Mastery Ch.7 & Mastery Ch.8

A client wishing to lose weight is considering how to best consume a small amount of pasta. Which food choice will the nurse recommend as a topping for pasta?

-marinara sauce

Students are taking a nutrition class at school. What term should be used when a student asks how to describe the substance left over from chemical reactions in a human body?

Metabolic water

The nurse has calculated a client to be at 85% of ideal body weight. How will the nurse document this finding?

Mild malnutrition

The nurse calculates a client's BMI to be 42. This client is in which BMI category?

obesity class 3

The nurse has determined that a client has a BMI of 27. The nurse recognizes that this client is in which of the following categories?

overweight

A client who is trying to eat healthier states, "I do not see fat-free cookies on the list of recommended foods. Should not fat-free items be good for me?" Which response from the nurse is appropriate?

"Eating fat-free cookies does not contribute to your daily nutrition requirements."

The nurse is aware that a loss of body fluids can lead to serious consequences. Which of the following can occur with a net water loss of 10%? Select all that apply.

-loss of balance -delirium -dizziness

The nurse is aware that maintaining consistency in the level of nutrients in the blood is one way to control eating too many calories. Which of the following suggestions should the nurse make to clients to help control calorie intake?

"Maintain a consistent eating pattern."

The nurse is meeting with a couple who are trying to lose weight together. The female client reports feeling frustrated that her male partner is losing weight more quickly than she is. What is the nurse's best response?

"Men have a greater proportion of muscle mass and therefore a higher BMR."

A client is a stay-at-home mom with three children. "I do not have time for an exercise class, but I want to lose weight. What can I do?" she asks the nurse. Which of the following should the nurse suggest?

"Park at the far end of the parking lot instead of next to the door."

The home health nurse is discussing risks for bone loss with a client. Which statement indicates the client correctly understands how bone loss changes as humans age?

"Since I am 64, I have been losing bone mass for about 34 years."

The nurse is seeing a client who asks, "why are the trace mineral amounts for fruits and vegetables not available to consumers?" Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"The mineral content depends on the soil and water where the produce is grown."

The nurse is teaching a client about healthy food choices and setting reasonable goals for weight loss. Which recommendation(s) will the nurse provide? Select all that apply.

-Eat out less often -Bring healthy snacks from home to work -Keep a log of foods eaten daily

The school nurse is teaching nutrition to a second grade class. In helping the students make better choices, which of the following should be emphasized? Select all that apply.

-Fresh fruit -Whole-grain toast -Low-fat milk

A client arrives for a follow-up appointment to discuss lab results from a recent visit. The nurse notes this client has hemochromatosis and will inform the client of this diagnosis during the visit. Which condition(s) will the nurse include as increased risks if the disease is untreated? Select all that apply.

-Liver cancer -Diabetes -Cirrhosis -Heart disease

A client is asking for suggestions on ways to cut out extra calories in her diet. Which of the following are some suggestions that this client might try? Select all that apply.

-Use smaller plates to encourage smaller portion size. -Cook in smaller pans.

The nurse is aware that some minerals have various forms. Some forms are determined by the food they are found in. The nurse recognizes that the majority of iron in the diet is in which of the following? Select all that apply.

-grains -legumes -nuts

Using the rule-of-thumb method, the nurse determines that the 34-year-old female who weighs 110 pounds (50 kg) should consume approximately how many calories each day?

1,500 calories

The nurse is helping a pregnant female form a weight loss plan to be implemented after the birth of her baby. If this woman is 5 feet 5 inches tall, which of the following is an ideal weight for her?

125 pounds

The nurse is concerned that a client who is 5 ft. 10 in. tall (1.78 meters) is too thin. If the client's current weight is 110 lbs., what is this client's current body mass index?

15.78

This nurse is seeing a client that has been reluctant to drink fluids, however, with some effort the client demonstrates adequate intake now. If the client weighs 110 pounds, how many milliliters did she drink? (Round to the nearest whole number.) Enter the correct number ONLY.

1500

The nurse is discussing sodium intake with a group of college students. The nurse explains that the AI for their age group is how much?

1500 mg/day

The nurse is helping a client to lose weight. The client is a 5 foot 8 inch tall female who currently weighs 200 pounds. What is this client's current BMR?

1700

The nurse is assessing a new patient on the unit for his fluid needs. If the client weighs 60 kilograms, approximately how much fluid should he take in on a daily basis?

1800 mL

The nurse is working with a 48-year-old female who recently was ill with an infection. The nurse recognizes that this client needs to increase her physical activity to prevent further deterioration of her health. The nurse has suggested that this client include some muscle-strengthening activities that involve all major muscle groups how many times a week?

2

The nurse is admitting a healthy 35-year-old woman to the outpatient surgery department for a day surgical procedure. She consumes approximately 2000 cal/day. What is her recommended intake of water?

2,000 mL of fluid per day

The nurse is encouraging a client to get more exercise. The nurse correctly recommends that the client engage in aerobic activity for how long each day?

20 minutes.

A client is asking how much fluid he should drink each day. If he weighs 150 pounds, how many milliliters of fluid should he drink each day?

2045 mL

A healthy adult client weighing 75 kg is informed by the health care provider that they are consuming an inadequate amount of water each day. When calculating the client's needs based on body weight, how many mL would the nurse inform the client to ingest daily?

2250

The nurse recognizes that a client's BMI is a key factor of the nutrition assessment. The nurse determines that a client who weighs 68 kilograms and stands 1.7 meters tall has a BMI (rounded to closest 1/10th) of:

23.4.

The client is being admitted for outpatient surgery. During the assessment, the nurse notes the client is 6 ft 3 in tall and weighs 97 kg. What is this client's BMI?

27

The nurse is aware that monitoring the clients fluid intake and output is an important assessment each shift. If a client weighs 90 kilogram, approximately how many milliliters of water should this client ingest in a 24-hour period? (Round to the nearest whole number.) Enter the correct number ONLY.

2700

The nurse recognizes that physical activity uses approximately what percentage of the total calories consumed?

30%

The nurse is discussing minerals with a group of student nurses. At the end of the discussion the students understand that minerals account for approximately how much of the body's total weight?

4%

A client is interested in ensuring that she is consuming enough potassium. The nurse explains what is the AI for potassium for healthy adults?

4.7 g/day

The nurse is discussing the importance of portion control and reading the serving size on food labels. If a bag of chips has three servings and each serving provides 9 g fat, 16 g carbohydrates, and 2 g protein, how many calories are actually in the bag?

459 calories

The nurse is teaching a group of clients how to count calories and to be aware of what they are eating. If a plate of pasta with cheese sauce is noted to have 5 grams of carbohydrates, 3 grams of protein, and 3 grams of fat, how many calories does this food contain?

59 cal

The nurse is reviewing a client's food log on a follow-up visit. The client has noted the calories by fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. However, the client has not included any calories from the glass of wine she drinks every evening. The nurse points out that alcohol contains how much energy?

7 cal/gram.

The nurse is assessing an 18-year-old female who is 4 feet 10 inches tall. This client is interested in losing weight. Using the general rule of thumb, what is her ideal body weight?

95 pounds

Despite ___________ % of sodium intake being absorbed, humans can maintain normal sodium levels by ridding themselves of extra sodium through urine output as well as increasing fluid intake through the thirst mechanism.

98

A person who is close to death is unable to take anything by mouth and has refused a gastrostomy tube. How long is the estimated time that death will occur from dehydration?

A few days

A client asks, the nurse, "What mineral is the most abundant in the body?" Which mineral should the nurse identify?

Calcium

A client asks the nurse which "brands" of foods to eat to get the most minerals. How might the nurse respond?

Choose unprocessed foods for the best source."

The nurse is reviewing lab results from a client's blood draw earlier in the shift. Which result for the calcium level would the nurse expect when this client has irregular blood pressure readings, muscle spasms, and recent dental caries?

Decreased level

A client is having difficulty finding an activity that she enjoys to do as formal exercise. She explains to the nurse that her work is so hectic and unpredictable that finding a 30-minute block of time is difficult. Which of the following is the BEST suggestion the nurse can make to help this client be successful?

Do three 10-minute activity periods a day.

A client with a history of prehypertension currently has a blood pressure of 110/88 mm Hg. Which information provided in the health history most likely contributed to the lowering of this client's blood pressure?

Following the DASH diet for 3 months

The nurse is part of the healthcare team caring for a client in the emergency department. When the sodium level of 128 mEq/L comes back with the chemistry blood panel, which client history would the nurse expect to review in the medical record?

Kidney failure

The nurse is discussing the problem with sugary beverages with a group of young adult students. The students correctly identify that the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation is to limit sugar-sweetened beverages how much?

Limited to fit within individual calories requirements

The nurse is teaching clients who wish to better their nutrition habits. Which food type will the nurse encourage the clients to primarily consume?

Nutrient-dense foods

With some minerals, definitive blood tests are needed to diagnose whether the client is deficient or experiencing a toxicity. The nurse is aware that one mineral can result in muscle weakness when either deficiency or toxicity of this mineral occurs. Which mineral causes muscle weakness in both deficiency and toxicity?

Potassium

A client is having heart palpitations and, when the cardiac monitor reveals tachycardia, the nurse believes the client has an electrolyte imbalance affecting the heart. Which lab result validates the nurse's thinking?

Potassium level 5.6 mEq/L

A client has been slowly losing weight but is discouraged at the slow pace. After reviewing this food log, which recommendation will the nurse make? Breakfast 1 orange 1 cup of cereal 1 slice of toast 1 cup of fat-free milk 1 cup of black coffee Lunch 1 cup of mixed vegetables 2 tablespoons of salad dressing 3 ounces of grilled chicken 1 cup of couscous 16 ounces of water Dinner 3 ounces of grilled shrimp 1 plain baked potato 1 apple 1 cup of asparagus Bedtime Snack 3 tablespoons peanut butter 2 tablespoons of grape jelly 2 slices of bread

Reduce snack calories at night

The nurse has assessed a 36-year-old female who is 5 feet and 5 inches tall and has a waist circumference of 36 inches. Which teaching will the nurse provide?

Set goal to lose 1 pound weekly

A client who is 6 feet 3 inches tall (1.91 meters) weighs 231 pounds (104.78 kg). Which type of teaching should the nurse prepare for this client?

Strategies to reduce weight

While explaining homeostasis of the body to a client, the nurse states which of the following is a major function of electrolytes?

maintaining acid-base balance

The nurse is admitting a client onto the unit with a diagnosis of manganese toxicity. What symptoms would be expected in this client?

Tremors

The nurse is conducting a follow-up assessment with a client who is post bariatric surgery. The client has a BMI of 34. Which of the following categories is the client now in?

obesity class 1

The nurse is helping a client understand the new dietary restrictions that she needs to follow because of her newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client's BMI is currently 37. The nurse recognizes that this client is in which BMI category?

obesity class 2

The nurse explains to a client concerned about sodium intake that the kidneys respond to hormones if the blood level of sodium is too low. Which hormone stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb sodium if the blood level is low?

aldosterone

The nurse notes that a client is drinking mineral water. The nurse correctly explains to the client this type of water offers which of the following amounts of minerals?

at least 250 ppm total dissolved solids (minerals).

The nurse is discussing the content of water in food with a client. The client is on fluid restrictions due to congestive heart failure. Which of the following contains the MOST water?

broccoli

The nurse is aware that some major minerals are vital to the functioning of every cell, especially in the chemical reaction activities. Which of the following minerals is also referred to as an electrolyte?

chloride

Some elements in the body depend on minerals to exist or function. Which mineral enhances the action of insulin?

chromium

The nurse is aware that some minerals enhance the actions of hormones. Which mineral enhances the action of insulin?

chromium

The nurse is discussing iron with a group of student nurses. After the discussion the students understand the iron is stored in the body in what form?

ferritin

The client is complaining of urinary incontinence and frequency. The nurse recognizes a nutritional diagnosis that might be assessed to this client is:

high risk for fluid volume deficits.

The nurse has been cautioning a client about reducing his sodium intake due to signs of toxicity. What sign has the nurse most likely observed in this client?

hypertension

The nurse is aware that excessive water intake seldom occurs in healthy adults. However, it is possible in certain populations, such as psychiatric patients and athletes in endurance events. Excessive water intake can cause which of the following imbalances?

hyponatremia

A nurse is reviewing a client's food choices to look for possible changes the client can make to decrease his hypertension. The client has been making improvements to lower his sodium intake, but his blood pressure is not responding as well as anticipated. Which of the following might the client do to improve his diet?

increase potassium intake

The student nurses are discussing mineral deficiencies. The students correctly identify which mineral deficiency is the most common and widespread in the world?

iron

A client tells the nurse she has made healthy changes to her eating pattern but has not been successful despite her efforts. After reviewing the client's food log, the nurse suspects that which of the following is contributing to the lack of change in weight?

portion distortion

The nurse is monitoring the fluid intake and output of a critically ill patient on the unit. The nurse should note which of the following is considered an insensible water loss for this patient?

respiration

The nurse is working with the health care team to develop an exercise program for a group of residents at an assisted living facility. What factor should decide what type of exercises the clients should do?

safety

The nurse is describing the source of various minerals required in a healthy diet. Which of the following is the main source of chloride?

salt

The nurse is aware that few foods naturally provide iodine. Which of the following is a natural source of iodine?

seafood

The nurse is reviewing a client's food log to evaluate how well the client is adapting and changing his diet to lose weight. Which of the following items should the client change to a more nutrient-dense food choice?

sweetened fruit yogurt

The nurse recognizes that a client with a healthy BMI may still be undernourished for which of the following reasons?

the BMI cannot provide information about nutritional status

The nurse is discussing the importance of monitoring the intake and output of water, especially in clients who are seriously ill. Besides water from oral intake, the nurse correctly indicates another way in which water is naturally acquired is which of the following?

through metabolic processes

The nurse is teaching a group of older adults how to read and interpret the information on food labels. The nurse explains that the current labels have not been updated to reflect current recommendations of sodium intake. The nurse suggest these individuals:

use the %DV for comparison among similar products of sodium content.

The nurse is helping a client plan a weight loss program. Using the plate method to help the client ensure nutrient density in meal planning, the nurse reminds the client that half of each dinner and lunch plate should be filled with which of the following foods?

vegetables