Mastery session 4

Don's teacher is concerned about him because he is passive and indifferent to new experiences, and shows little intellectual curiosity. He also shows signs of developing low self-esteem. Based on Baumrind's classification of parenting styles, the best guess is that Don's parents are:

authoritarian

Jesse has just married a woman who has two adolescent daughters. These children will adjust best if Jesse establishes all of the following types of discipline,

consistent, supportive, authoritative

According to research, ____ can be an effective way for enhancing the development of adolescents' reasoning abilities, moral judgement, and empathy.

family discussions in which decisions, rules, and expectations are explained

When siblings are treated differently by parents, research shows they are likely to:

get along better because they feel unique

According to Baumrind, children of indulgent parents tend to be:

less mature and more conforming to their peers

Although conflict between adolescents and parents over mundane matters (e.g. curfews, clothing) is generally _____ frequent in ethnic minority than in White families, the topics of disagreement are ____ across ethnic groups.

less; similar

3 true statements about stepfamilies

1. Adolescents growing up in stepfamilies have more problems than adolescents growing up in single-parent families. 2. Girls show more difficulty in stepfamilies than boys 3. Adolescents have an easier time adjusting to a stepfather if they have a good relationship with their biological father

Why are children who have spent time in the foster care system more at risk for emotional and behavioral problems?

1. Because of the foster care placement itself 2. Because of the instability in living arrangements. 3. Because of the abuse or neglect that necessitated their removal from their biological parents' home.

3 true statements about parents of adolescents

1. Fathers typically feel the greatest sense of loss when their teenagers leave home. 2. Adjusting to the transition into adolescence may take more of a toll on parents than on the mental health of adolescents. 3. Parents' mental health is worse when their teenage children are living at home

According to the behavioral geneticists, siblings are actually quite different from each other. 3 statements have been used to explain this difference

1. Siblings may experience their family environment very differently 2. Siblings only share a portion of their genes. 3. Siblings may have very different experiences outside the family.

3 findings of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents

1. The quality of an adolescent's relationship with important adults in the adolescent's life is more important than the number of parents in the home 2. Some of the differences in the effects of divorce on adolescents are a result of genetic differences among individual adolescents. 3. It is the process of going through a divorce, not the change in family structure, that most affects the adolescent's mental health.

Authoritative parenting promotes intellectual development and psychosocial maturity through all of the following (3)

1. encouraging understanding of social systems, which helps in the development of reasoning, judgement, and empathy. 2. encouraging discussions about decisions and rules that help children understand social relationships 3. engaging children and adolescents in verbal give-and-take

Which child would be expected to have the most conflict with his parents?

A thirteen year old

True statement about minority families and parenting

Because ethnic minorities are more likely to live in dangerous areas, parental control may actually be beneficial for those adolescents

Cory is more responsible, more self-assured, more adaptive, more creative, and more intellectually curious than most of her peers. Jerry, on the other hand, is very dependent, more passive, less socially adept, less self-assured, and less intellectually curious than most of his peers. According to the textbook, what is the best way to explain this difference?

Cory most likely has authoritative parents and Jerry most likely has authoritarian parents

Why is parental divorce during early adolescence particularly stressful for the adolescent?

Early adolescence is a time during which individuals are particularly sensitive to stress

The belief that being on welfare has a negative impact on adolescents:

Is incorrect because there are few differences in the behavior, values, and family relationships between adolescents whose families are or are not on welfare

Why is it difficult to determine the exact nature (and direction of the effect) of the relations between family characteristics and adolescent development?

Parents and adolescents reciprocally influence each other

Which of the following research findings best describes the phenomenon known as generational dissonance?

Recent studies of Mexican-American families have found that stress and conflict are higher in Latino families in which adolescents are relatively more acculturated than parents

A true statement regarding divorce in America

Social support from relatives has been found to buffer the effects of living in a single-parent household.

Through which of the following behaviors does an adolescent help shape authoritative parenting?

by displaying psychosocial maturity, leading parents to encourage further development of maturity

According to many well-designed studies that have looked at the psychological consequences of growing up with lesbian or gay parents:

children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents are not psychologically different from those with straight parents

Luis and Carla Hernandez are getting a divorce. It is likely that the family will go through a period of ____ before it can adjust to this challenge.

disequilibrium

According to the Family Systems Model, financial strain increases mothers' and fathers' ____, which, in turn, make parents more irritable, which adversely affects the quality of their parenting.

dissatisfaction with their marriages, feelings of depression, conflicts over money

Ethnic differences in parenting practices suggest that:

even though authoritative parenting is less commonly used by ethnic minority families, its effects on adolescent development are beneficial in all ethnic groups

One reason that the adolescent years may constitute difficult period of adjustment is that parents:

may also be experiencing identity crises of their own

According to the textbook, during adolescence, which are more influential, nonshared or shared environmental influences?

nonshared

Mark is a teenager who generally respects his parents. On which of the following issues, however, is Mark most likely to side with his friends and against his parents?

on how to wear his hair

Felicia is very warm and accepting to both her children, but she also sets firm rules that the children must follow with very few exceptions. According to Baumrind, the characteristics that best describe her are:

responsive and demanding

One potential reason that Mallory and Mikey, a brother and sister growing up in the same family, have completely different personalities may be that:

they have very different family experiences, both through differential treatment by parents and their own perceptions of similar experiences.