Mastering Bio Chapter 4
A (The smaller cell has a larger surface (600 mm2) to volume (1,000 mm3) ratio. This accounts for why most cells are microscopic.)
A 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm cell has a surface area that is _____ and a volume that is _____. A second cell, that is 10 mm x 10 mm x 10 mm, has a _____ surface-to-volume ratio when compared to the first cell. A- 60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... greater B- 60,000 mm2 ... 1,000,000 mm3 ... smaller C- 600 mm2 ... 1,000 mm3 ... larger D- 60,000 mm3 ... 1,000,000 mm2 ... smaller
A
A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its A- nucleoid region. B- ribosomes. C- nucleus. D- capsule.
B
A certain cell has a dense nucleoid region, ribosomes, but no membrane-enclosed organelles. Based on this information, it could be _____. A- a yeast (fungus) cell B- an archaean C- a grasshopper cell D- a Paramecium
B
A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at individual samples of these organisms taken from the pond would find that they A- have died of malnutrition. B- have gained water and burst. C- have lost water and shrunk. D- have died because wastes have built up in the cytoplasm.
B
A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which one of the following instruments would be best, and why? A- a transmission electron microscope, because it has high resolution B- a light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells C- a scanning electron microscope, because it can be used to observe whole cells without slicing them D- a scanning electron microscope, because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces
D
A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of her partner's sperm indicates that dynein feet are missing from the flagella in his sperm cells. A physician explains that this could interfere with fertility by A- interfering with the attachment of the flagella to the sperm. B- preventing the sperm from producing enough energy to power swimming. C- preventing the sperm from attaching to the egg cell. D- preventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell.
B
An immune system cell called the plasma cell produces thousands of antibodies per second for release into the body. What type of intracellular structure would you expect to be very prominent within the cell? A- microtubules B- endoplasmic reticulum C- nucleus D- peroxisome
C
As cell size increases, the A- volume and surface area decrease. B- surface area and volume increase at the same rate. C- volume increases faster than the surface area. D- surface area increases faster than the volume.
C
In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads A- are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water B- are hydrophobic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane C- are hydrophilic and face outward towards the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane D- are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water
A (If the earliest eukaryotic cells had contained chloroplasts, they would not have had to obtain organic compounds through food.)
Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells consumed the organic compounds needed for life-sustaining functions. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells? A-chloroplast B- ribosome C- plasma membrane D- nucleus
B
Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria A- contain three different membrane-bound compartments, whereas chloroplasts contain two. B- contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain disk-like vesicles in stacks called grana. C- are not found in plants, whereas chloroplasts are not found in animals. D- convert light energy from the sun to chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert one form of chemical energy to another.
D
Plasma membranes are permeable to A- small ions such as Na+. B- large hydrophilic molecules such as starch. C- hydrophilic molecules such as glucose. D- nonpolar molecules such as CO2.
D
Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which A- is made in the nucleolus. B- must be made by the ribosomes. C- carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division. D- is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins.
A
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum A- stores calcium ions in muscle cells. B- produces proteins for cell membranes. C- is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells. D- helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis.
D
Tay-Sachs disease A- prevents the breakdown of glycogen. B- involves damage to liver cells. C- is due to the absence of an enzyme that digests polysaccharides. D- causes an accumulation of lipids in brain cells.
B
The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence, except the fact that A- mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes. B- mitochondria use ATP like prokaryotes. C- chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes. D- chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes.
D
The skin is the body's largest organ. It's made up of many different types of cells. Oils, produced by the sebaceous glands, prevent the skin from drying and splitting. The protein melanin, produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, protects the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Sweat, released through ducts to the skin surface, helps to cool the body. The types of cells that produce these compounds have different numbers of specific organelles, depending on their function. The oil from the sebaceous glands is produced by which of the following cell organelles? A- cell membrane B- ribosomes C- rough endoplasmic reticulum D- smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D (The chromatin fibers of individual chromosomes coil and condense so that they can be distinguished.)
Under a light microscope, which substance becomes visible as the cell divides? A- protein B- mRNA C- DNA D- chromatin
A (The smooth endoplasmic reticulum functions to produce proteins for the endomembrane system and is involved in alcohol metabolism. This organelle is affected in the liver cells of alcoholics.)
What changes would you expect to see in the liver cells of someone suffering from chronic alcoholism? A- increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum activity B- decreased levels of nuclear permeability C- increased levels of mitochondrial activity D- decreased levels of DNA synthesis
D (Chlorophyll molecules are embedded within the thylakoid membrane, which is the most extensive membrane system within plant cells.)
Where are chlorophyll molecules located within plant cells? A- within the cell membrane B- within chloroplast ribosomes C- in the cytoplasm D- embedded in the thylakoid membrane
C (Prokaryotic cells lack any internal membranous compartmentalization.)
Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic? A- the presence or absence of a rigid cell wall B- the presence or absence of ribosomes C- whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes D- whether or not the cell contains DNA
D (These proteins are made by the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then processed by the Golgi apparatus before being inserted into the cell membrane. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the liver regulates sugar metabolism.)
Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A- regulating the liver's release of sugar to the blood B- synthesizing lipids C- detoxifying drugs D- creating receptor proteins
C
Which of the following statements about cells is true? A- All cells are motile. B- All cells have cell walls. C- All cells have internal structures that move. D- All cells are attached to other cells.
B
Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false? A- Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes. B- Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells. C- Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions. D- Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles.
A
Which of the following statements about internal membranes in eukaryotic cells is false? A- In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes standardize the internal environment of all cellular organelles. B- In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes form membranous compartments called organelles. C- In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes greatly increase a cell's total membrane area. D- In eukaryotic cells, internal membranes provide an additional area for many metabolic processes to occur.
D
Which of the following statements about plant cell walls is false? A- Plant cell walls consist of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins. B- Plant cell walls are multilayered structures. C- Wood is primarily composed of plant cell walls. D- Plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell.
D
Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false? A- The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products. B- The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons. C- The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water. D- The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling.
D
Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false? A- Plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells. B- Plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls. C- Plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells. D- Plasmodesmata are found in plants as well as some single-celled organisms.
C
Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells? A- a membrane-bound nucleus B- ribosomes C- nucleoid D- chromosome
B
Which of the following would be found in the cytoplasm of an animal cell? A- extracellular matrix B- centrioles C- nucleolus D- flagella
C (Prokaryotic cells have cell walls. Some eukaryotic cells do also, but animal cells do not)
Which of the following would distinguish a bacterial cell from an animal cell? A- replication of DNA B- presence of a plasma membrane C- presence of a cell wall D- production of proteins
D (the folds, cristae increase membrane surface area, enhancing ability to produce ATP)
Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the surface area of a mitochondrial membrane? A- structure A B- structure B C- structure C D- structure D
A
You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude correctly that the cells A- are plant cells. B- are animal cells. C- could be either plant or bacterial cells. D- are bacterial cells.
good practice test
http://teachers.stjohns.k12.fl.us/lyons-s/files/2014/11/Cells-practice-test-3.pdf
Another nice quiz
http://www.easynotecards.com/print_list/31765