MasteringBiology Hw 1 Part 2
5. The body mass of the chimpanzee is approximately _______ kg greater than the body mass of Australopithecus afarensis.
10
6. The ratio of brain volume to body mass of Homo ergaster is approximately ________.
14cm^3/kg
7. The brain volume of Homo sapiens is approximately ______ times as large as the brain volume of Australopithecus afarensis.
3
2. Generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population is _______.
Microevolution
1. Which of the following are causes of evolutionary change?
Natural Selection Mutation Gene Flow Genetic Drift
15. Which of the following anatomical features of the 3.2 million year old Australopithecus fossil known as "Lucy" suggest she was a bipedal hominid?
a much shorter hip bone that is broader from front to back and wraps around the side
10. Is this statement supported or not supported by the graph? The ratio of brain volume to body mass of Homo sapiens is larger than that of Homo ergaster.
supported
9. Is this statement supported or not supported by the graph? Despite having a body mass similar to that of Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalensis had a larger brain volume.
supported
14. Which of the following statements supports the conclusion that the common ancestor of modern chimps and modern humans lived around 7 million years ago?
Analysis of modern human and modern chimpanzee protein and DNA sequences suggests that their lineages diverged about 7 million years ago.
17. What did scientist learn from other fossils found in the same sediment layer as Ardi?
Ardi lived in a woodland habitat
4. Which species of hominin had a brain volume closest to the brain volume of the chimpanzee?
Australopithecus afarensis
11. What is the meaning of Darwin's expression "descent with modification"?
Descent with modification refers to evolutionary change over time.
18. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding human evolution?
The fossil record contains creatures with features that are intermediate between those of modern humans and quadrupedal apes The first humans evolved in Africa In the latest phase of human evolution, there as been a greater reliance on culture
13. Louis and Mary Leakey found two different fossil hominid skulls at Olduvai. Which of the following statements about the skulls is true?
The second skull represented a species more closely related modern humans than the first skull's species.
3. What does the distance between two white horizontal lines on this graph represent?
an increase of 200cm^3 in brain volume
12. Which of the following traits can be used to differentiate humans from our closest living primate relatives?
bipedality (the ability to walk exclusively on two legs) large brain size extensive tool use
16. How do scientists know that the hominid called "Ardi" is about 4.4 million years old?
by using radiometric dating techniques on the volcanic deposits found above and below the layer containing Ardi
8. Is this statement supported or not supported by the graph? For the species represented on this graph, body mass is directly proportional to brain size.
not supported
