mastering ch. 08

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in making cDNA?

Reverse transcriptase uses a RNA template to make a complementary copy of DNA.

In general, how might recombinant DNA technology be used to prevent a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a single gene?

To insert a desirable gene, remove an undesirable gene, or replace a defective gene with a functioning gene

If a scientist wanted to view the location of a particular microbial species within a biofilm, which technique could be used?

fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

If all the following DNA fragments were analyzed on an electrophoresis gel, which one would migrate farthest from the negative electrode?

250 base pairs

Which of the following attaches the target gene to a desired location?

DNA ligase

Bt crops, including potatoes and cotton, are genetically engineered using laboratory techniques. Which of the following utilizes recombinant DNA technology to produce advantageous traits in the crops that are produced?

Genetically engineered crops have an advantageous gene from another organism inserted into their genome.

Bt crops are engineered in the lab to produce Bt toxins due to the presence of a bacterial gene from B. thuringiensis. Why is it advantageous for the plants to produce the Bt toxin?

Insects that normally destroy non-toxin-producing crops will be killed when they eat plants that do produce the toxin. Submit

Why would a recombinant DNA molecule be inserted into a host cell?

It can be copied, transcribed, and translated into a desired protein.

Which of the following would be a reason to use bacteria or yeast to synthesize human proteins through genetic engineering?

Large quantities of the protein can be made easily.

Which of the following is an application that uses PCR?

Sequencing a gene, diagnosing a disease, and providing enough DNA for cloning into another organism

GM crops have raised issues among communities in which they are produced. Which of the following are concerns raised by the public about genetically engineered crops?

The Bt toxin could result in the death of non-pest species of insects. The Bt gene could ultimately make the plants pathogenic to humans. The Bt toxin could negatively affect the taste of the food that is produced from these crops.

Which of the following best explains how scientists are able to introduce the bacterial gene for Bt toxin into the cotton plant genome?

The Bt toxin gene is isolated and inserted into a Ti plasmid from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The engineered Ti plasmid is taken up by a bacterium that infects the cotton plant.

Two men may be the father of a child. the figure shows the results of a DNA fingerprint analysis to determine paternity. M is the mother, C is the child, A and B are the two men. What is the best interpretation of these results?

The man identified as B is probably the father.

What would be the effect of the transfer of glyphosate resistance from a transgenic crop plant to a weed plant?

The weed plant would be unable to be killed by particular herbicides.

How do restriction enzymes cut DNA sequences?

They cut DNA at sites, called recognition sites, that have specific nucleotide sequences.

What function do restriction enzymes perform?

They cut DNA at specific sequences.

What is the end goal of PCR?

To quickly increase the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence

What is the name of genetic tools that can deliver genes into a cells?

Vectors

Subunit vaccines are safer than traditional vaccines because they

are acellular and do not pose a risk for causing the disease.

Which of the following would not be a potential medical application of recombinant DNA technology: gene library, genetic mapping, gene therapy, xenotransplantaton?

gene library

Replacing a patient's defective gene with a fragment containing a functional gene is

gene therapy

Which of the following is NOT a goal of recombinant DNA technology?

making it possible to clone humans

Which of the following is a product of recombinant DNA technology?

microbes that produce vitamins, insulin and vaccines

Injecting DNA into cells can be accomplished using

micropipettes, or compressed air and gold beads.

In Southern blotting, DNA molecules are immobilized on

nitrocellulose membranes.

PCR stands for

polymerase chain reaction