Mastering Micro 223 Chapter 3 HW

Choose the true statement(s) about acid-fast bacteria

- Acid-fast staining is important in the diagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis. - Acid-fast bacteria have a waxy lipid called mycolic acid in their cell walls. - Genera Nocardia and Mycobacterium are acid-fast and stain pink during the acid-fast staining procedure.

Choose the true statement(s) about prokaryotic cells

- All prokaryotes are unicellular organisms. - Most of a prokaryote's nutrients are obtained through diffusion. - All prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles.

Choose the true statement(s) about binary fission in prokaryotic cells.

- Binary fission frequency differs between species and is affected by environmental conditions. - Binary fission results in offspring, which are genetically identical to the parent cell. - Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction that is simpler than mitosis.

Choose the true statement(s) about prokaryotic external appendages.

- Pili allow for adhesion, movement, and aid in gene transfer through conjugation. - Flagella allow for motility. - The glycocalyx promotes adhesion and interferes with phagocytosis.

Choose the true statement(s) about spore-forming bacteria.

- Spore-forming bacteria, such as Clostridium, contain heat- and chemical-resistant layers around the spore coat, making them difficult to destroy. - Disinfectants such as bleach are sporicidal and are effective in destroying spores.

Choose the true statement(s) about the prokaryotic cytoskeleton.

- The prokaryotic cytoskeleton directs construction of a rigid cell wall. - The prokaryotic cytoskeleton provides general organization of the cytoplasm.

Drag the labels onto the diagram to identify the various chromosome structures.

A. Pair of homologous chromosomes B. Centromere C. Sister chromatids

What makes phospholipid membranes good at keeping some molecules out, and allowing others to freely pass?

They have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.

How does water enter and exit a cell?

By simple diffusion or by use of an integral transport protein

Which of the following does not represent a shape or arrangement that a prokaryote can assume? 1. Clusters of bacilli form a Staph arrangement. 2. Stella are star shaped cells. 3. Clusters of bacilli form a Pallisade arrangement. 4. Vibrio are comma shaped cells.

Clusters of bacilli form a Staph arrangement.

Choose the false statement about cellular transport mechanisms. 1. Osmosis is the passive movement of water from a low-solute concentration to a high-solute concentration. 2. Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration. 3. Facilitated diffusion does not require energy and uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient. 4. Active transport requires energy and uses carrier proteins to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.

_____________ bacteria lack an outer membrane, have a thick layer of peptidoglycan, contain teichoic acid, and lack mycolic acid.

Gram-positive

Choose the false statement regarding prokaryotic plasma membranes. 1. Gases, water, and small non-charged substances can diffuse through the selectively permeable plasma membrane. 2. The plasma membrane's phospholipid bilayer contains hydrophilic phosphates and hydrophobic fatty acids. 3. The plasma membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that serves as barrier for a cell. 4. Ions and large polar substances can diffuse through the plasma membrane without assistance.

Ions and large polar substances can diffuse through the plasma membrane without assistance.

Which of the following are bacteria that initially had a cell wall and lost it either through the course of their life cycle or due to mutation?

L-form bacteria

Which of the following types of bacterial cells would have flagella located at only one end of the cell?

Lophotrichous and monotrichous

Which of the following types of bacterial cells would have only a single flagellum?

Monotrichous

Which of the following allows the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi to move in a corkscrew motion?

Periplasmic flagellum

Choose the features of the prokaryotic ribosome that support the endosymbiotic theory.

Prokaryotes have a ribosome with a 70S sedimentation rate.

Choose the true statement about the Domain Bacteria.

The Domain Bacteria is made up of prokaryotes and likely originated 3.8 billion years ago.

Considering the process of osmosis, what will occur if a bacterial cell is put into a hypotonic solution?

The cell will take on water and may lyse if its cell wall is damaged.

All of the following are examples of inclusion bodies in prokaryotic cells except __________.

endospores

A glycoprotein

is a type of peripheral protein above that can be used as a receptor or in enzymatic functions.

Prokaryotic cells house a single circular chromosome in their __________.

nucleoid region

Tumbles occur when

the flagella rotate clockwise.

Peritrichous bacteria make a run when

the flagella turn counterclockwise and become bundled.

Integral proteins are mostly involved in

transport function