mastering A and P chap 21 (I, II)

What is the correct order for the sequence of blood vessels that blood would travel in the systemic circuit, starting at the aorta? 1. venules 2. arterioles 3. capillaries 4. elastic arteries 5. medium veins 6. large veins 7. muscular arteries

4,7,2,3,1,5,6

If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

100 mm Hg

Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if filtration or reabsorption occurs. NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________.

15 mm Hg; filtration

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?

34 mm Hg

How many pulmonary veins are there?

4

The resistance to blood flow of the entire cardiovascular system is known as

total peripheral resistance.

What are the layers of blood vessels from outside to inside?

tunica externa; tunica media; tunica interna

The brachial artery branches to form the radial and ________ arteries

ulnar

The ________ are small blood vessels that nourish tissue components in the wall of large arteries and veins.

vasa vassorum

Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?

vascular resistance

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except

vasodilation

Venae cavae are the largest of what type of vessel?

vein

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

veins

Which type of blood vessel has (a) the largest lumen and (b) the thickest tunica media?

veins; arteries

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?

venous

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules.

The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure

hydrostatic; colloid osmotic

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

hypertension

Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by

large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma.

Which brain region contains the cardiovascular centers?

medulla oblongata

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery

muscular

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?

net osmotic pressure

Peripheral resistance depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT __________.

blood colloid osmotic pressure

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.

blood pressure

Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ions.

What structure do RBCs move through single-file?

capillary

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.

capillary; interstitial fluid

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?

carotid sinus and aortic arch

Venous valves are responsible for

channeling blood toward the heart

The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

concentration of plasma proteins.

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries.

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?

decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

Resistance is a force that

decreases blood flow

The pulmonary trunk carries __________ blood __________ the lung.

deoxygenated; to

Which of these arteries does NOT originate on the abdominal aorta?

femoral

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

fenestrated capillaries

Compared to arteries, veins

have thinner walls

The pulmonary veins carry ________ blood to the ________.

oxygenated; left atrium

Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased

parasympathetic innervation

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.

proteins in the blood

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein.

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

reduces; increases

Which of these arteries does NOT branch directly off of the aortic arch?

right subclavin artery

Which of the following equations shows the correct relation between blood flow (F), pressure (P), and resistance (R)

F = P/R

Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

arteriole

The smallest arterial branches are called the

arterioles

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

arterioles dilate.

A(n) ________ is a direct connection between an arteriole and a venule.

arteriovenous anastomosis

In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

artery

In comparison to a vessel with a large diameter, a vessel with a small diameter has

a greater resistance to blood flow.

In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following?

an increase in heart contractility

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?

an increase in heart rate and contractility

The direct interconnection of two arteries is called an arterial

anastomosis.

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

Which of the following would increase vascular resistance? increased vessel length, increased vessel luminal diameter, turbulence.

increased vessel length and turbulence

As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.