation

Shanice spends her weekends engaged in freestyle motocross. Shanice is participating in a(n) _____ sport. spiritual extreme illegal college

Shortly after Louisa turned 18, she developed a newfound appreciation of her parents. What contributed to her change in attitude? less resistance and more placation her parents have adjusted to her independence a more developed prefrontal cortex self-reflection and humility

The Hayflick limit is a natural limit to the _____. number of times cells can divide size of the Earth's population number of children born to one set of parents life span of a victim of genetic disease

The ability to care for the needs and emotions of someone else while still attending to one's own needs and emotions is called _____. homeostasis intimacy versus isolation helicopter parenting mutuality

The term massification means that _____.

The action of promoting or enforcing uniformity in a society; the process of becoming a mass society, especially through development of the mass media.

The adjustment of all the body's systems to keep physiological functions in a state of equilibrium, moment by moment is called _____. organ reserve homeostasis massification allostasis

The average age of menopause is about _____ years. 40 45 51 60

The average new stepchild in a family is _____ years old. 3 6 9 12

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

The beginning of breast development, the growth spurt, and menarche

The changes of primary aging are _____. caused by disease reversible preventable universal

creating a developmental mismatch.

The common middle-school schedule that involves classroom changes every 40 minutes has the effect of:

hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal axis

The correct sequence of puberty hormone production that starts in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is the _____.

The cultural norm of familism often _____. demands that individual family members take care of themselves at a very early age fails to provide family members with a cushion during stressful life experiences requires family members to make sacrifices for the good of the whole undermines familial solidarity

circadian rhythm

The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the _____.

two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotional and one for analytical processing of stimuli.

The dual-process model of thinking is defined by the notion that:

hypothalamus

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____.

The increased allostatic load that African Americans may experience as a result of years of stress related to discrimination is referred to as _____. self theory weathering disengagement integrity

puberty

The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called "_____."

All of the following are reasons why the adolescent suicide rate seems worse than it actually is EXCEPT?

The rate is higher than it has been in past decades.

sexual orientation.

The term that describes one having erotic desires about the same sex, the opposite sex or both sexes is:

Deductive reasoning is also referred to as "______ reasoning."

Top-down

Identify the accurate statement about adolescent crime.

Virtually every adolescent boy has broken a law by the age of 21.

What global trend is evident with regard to alcohol? Affluent nations have more abstainers and abusers than low-income nations. Affluent nations have more heavy drinkers than low-income nations. Low-income nations have more abstainers and abusers than affluent nations. Low-income nations have more moderate drinkers than affluent nations.

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone?

When older Americans move, they are most likely to move _____. not far from their old residence to a warm climate to the town where they were born to the countryside, where it is quiet and where there is less crime

Which 70-year-old is most likely to be diagnosed with osteoporosis? Vivian, who has European ancestry Rhonda, who has African ancestry Benjamin, who has European and Asian ancestry Sato, who has Asian ancestry

Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion? Jeannine, who runs away from a pressured home environment and joins a commune Fred, who is pressured by his parents to become a doctor Barbara, a college student who frequently changes majors Zachary, who spends most of his time watching TV and hanging out with his friends

the shrinkage of the lymphoid system

Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections?

the United States

Which developed nation has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy?

pituitary

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?

leptin

Which hormone is high at the onset of puberty and affects appetite?

Which individual is most likely to be an STI vector? Carlton, age 15 Jared, age 23 Dean, age 39 Sean, age 55

Which of Sternberg's three forms of intelligence is sometimes called "street smarts"? creative practical analytic general

less alcohol use

Which of the following has NOT been associated with early maturation among girls?

social context

Which of the following has the greatest impact on whether sexual discovery and exploration is healthy and enjoyable, or shameful and frightening?

15-year-old Kevin

Which of the following individuals is most likely going to take dramatic risks in order to gain peer approval?

average weight

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa?

iron and calcium

Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet?

Which personality trait tends to increase with age? extroversion openness conscientiousness neuroticism

Youth continue to report sexual activity at younger and younger ages.

Which statement about teen sexual activity is FALSE?

Which term refers to reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out specifics? hypothetical reasoning inductive reasoning deductive reasoning adolescent egocentrism

age and cohort

Which two factors are crucial to the issue of diet deficiencies?

Who are considered to be digital natives? infants adolescents adults between the ages of 35 and 55 adults over the age of 65

_____ is an example of "identity foreclosure."

Working in the family business because it is expected

Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. Just a few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision making? His limbic system is underdeveloped. His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped. His amygdala is underdeveloped. The regions regulating his emotions are underdeveloped.

His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped.

Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion?

Zachary, who spends most of his time hanging out and seems apathetic

Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion?

Zachary, who spends most of his time just hanging out and seems apathetic about life

Sports injuries

_____ are the most common school accidents, and they increase at puberty.

Androgens

_____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females.

Cortisol levels

_____ rise at puberty, and that makes adolescents quicker to become angry or upset.

The view that elderly people need to remain active in a variety of social spheres is called _____.

activity theory

According to Erikson, the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity:

achievement

According to Erikson, the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity:

achievement.

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would be described as _____.

active and outgoing

Dustin Albert and colleagues conducted a series of experiments in which adults and adolescents, alone or with peers, played a video game. In the game, taking risks could lead to crashes or gaining points. The experiments found that _____, unlike the _____, were much more likely to take risks and crash when they were _____.

adolescents; adults; with peers

Inhalants, which are used more by the youngest adolescents to get high, include _____.

aerosols

Today, the most notable digital divide is based on _____.

age

Which two factors are crucial to the issue of diet deficiencies?

age and cohort

The idea that opportunities and roles are determined based on age is referred to as _____

age stratification

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with

aggression and antisocial behavior in boys

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with _____.

aggression and antisocial behavior in boys

According to one study (Asendorf et al., 2008), which personality traits were still evident in individual emerging adults after first being observed in them at the age of 4?

aggressiveness

Dr. Fine was interested in assessing the g, or general intelligence, of college students, so he assessed abilities in all of the following areas EXCEPT___

agility

Dr. Fine was interested in assessing the g, or general intelligence, of college students, so he assessed abilities in all of the following areas EXCEPT_____.

agility

The most frequently abused drug among North American teenagers is:

alcohol

_______________________is the most frequently abused drug in North America.

alcohol

analytic thought

Formal, logical, hypothetical-deductive thinking described by Piaget is referred to as "______."

analytic thought

Formal, logical, hypothetical-deductive thinking described by Piaget is referred to as _____.

analytic thought

Kristy and her friends come up with several options of things to do on Friday night, and ultimately decide to go to a concert by a popular singer because they like that she writes her own songs and they think her videos are creative. In making this decision Kristy and her friends are using what type of thought?

analytic thought

_____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females.

androgens

Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds, yet when she looks in the mirror she thinks she is too fat. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty appears to suffer from

anorexia nervosa

One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is _____.

anxiety about their body image

Identity diffusion is typically characterized by:

apathy

In many nations, including the United States, rates of sexual activity among boys and girls _____.

are almost even

The Big Five personality traits _____.

are apparent in every culture and era

Secondary sex characteristics are traits that _____.

are not directly related to fertility

High school romances:

are short-lived, rarely lasting more than a year.

Eva is about to become an adolescent mother. Based on recent research, she and her child will better handle the situation if her parents _____.

are supportive but do not assume complete care for her child

Elderly people's relationships with members of younger generations _____.

are usually positive but can also include tension and conflict

artifacts

Most drug use begins _____.

as social use

Adolescent egocentrism begins _____, and may increase again at the start of _____.

at puberty; college

The term imaginary audience refers to adolescents' _____.

belief that everyone is watching their behavior and appearance

Religious faith is associated with improved psychological health in old age because of _____.

beliefs that give meaning to life and death

With respect to thinking, when students first start college they _____.

believe in the existence of clear and perfect truths

Sandra is in her bedroom with her mother. Sandra's mother exclaims, "You need to get these clothes off the floor right now!" Sandra replies, "It's my room, and I will leave things where I want." Sandra's mother responds, "I am your mother, and you will do what I say." This is an example of _____.

bickering

_______________________is a type of parent-adolescent conflict that is usually repeated and ongoing and concerns small day-to-day matters.

bickering

Petty, peevish arguing that is usually ongoing is known as:

bickering.

binge-eating disorder

Gender refers to

biological characteristics of male and female

bulimia nervosa

Pete has been shoplifting for the past year. Unless he experiences an intervention, his shoplifting behavior is most likely to lead to _____.

burglary

When Piaget and Inhelder asked children of different ages to balance a scale using several different weights, they found that _____.

by age 13 or 14 logic is used to understand a reciprocal relationship

When Piaget and his colleagues asked children of different ages to balance a scale using several different weights, they found that _____.

by age 13 or 14, logic is used to understand a reciprocal relationship

Peer pressure or encouragement to conform to a friend's behavior or fashion style:

can be positive.

Talal is 23 and works in an entry-level sales position at a local company. If he is typical, in the next few years, he will:

change jobs more than once

Personality is plastic, but a person's personality will be affected lifelong by:

childhood experiences

_____ relationships have high rates of verbal and physical abuse.

churning

Chris typically can be found with the same group of close friends on the gym steps at lunchtime. He and his friends do not ask others to sit with them. Psychologists call Chris's group a:

clique

Several suicides within the same group of people in a brief period are called "_____ suicides."

cluster

Several suicides within the same group of people in a brief period are called _____ suicides.

cluster

In Inhelder and Piaget's balance experiment, trial-and-error problem solving was most characteristic of those of the age defined by _____.

concrete operational thought

Which statement about personality in emerging adulthood is true?

college success can improve one's personality

One study found that the short allele of the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) contributes to increased rates of depression in all girls, but it only affects boys who _____.

come from low-socioeconomic-status communities

With respect to suicide, what is more common in adolescent boys than in adolescent girls?

completed suicide

Bickering between parents and teenagers is most likely to:

concern personal habits and dress.

Many emerging adults want to engage in sexual activity but know that they are not emotionally ready to be parents. Their solution is _____.

contraception

A father says to his son, "I want you home by 10:00 P.M." This best represents which aspect of family closeness?

control

Dimitri, age 26, is studying to take the CPA exam in order to become a certified public accountant. According to John Holland's six categories of people, Dimitri is MOST likely in the _____ category.

conventional

In schools structured so that individuals compete rather than work cooperatively, low-scoring students may _____.

cope by endorsing the entity approach to learning

_____ rise at puberty, and that makes adolescents quicker to become angry or upset.

cortisol levels

The common middle-school schedule that involves students changing rooms, teachers, and classmates every 40 minutes _____.

creates a developmental mismatch between students' needs and the school context

In many nations of Africa and the Middle East, same-sex behaviors are considered:

criminal and pathological.

Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or Web postings is called " _____."

cyberbullying

Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or Web postings is called _____.

cyberbullying

Spreading insults and rumors by means of e-mails, text messages, or social media postings is called _____.

cyberbullying

In parent and adult child relationships, _____ feel stronger affection toward their parents.

daughters

Rachel and Matt are in their first year of middle school. Statistically, one would expect their academic achievement to _____.

decline

In general, as children experience puberty, their self-esteem _____.

declines

In recent years, the so-called digital divide has _____ among adolescents.

decreased

In the past 50 years, teen births have _____ in every nation.

decreased

Later high school start times have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT _____.

decreased college attendance

From 1991 to 2001, the rate of sexual activity among U.S. high school students:

decreased.

All Christians believe in the Bible, and Josiah is a Christian; therefore Josiah believes in the Bible. This is an example of _____.

deductive reasoning

All Christians believe in the Bible, and Josiah is a Christian; therefore, Josiah believes in the Bible. This is an example of _____.

deductive reasoning

Elle, an adolescent, believes that government should pay for all citizens' health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of _____.

deductive reasoning

Vivica, an adolescent, believes that government should pay for all citizens' health care. From this premise, she reasons about the particulars of how and why government-funded health care would work. This is an example of _____.

deductive reasoning

Which term refers to reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, through logical steps, to figure out specifics?

deductive reasoning

Most U.S. high schools emphasize learning based on _____, which is developmentally appropriate.

deductive/formal

According to Erikson, the identity status characterized by not questioning and making no commitment is:

diffusion

The identity status characterized by a lack of commitment to any goals or values is _____.

diffusion

According to Erikson, the identity status characterized by not questioning and making no commitment is:

diffusion.

The identity status characterized by a lack of commitment to any goals or values is _____.

disfussion

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents _____.

do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents:

do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role.

Joel was a very aggressive 4-year-old boy. During emerging adulthood, he is MOST likely to:

drop out of school

"Facilitation," specifically in adolescent peer relationships, refers to the way that peers:

encourage each other to do things that most wouldn't do on their own.

An approach to understanding intelligence that sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity present at birth, is referred to as the "______ theory of intelligence."

entity

An approach to understanding intelligence that sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity present at birth, is referred to as the _____ approach.

entity

Both the prevalence and incidence of drug use_______________________from about ages 10 to 25.

increase

Related to political identity is _____.

ethnic identity

Adolescent victims of cyberbullying are likely to _____.

experience depression

During the fifth stage of psychosocial development, an adolescent who isn't sure which role to adopt is said to be:

experiencing a crisis of identity versus role confusion.

Older adults have _____ vocabularies but _____ fluency.

extensive;limited

After a recent divorce and many years as a stay-at-home mom, Cheryl is entering the workforce. As a single parent with three children, she needs a livable wage, good benefits, and a retirement plan. She is focused on the _____ of work.

extrinsic rewards

Several of Jamel's friends agree to gather Thursday evening and study for their physics exam, and they invite him to come along. Jamel's friends are:

facilitating constructive behaviors.

The belief that family members should support one another, sacrificing individual freedom if necessary, is called:

familism

During emerging adulthood, self-esteem and happiness

increase

In the United States, one way for some to legitimatize an identity moratorium is to _____.

go to college

In the United States, one way for some to legitimatize an identity moratorium is to:

go to college.

What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone?

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Richard plays video games for many hours each day. Richard can expect to have lower _____.

grades at school

Richard plays video games for many hours each day. Richard can expect to have lower _____.

grades in school

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is _____.

growth of fingers and toes

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche

Compared with single older adults, married older adults tend to be _____.

happier and wealthier

Autopsies show that the brain of a person with major NCD due to Alzheimer's disease _____.

has a proliferation of plaques and tangles

The decrease of marriage during emerging adulthood in recent years

has been accompanied by an increase in cohabitation

Between the ages of 18 and 27, the average adult in the United States:

has had eight jobs

Adolescent romantic partners:

have less in common with each other than in adult couples.

hypothetical thinking

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines _____.

hypothetical thinking

If-then propositions require _____.

hypothetical thought

Reasoning that includes propositions and possibilities that may not reflect reality defines _____.

hypothetical thought

Understanding oneself based on past experiences and future plans is called ________, and lack of commitment to any goals or values is called __________.

identity achievement; role confusion

It is typical for an adolescent experiencing __________ to sleep too much, care little about school, and be indifferent to parental criticism.

identity diffusion

Angel's parents wanted him to be part of the family business—and Angel planned to do so. Then, at age 21, he decided to leave the business to study to be a lawyer. Angel resisted _____.

identity foreclosure

Angel's parents wanted him to be part of the family business-and Angel planned to do so. Then, at age 21, he decided to leave the business to study to be a priest. Angel resisted:

identity foreclosure.

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of _____.

identity versus role confusion

What is Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development?

identity versus role confusion

According to Erikson, adolescents are in the stage of:

identity versus role confusion.

Erikson's fifth stage of development is:

identity vs. role confusion

Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this pimple on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marsha is demonstrating _____.

imaginary audience

Generally, where do the elderly prefer to live?

in their own homes

A marked decrease in brain processing and memory in some older adults may be attributed to _____.

inadequate control processes

intuitive

Fifteen-year-old Spencer wants to be allowed to drive the family car, even though he does not yet have a driver's license. When his parents ask him why he thinks he should have driving privileges, he answers, "I know other kids who do it, and it's just stupid that I have to wait another three months until I turn 16." This is an example of what kind of thinking?

intuitive

intuitive thought

Blair has heard repeatedly from her parents about the potential dangers of drinking alcohol, yet at a party she gladly accepts a beer from her classmate, Jackson. Blair thinks that Jackson is one of the most popular students at school. In this situation, what type of thinking is most likely dominating Blair's decision to accept the beer?

intuitive thought

Thinking or drawing conclusions based on past personal experience, emotions, or a hunch is referred to as _____.

intuitive thought

Akila loves to theorize about how the physical world works. She believes there are advanced civilizations on other planets. According to John Holland's six categories of people, she is MOST likely in the _____ category.

investigative

A young boy experienced ongoing sexual abuse until he was 15. Now that he is a grown man, it is likely that he:

is depressed and has difficulty with sex or other psychosocial problems.

Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night, is often snacking at midnight, and has almost no energy in the morning. Barry's behavior

is due to hormonal shifts

Since he entered puberty, Damian has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this _____.

is due to hormonal shifts

Research has shown that the dip in self-esteem during adolescence:

is experienced by both sexes.

Child sexual abuse _____.

is most common when the first signs of puberty occur

Drug use before the age of 18 _____.

is the best predictor of later drug abuse

Many developmentalists find middle schools to be "developmentally regressive," which means _____.

learning goes backward

Which of the following has NOT been associated with early maturation among girls?

less alcohol use

Compared to when they were children, many adolescents are:

less self-confident.

Early neurological impairments increase the risk of a child becoming a(n) _________, and a teen experiencing a negative psychosocial development is at greater risk of becoming a(n) ___________.

life-course-persistent offender; adolescence-limited offender

A study of adult women in the United States found that those who voluntarily had sex before the age of 16 were _____.

likely to get a divorce as an adult

A study of adult women in the United States found that those who voluntarily had sex before the age of 16 were:

likely to get a divorce as an adult.

According to researchers, which individual will probably be the most liberal?

liliana, who just turned 19

During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.

limbic system; prefrontal cortex

peers

Bill, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will probably be _____.

penis growth

Many adolescents feel that their own thoughts and experiences are far more extraordinary than those of other people. This is part of their _____.

personal fable

According to Erikson, _____ identity is an arena of identity formation.

political

According to Erikson, what is one of the four aspects of identity?

political

Which of the following is one of Erikson's four aspects of identity?

political

poor body image

Mila told a friend that she doesn't like the way her legs look in her new volleyball uniform. She said she hates her figure, and expressed a desire to lose a lot of weight. From this discussion, you might think that Mila has a

poor body image

Which of Sternberg's three forms of intelligence is sometimes called "street smarts"?

practical

Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced

precocious puberty

Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced _____.

precocious puberty

Adolescents are more likely than adults to choose to stay up all night, go through a day without eating, exercise in pain, or text while driving because of an immature _____.

prefrontal cortex

As more is understood about brain development after adolescence, it seems that the characteristics of postformal thought are evident as the brain and, in particular, as the _____, matures.

prefrontal cortex

The period in which children's bodies become the adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called _____.

puberty

The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called _____.

puberty

Jeremy is 7 years old and has been asked to balance a scale with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably _____.

put weights on both sides without considering distance from the center of the scale

Jeremy, age 7, has been asked to balance a scale with weights that can be hooked to the arms of the scale. Jeremy will probably _____.

put weights on both sides without considering distance from the center of the scale

In recent years, the so-called digital divide has _____ among adolescents.

qdecreased

Personality traits present at age 18 _____.

rarely disappear by age 25.

What is an example of the sunk cost fallacy?

reading a book to the end even though the reader was bored by chapter 3

EJ attends community college working on a degree in automotive technology. He plans to take a series of rigorous national exams in order to become a master technician. According to John Holland's six categories of people, EJ is MOST likely in the _____ category.

realistic

Reggie has just started middle school. What is predicted to happen to his behavior?

reggie will most likely experience more behavior problems

In achieving full identity, an adolescent should understand his or her goals and values regarding:

religion and sex, politics and ethnicity, and vocation.

Compared to adults, adolescents may express their _____ identities more devoutly.

religious

Within which type of identity does society expect some debate and questioning during late adolescence?

religious identity

Once the primary sexual organs begin to function, adolescents are biologically capable of _____.

reproduction

Raul's family maintains a strong ethnic identity. To increase his chances of doing well in college he should:

resist both assimilation and alienation.

In a study of Hispanic college students, those who most likely to maintain their ethnic identity, deflect stereotype threat, and be good students were those who:

resisted alienation and assimilation

Recent research suggests that commitment to one career may _____ compared to vocational flexibility.

restrict vocational success

Bridget is in tenth grade. Bridget is enrolled in _____ education.

secondary

Holly, age 13, notices that her hips are widening and her breasts are developing. Holly is noticing changes in her _____ sex characteristics.

secondary

Laurel, age 13, notices that her hips are widening and her breasts are developing. Laurel is noticing changes in her _____ sex characteristics.

secondary

The school years after elementary or grade school and before college or university are referred to as "______."

secondary education

The school years after elementary or grade school and before college or university are referred to as _____.

secondary school

Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon?

secular trend

At age 17, Gage aspired to become a serious musician. His group of friends began to change as he grew closer to students with deep musical interests, and he drifted away from other friends who were more engaged in sports. This illustrates peer _____.

selection

During puberty, young people center on themselves, in part because brain maturation heightens _____.

self consciousness

During puberty, young people center on themselves, in part because brain maturation heightens _____.

self-consciousness

Janel is a 19-year-old who has developed a fear of interacting with people, particularly in crowded or unfamiliar settings. She has been diagnosed with:

social phobia

As the United States moves increasingly toward high-stakes testing, _____.

some nations are following suit and others are moving away from it

Sharon is concerned about deficiencies in her daughter Alana's diet. If Alana is a typical teen, Sharon should feed her _____.

spinach to increase her iron

According to Erikson, an adult's failure to achieve generativity results in _____.

stagnation and personal impoverishment

The best sex-education programs are those that:

start before high school, require parent-child communication, focus on behavior, and last for years.

Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience _____.

teasing from boys her age

Data indicates a marked decline in _____ rates in most countries for the past few decades.

teen birth

One function of working memory is _____.

temporary storage of information for conscious use

Females, who may be emotion-focused, are likely to "_____"—that is, to seek the company of other people when they are under pressure.

tend and befriend

Young people who are sexually exploited/abused _____.

tend to devalue themselves throughout life

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more _____.

tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more:

tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school.

The term andropause, or male menopause, is sometimes used to refer to _____.

the age-related reduction in testosterone

Gender refers to _____.

the cultural or social attributes of being male or female

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by _____.

the growth of the heart and lungs

Marcy says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marcy is demonstrating _____.

the imaginary audience

Marsha says, "There is no way I am going to school today with this bruise on my cheek. Everybody is going to laugh at me." Marsha is demonstrating _____.

the imaginary audience

Sixteen-year-old Paul drinks heavily and drives dangerously fast, believing that he cannot be hurt. Paul is demonstrating _____.

the invincibility fable

The belief that one cannot be harmed by things that would hurt someone else is referred to as _____.

the invincibility fable

Which of the following does NOT characterize self-actualization?

the longing for a secure and stable home

When applied to the discussion of drug abuse, the term "generational forgetting" means that _____.

the new generation ignores what adults have learned about the hazards of drugs

If a boy notices a swelling around his nipples during puberty, what is the likely cause?

the normal fluctuation of sex hormones

The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is _____.

the onset of nipple growth

Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections?

the shrinkage of lymphoid system

Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections?

the shrinkage of the lymphoid system

Which developed nation has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy?

the united states

. One of the most prominent aspects of formal operational thought is the ability to _____.

think in terms of possibilities

One of the most prominent aspects of formal operational thought is the ability to _____.

think in terms of possibilities

Suicidal ideation refers to _____.

thinking about suicide

Diamond is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing _____.

to embrace some parental and societal values while abandoning others

Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing _____.

to embrace some parental and societal values while abandoning others

Mary is an adolescent. According to Erikson, her new identity will be established by choosing:

to embrace some parental and societal values while abandoning others.

Which psychoactive drug used during adolescence inhibits growth and may result in the adolescent becoming a shorter and heavier adult?

tobacco

The two most common drugs are _____.

tobacco and alcohol

The two most common drugs used by adolescents are _____.

tobacco and alcohol

Deductive reasoning is also referred to as _____ reasoning.

top down

Deductive reasoning is also referred to as _____ reasoning.

top-down

During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the last part(s) of the body to grow?

torso

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