Mastering A&P chapter 8 (pre-quiz): Special Senses

What vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency? Presbyopia Glaucoma Cataracts Night blindness Color blindness

Cataracts

What layer of the eyeball contains both pigment to absorb stray light rays and muscle to control the lens? Fovea centralis Sensory layer Choroid Sclera

Choroid

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males? Color blindness Conjunctivitis Cataracts Night blindness Glaucoma

Color blindness

What is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us? Emmetropia Inversion Accommodation Convergence

Convergence

Which of the following structures refract light before it hits the retina? Cornea and lens only Lens only Pupil Cornea, humors, and lens

Cornea, humors, and lens.

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________. pupil iris lens cornea

lens

What is a possible cause of conduction deafness? Damage to the semicircular ducts. Damage to the auditory cortex of the brain. Inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate Loss of hair cells

Inability of auditory ossicles to vibrate

Which of these structures is part of the system that produces and drains tears? Lacrimal gland Tarsal gland Aqueous humor Conjunctiva

Lacrimal gland

Japrice has a cold and her eyes are runny with tears. What structure has become inflamed that is causing Japrice's runny eyes? Cornea Ciliary glands Tarsal glands Lacrimal mucosa

Lacrimal mucosa

Which of these provides sensory input that helps keep the head erect? Ampullae of semicircular ducts Maculae of the vestibule Spiral organ of cochlear ducts

Maculae of the vestibule

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles __________________. Stapes, malleus and incus Malleus, incus and stapes Incus, malleus and stapes Stapes, incus and malleus Malleus, stapes and incus

Malleus, incus and stapes.

Sensorineural deafness can be caused by which of the following conditions? Otitis media Maternal rubella Strabismus Anosmia

Maternal rubella

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ___________________. Middle ear Outer ear Eardrum Inner ear Semicircular canals

Middle ear

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ___________________. Middle ear Outer ear Eardrum Inner ear Semicircular canals

Middle ear

Match the following eye disorders with their descriptions. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

Myopia: Nearsightedness. Glaucoma: Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness. Strabismus: "crossed eyes". Color blindness: Most common form is the lack of red or green cone receptors. Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva. Presbyopia: Decreased lens elasticity associated with aging.

Match these prefixes, suffixes and roots to their meanings.

The prefix oto- means "ear." The prefix audi- means "hear." The prefix photo- means "light." The prefix presby- means "old age." The prefix olf- means "smell."

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the _________. external acoustic meatus (auditory tube) ossicles auricle the spiral organ of Corti oval window

The spiral organ of Corti

Where are olfactory receptors located? papillae the paranasal sinuses the superior region of the nasal cavity olfactory bulbs

The superior region of the nasal cavity

The "hairs" of the hair cells within the organ of Corti are embedded in which of the following? Perilymph The vestibular membrane The tectorial membrane The basilar membrane

The tectorial membrane

Umami taste receptors respond to the amino acid glutamate; these receptors guide the intake of proteins. True/ False

True

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged? Semicircular canals Vestibular nerve Cupula Vestibule Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell? Vestibular (VIII) Glossopharyngeal (IX) Facial nerve (VII) Vagus (X) Olfactory nerve (I)

Vestibular (VIII)

What terms refer to the ability to focus on close objects? Refraction Accommodation Astigmatism Astigmatism Emmetropia

Accommodation

The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in ______________. Accommodation Convergence Refraction Binocular vision

Binocular vision

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ____________________. Conjunctiva Sclera Choroid Retina

Conjunctiva

Which of these can cause sensorineural deafness? Otosclerosis Degeneration of the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti Rupture of the eardrum Otitis media

Degeneration of the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

Art labeling activity: Figure 8.18 c. Drag the labels to the appropriate location in the figure.

Epithelium of tongue, Surface of the tongue, Basal cell, Gustatory hairs (microvilli) emerging from a taste pore, Taste bud, Connective tissue, Gustatory (taste) cell, and Sensory nerve fiber

Cones are photoreceptor cells that allow us to see gray tones in dim light. True / false

False

The movement of otoliths is involved in the sensation of dynamic equilibrium. True / False

False

The olfactory receptors are responsible for detecting taste sensation. True / False

False

Charlotte burned the top of her tongue on a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged? Vallate papillae Lingual papillae Foliate papillae Circumvallate papillae Fungiform papillae

Fungiform papillae

Simon is an 83-year-old man complaining of pain in his eyes, problems seeing things clearly, headaches, and seeing halos around lights. Simon's most likely diagnosis is ______________. Glaucoma Conjunctivitis Hemianopia Cataracts

Glaucoma

What condition results from an abnormally high pressure inside the eye? Cataract Presbyopia Glaucoma Myopia

Glaucoma

What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in saliva? Olfactory cells Taste bud cells Gustatory cells Hair cells

Gustatory cells

When Brock walked out of the dark movie theater into the bright, mid-day sun, he experienced ________________________. The accommodation pupillary reflex Convergence Hemianopia Eyestrain The photopupillary reflex

The photopupillary reflex

From the optic nerve, the visual pathway continues to the optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, and then visual interpretation occurs in the occipital lobe. True/False

True

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the _______________________. Tympanic membrane Auricle (pinna) Coochlea Semicircular canals Vestibule

Vestibule

Which of these is associated with rods? Vision in dim light Visual acuity Color vision Fovea centralis

Vision in dim light

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ______________. Aqueous humor Vitreous humor (body) Choroid Scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm). Ciliary body

Vitreous humor (body)

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ________. optic radiation optic chiasma optic tracts convergence

optic chiasma

What is the function of the otoliths? transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the oval window responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves stimulate ampullae when the head rotates

responding to changes in the pull of gravity and in acceleration when the body moves

What part of the inner ear contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium? otoliths maculae semicircular canals vestibule

semicircular canals

Which of the following causes of deafness would be helped LEAST by hearing aid? Damage to the cochlear nerve Ruptured eardrum Otosclerosis Otitis media

Damage to the cochlear nerve

Match the following descriptions to their appropriate eye structure. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer.

Sclera: "White of the eye". Lacrimal gland: Gland that releases tears. Cones: type of photoreceptor cell that detects colors. Lens: Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure. Cornea: Transparent portion of the fibrous layer. Vitreous humor: Type of gel-like substance located in the posterior segment. Retina: Layer that contains millions of photoreceptors. Fovea centralis: Area of the greatest visual acuity. Optic disc: Portion of the optic nerve that lacks photoreceptor cells.

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the _______________. Vestibule Oval window Semicircular canals Cochlea

Semicircular canals

Which of these are oriented in the three planes of space, allowing sensation of movement in any plane? Auditory ossicles Maculae of the vestibule Semicircular canals

Semicircular canals

Art labeling activity: Figure 8.3 a. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

Superior oblique muscle, Superior rectus muscle, Inferior rectus muscle, Inferior oblique muscle, Lateral rectus muscle.

What part of the eye is affected by cataracts? the aqueous humor the cornea the lens the optic nerve

The lens

How do organs of equilibrium help us maintain our balance? The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration. Organs of equilibrium stimulate postural muscle to maintain balance. The crista ampullaris sends information on head position and the macula the sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration. The cerebellum stimulates the organs of equilibrium to help maintain balance.

The macula sends information on head position and the crista ampullaris sends information on rotation movements to the cerebellum for integration.

Art labeling activity: Figure 8.2. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.

Nostril, Nasolacrimal duct, Excretory ducts of lacrimal glands, lacrimal glands, and lacrimal sacs.

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell? Photoreceptor Dynamic Equilibrium Receptor Olfactory Receptor Static Equilibrium Receptor

Olfactory Receptor

At what point do some axons leave the optic nerve and cross to the opposite side of the brain? optic tracts thalamus optic radiation optic chiasma

Optic chiasma

Match these vocabulary terms to their meanings.

Photoreceptors in the retina detect light to generate images. The auditory nerve carries impulses caused by sounds from the ear to the brain. As people age and lose the ability to see close objects, they develop a condition called presbyopia. The sense of smell is also called olfaction. A calcified 1Cstone 1D in the ear that participates in equilibrium is called a(n) otolith.

What is the most common type of color blindness? Red-green in men Red-green in women Blue-yellow Total color blindness

Red-green in men

Which of these is part of the sensory layer of the eye? Ciliary body Retina Choroid Vitreous humor

Retina

What hearing disorder arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain? Méniére's disease otosclerosis sensorineural deafness conduction deafness

Sensorineural deafness