mastering environmental science: population ecology and evolution

Can you identify characteristics of Earth's interior layers? Drag the labels to the appropriate targets.

Crust: thin rock layer at Earth's surface Upper mantle: contains the asthenosphere just below the crust Lower mantle: thick layer of dense rock surrounding the core Outer core: composed of molten metal Inner core: composed mostly of solid metal

Which day had the greatest range in temperature?

Day 2

When was it most likely to have been foggy?

Day 2, between 5 A.M and 9 A.M.

Which of the following happened first?

The Appalachian Mountains begin to form.

Which of the following occurred about 21,000 years ago?

The formation of the ice age glaciers

What is the best description of the relative humidity between 9:00 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. on Day 1?

The relative humidity dropped from 100% to 55%.

Oyster populations are primarily, if not exclusively, composed of _____.

adults

Which of the following factors does not contribute to environmental resistance?

birth rate

What element is found in all organic compounds?

carbon

Where do plants get the carbon they use to make organic molecules?

carbon dioxide

In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?

cellular respiration

Australia is composed of relatively old and thick ______

continental crust

Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of humans?

elephants

"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____.

energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another

Which of these provides your body with energy?

fats

The earthquakes that occur in Southern California generally occur above a ______

fault

Part A: What process is illustrated by this animation?

gene flow

Part complete When Darwin wrote On the Origin of Species, he knew very little about the subject of _____, an essential component of evolutionary theory today.

genetics

Which of these organisms has a survivorship curve similar to that of oysters?

grasses

Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?

heat, carbon dioxide, and water

Old Faithful Geyser at Yellowstone National Park in the United States acquires its energy from a ______

hot spot

Where are the Solomon Islands located?

in the South Pacific

As a population approaches carrying capacity, environmental resistance __________.

increases

Part B: What process is illustrated by this animation?

natural selection

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.

potential

What does the right y-axis represent?

resources, with quantity decreasing from bottom to top

Which of these species typically has a mortality rate that remains fairly constant over an individual's life span?

robins

The slowly increasing distance between South America and Africa is due to ______

seafloor spreading

Layered ______ exposed by erosion can be seen when looking at the Grand Canyon in the United States.

sedimentary rock

The mark-recapture method would be best for sampling a population of _____.

sharks

The extremely deep ocean Marianas Trench is a result of ______

subduction

What does the red line represent?

temperature

What information is given on the x-axis?

time in 4-hour intervals

Scientists studying evolution on the Solomon Islands described which animal as the 'poster child' for the biological species concept?

white-eye bird

Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: Birth rate = 10 per 1,000/year Death rate = 12 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 2 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 3 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population?

−3 per 1,000/year

Growth rates are often presented as percentages, which are calculated by multiplying the growth rate (per 1,000 individuals per year) by 100: growth rate/1,000 × 100 = growth rate (%) For a population with a growth rate of 12 per 1,000/year, how would you express that growth rate as a percentage?

1.2%

Assume there are 200 MendAliens living on an island in my back yard. If my island has an area of 20 hectares, what is the population density of MendAliens in terms of MendAliens per hectare?

10 MendAliens per hectare

Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: Birth rate = 14 per 1,000/year Death rate = 6 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 5 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 1 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population?

12 per 1,000/year

What was the temperature at 9:00 A.M. on Day 1?

12 °Celsius

Suppose you are studying a population with the following characteristics: Birth rate = 11 per 1,000/year Death rate = 10 per 1,000/year Immigration rate = 4 per 1,000/year Emigration rate = 3 per 1,000/year What is the growth rate for this population?

2 per 1,000/year

You are doing a mark-recapture experiment to determine the population size of the MendAliens living on an island in my back yard. Initially, you catch and mark 130 MendAliens, which you then release. Next, you capture 90 MendAliens, of which 20 are marked. What is your estimate of the population size of MendAliens living on the island in my back yard?

585

What is the best description of the relationship between the two variables on the graph?

As the temperature rises, it causes the humidity to fall.

Which of the following statements are true of a population at carrying capacity?

- The birth rate equals the death rate. - The population growth rate equals zero. - The rate at which resources are used is equal to the rate at which they are supplied.

Which of the following statements are true of logistic growth?

- When the population reaches carrying capacity, it stops growing. - As the population approaches carrying capacity, it grows more slowly.

For a population with a growth rate of −3 per 1,000/year, how would you express that growth rate as a percentage?

-0.3%

For a population with a growth rate of 2 per 1,000/year, how would you express that growth rate as a percentage?

0.2%

Which of the three graphs shown in Part G best represents the growth of these yeast population?

Graph A

Which of the three graphs shown in Part G best represents the growth of this coyote population?

Graph B

Which graph best represents the growth of the beetle population in the sack of corn meal?

Graph C

Why did the biologists consider a frog that they found to be a new species?

Its call was unique.

Continental rifting formed which of the following?

North Atlantic Ocean

Based on the video, what can you infer about speciation--the process by which one species splits into two or more species?

Physical separation of populations is often part of the speciation process.

______ found in the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe is composed of dense and relatively young rock.

Seafloor crust

Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy?

a space station orbiting Earth

Drag the correct labels onto the graph showing two different patterns of population growth. Label the horizontal and vertical axes first.

a. exponential growth b. population size c. time d. carrying capacity e. logistic growth

Can you identify which mechanism of evolution is at work in each scenario shown below? Drag the appropriate label under each illustration to identify the evolutionary mechanism at work.

a. several individuals are entering a new population: gene flow b. the individual resembles a twig: natural selection c. the individual attracts more females because of its appearance: natural selection d. some individuals reproduce by chance while others do not: genetic drift e. the bird has a thick bill and eats large seeds: natural selection

In which part of Days 1 and 2 was the humidity lowest?

late afternoon/evening

Where do plants get the energy to make organic molecules?

light

What does the orange graph line represent?

logistic growth

Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is _____.

microevolution

Which of these is NOT an organic molecule?

minerals